Colonial Sense: Regional History: Timeline

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Timeline
BETA VERSION 1.1

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Event Selection • (Total: 5,292; 1,443 with links) • Hover over for links to additional information
Date Range	Day in History	Text Search

From: m: d: y: To: m: d: y:

1492

Jan

Spain recaptures Granada from the Moors (Granada Day)

The first grammar of a modern language, in the Spanish language, is presented to Queen Isabella.

Mar

Alonzo Pietro, pilot, sails with Columbus

Queen Isabella of Castilia and Ferdinand of Aragon sign decree expelling Jews from Spain

Apr

Christopher Columbus signs contract with Spain to find the Indies

Columbus is given royal commission to equip his fleet

Spain announces it will expels all Jews

May

Cheese & Bread rebellion: German mercenaries kill 232 Alkmaarse

Jul

Jews are expelled from Spain by King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella

Aug

Columbus sets sail from Palos, Spain to Canary Islands for supplies

Rodrigo de Borja becomes Pope Alexander VI

Sep

Columbus' fleet leaves San Sebastián de la Gomera, Canary islands, heading west.

Oct

King Henry VII of England invades France

Columbus' ships sight 'unusual light'

Columbus lands on San Salvador Island (in the Bahamas), discovering the New World

Flemish rebel leader Philip van Kleef surrenders

English Admiral Poynings fleet occupies Lock

Columbus leaves San Salvador, arrives in Santa Maria of Concepcion

Columbus' fleet anchors at "Fernandina" (Long Island, Bahamas?)

Columbus sights "Isabela" (Fortune Island, Bahamas?)

24 Jews are burned at stake in Mecklenburg Germany

Columbus' fleet sights Las Islas de Arena (Ragged Island Range, Bahamas)

Lead pencils first used

Christopher Columbus discovers Cuba and claims it for Spain

Nov

Peace of Etaples (Henry VII and Charles VIII)

Christopher Columbus learns of maize (corn) from Indians of Cuba

Christopher Columbus notes first recorded reference to tobacco

In Spain, six Jews and five Conversos are accused of using black magic

Pinta under Martin A Pinzon separates from Columbus' fleet

Dec

Columbus discovers Hispaniola (El Espanola/Haiti), at Mole Saint Nicolas

Columbus' ship Santa Maria docks at Dominican Republic

First Spanish settlement in New World founded, by Columbus

100,000 Jews expelled from Sicily

1493

Jan

Columbus leaves new world on return from first voyage

First sight of manatees by Christopher Columbus

Last day for all Jews to leave Sicily

Columbus returns to Spain on his first trip

France cedes Roussillon and Cerdagne to Spain by Treaty of Barcelona

Mar

Christopher Columbus returns to Spain after first new world voyage

Aug

Maximilian I of Austria becomes Roman Catholic German emperor

Sep

Columbus' second expedition to New World [ed check date?]

Columbus sails with 17 ships on second voyage to America

Oct

Christopher Columbus discovers island of Dominica

Nov

Christopher Columbus discovers island of Dominica

Columbus discovers Saba

Christopher Columbus discovers Puerto Rico, on his 2nd voyage

1494

Jan

Juw Dekama elected potentate of Frisia

Alfonso II replaces his father as king of Naples

May

On second voyage to New World, Christopher Columbus sights Jamaica

Nov

Uprising against Piero de' Medici in Florence Italy

Family de' Medici become rulers of Florence

1495

Feb

French King Charles VIII enters Naples to claim crown

Jun

First written record of Scotch Whiskey appears in Exchequer Rolls of Scotland, the Scottish government commissions Friar Jon Cor to be the distiller

Jul

Battle of Fornovo, French king Charles VIII leaves Italian peninsula

1496

Feb

England's Henry VII ends commercial dispute with Flanders

Mar

English king Henry VII hires John Cabot (Giovanni Caboto) to explore

Jews are expelled from Carintha Austria

Jews are expelled from Syria

Oct

Emperor Maximiliaans daughter marries Spanish crown prince Johan of Aragon/Philip de Blank marries Johanna "the Waanzinnige" of Aragon

Dec

Jews are expelled from Portugal by order of King Manuel I

1497

Jan

Jews are expelled from Graz (Syria)

Mar

Nicolaus Copernicus' first recorded astronomical observation,

May

Italian navigator Amerigo Vespucci leaves for first voyage to New World

Pope Alexander VI excommunicates Girolamo Savonarola

Jun

Antitax insurrection in Cornwall suppressed at Blackheath

John Cabot claims eastern Canada for England (believes he found Asia in Nova Scotia)

Jul

Vasco da Gama departs for trip to India

Aug

John Cabot returns to Bristol from North-America

Sep

Sailor Perkin Warbeck becomes English King Richard IV

Nov

Vasco da Gama reaches the Cape of Good Hope

Portuguese navigator Vasco da Gama rounds Cape of Good Hope

1498

Mar

Vasco da Gama's fleet visits Mozambique Island

Apr

Crowd storms Savonarola's convent San Marco Florence, Italy

May

Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama arrives at Calicut, India

Columbus departs with six ships for third trip to America

Jun

Jews are expelled from Nurenberg Bavaria by Emperor Maximillian

The emperor of China patents the toothbrush

Jul

Emperor Maximilian names Albrecht governor of Netherlands

Aug

Christopher Columbus lands on "Isla Santa" near Venezuela

Columbus arrives in Caribbean

Columbus lands at the mouth of the Orinoco River in Venezuela

1499

Jan

Louis XII of France (after papal divorce) marries Anne, Duchess of Brittany to keep duchy for the crown

Jul

Alonso dhe Ojeda discovers Curacao Island

Nov

Perkin Warbeck, who claimed to be the lost son of King Edward IV, is hanged for allegedly trying to escape from the Tower of London.

1500

Jan

Pinzon discovers Brazil

Mar

Pedro Cabral departs with 13 ships to India

Apr

Battle of Novara: King Louis XII beats duke Ludovico Sforza

Pedro Alvarez Cabral discovers Brazil and claims it for Portugal

Pedro Cabral lands and annexes Brazil (Terra da Vera Cruz

Jul

A hailstorm brings down the ceilings of the Papal Palace in Rome

Aug

Diego Diaz discovers Madagascar

1501

Apr

Portuguese navigator Pedro Cabral and 6 ships return to Lisbon

May

Joao da Nova Castell discovers Ascension Islands

Jul

Explorer Pedro Cabral back in Lisbon

Copernicus formally installed as canon of Frauenberg Cathedral

Oct

Maximilian of Austria and Louis XII sign Treaty of Trente

English crown prince Arthur marries Catharina of Aragon

1502

Jan

Portuguese navigators discover Rio de Janeiro

Feb

Austrian emperor Maximilian I reformats government machine

Mar

Tebriz, shah Ismail I of Persia crowned

May

Columbus begins fourth and last trip to "Indies"

Portuguese Admiral Da Nova discovers St. Helena

Aug

Jacobus IV of Scotland marries Margaretha Tudor

Sep

Christopher Columbus lands at Costa Rica on his fourth and last voyage

Oct

Storm ravages Friese coast

1503

Jan

Casa Contratacion (Board of Trade) founded in Spain to deal with American affairs

Apr

Battle at Cerignalo: Spanish army under G Cordoba beats France

May

Columbus discovers Cayman Islands

Oct

Queen Isabella of Spain bans violence against indians

Nov

Pope Julius II elected

Dec

Battle of Garigliano, Spanish army under G Cordoba beats France

1504

Jan

King Louis XII loses last bulwark in Naples

Feb

Columbus uses a lunar eclipse to frighten hostile Jamaican Indians

Apr

English guilds/corp goes under state control

1505

Apr

Jews are expelled from Orange Burgandy by Philibert of Luxembourg

1506

May

Christopher Columbus dies in Valladolid, Spain

Earl Willem I van Nassau-Dillenburg weds countess Walburg van Egmont

1507

Jun

England and Netherlands sign trade agreement

1508

Feb

Maximilian I assumes imperial title without being crowned

Maximilian I crowned Holy Roman Emperor

Aug

Juan Ponce de Leon arrives in Puerto Rico

Nov

Andrea Palladio, the architect whose work inspired Jefferson's Monticello, is born

1509

Mar

Emperor Maximilian I names Margaretha land guardians of Netherlands

Apr

Henry the VIII becomes King of England

May

Battle of Agnadello, French beat Venitians in Northern Italy

Jun

Henry VIII marries wife (number one), Catharina of Aragon

King Henry VIII marries wife #1 Catharina of Aragon

Henry VIII crowned King of England

Sep

Storm ravages Flemish/Dutch/Friese coast, 1000s killed

1510

Jan

Jews are expelled from Colmar Germany

Feb

Pope Julius II excommunicates the republic of Venice

Jul

38 Jews are burned at stake in Berlin Prussia

1512

Apr

Pope Julius II opens 5th Council of Lateranen

Battle of Ravenna: France under Gaston de Foix beat Spanish Army

May

Pope Julius II opens 5th Lateran Council (18th ecumenical council) in Rome

Aug

Battle of Saint-Mathieu (aka Battle of Brest): English fleet beats France

Nov

Michelangelo's paintings on ceiling of Sistine Chapel, first exhibited

Medici's discharge Niccolo Machiavelli from Florence

1513

Jan

Christian II succeeds Johan I as Danish/Norwegian king

Mar

Giovanni de' Medici chosen Pope Leo X

Apr

Florida discovered, claimed for Spain by Ponce de Leon

Explorer Juan Ponce de Leon claims Florida for Spain

Aug

Battle of Guinegate: Maximilian and Henry III beat France

Sep

Battle of Flodden Fields

Vasco Nunez de Balboa is first European to see Pacific Ocean

1514

Jan

Complutensian New Testament in Hebrew, Aramaic, Greek and Latin finished

Sep

Thomas Wolsey appointed archbishop of York

Oct

King Louis XII of France marries Mary Tudor, sister of Henry VIII

1515

Jan

Francois, Duke of Angoulame succeeds Louis XII as Francois I of France

Jews are expelled from Laibach Austria

Jul

Anna of Bohemia (12) marries Karel van Ferdinand of Austria

Louis of Hungary (9) marries Maria of Bohemia and succession to Hungarian throne; Congress of Vienna settles issues between Poland and Holy Roman Empire

Sep

Battle of Marignano: France beats Habsburgers and Pope Leo X

Battle of Marignano ends in French/Venetian victory

Dec

Thomas Wolsey appointed English Lord Chancellor

1516

Apr

A Willaert installed as singer of cardinal Ippolito I d'Este

First ghetto, Jews are compelled to live in specific area of Venice

The Reinheitsgebot (purity ordinance) is issued by two Bavarian dukes that limits beer ingredients to barley, water and hops

Aug

Kings Charles I and Francois I signs Treaty of Noyon

1517

Mar

Pope Leo X signs 5th Council of Lateranen

May

Philip van Bourgondie installed as bishop of Utrecht

Jun

Sir Thomas Pert reaches Hudson Bay

Jul

First burning of Protestants at stake in Netherlands

Inquisitor Adrian Boeyens (pope Adrianus VI) becomes cardinal

Oct

Luther posts 95 theses on Wittenberg church-Protestant Reformation

1518

Oct

Henry VIII's daughter Mary marries French crown prince

1519

Jan

First Altenburger sermon (Luther and Karl von Miltitz)

Mar

Cortez lands in Mexico

May

Austrian adel/burgerij in uprising against central government

Jun

King Carlos I elected Roman Catholic German emperor Charles V

Jul

Public debate between Martin Luther and theologist John Eck

San Cristobal de la Habana forms in Cuba

Aug

Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan sets sail from Seville with five ships for what will be the first successful circumnavigation of the Earth.

Panama City founded

Sep

Ferdinand Magellan starts first successful circumnavigation of world

Nov

Flood ravages Dutch/Friese coast

University of Leuven convicts teaching of Luther

First meeting of Montezuma and Hernando Cortes in Mexico

1520

Sep

Suleiman I succeeds his father Selam I as sultan of Turkey

Oct

First public burning of books in Netherlands, in Louvain

King Henry VIII of England orders bowling lanes at Whitehall

Ferdinand Magellen arrives at Tierra Del Fuego (Pacific Ocean)

King Carlos I crowned, German emperor Charles V

Nov

Danish/Norwegian king Christian II crowned king of Sweden

Friesland hit by heavy hail storm

Ferdinand Magellan begins crossing Pacific Ocean

Dec

Martin Luther publicly burns papal edict demands he recant

1521

Jan

Martin Luther excommunicated by Roman Catholic Church

Mar

Magellan discovers Guam

Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan reaches Philippines

Ferdinand Magellan lands at Homonhon and discovers the Philippines

Apr

Inquisitor-general Adriaan Boeyens bans Lutheran books

Magellan's fleet reaches Cebu

Martin Luther arrives at Diet of Worms

Parliament of Worms: Cardinal Alexander questions Maarten Luther

Ferdinand Magellan dies from poisoned arrows while fighting the natives of the island of Mactan

Treaty of Worms: Emperor Charles names his brother Ferdinand Arch duke of Netherlands-Austria

Jul

About 300 heretics burned in Vrijdagmarkt Gent

Oct

Pope Leo X titles King Henry VIII of England "Defender of the Faith"

Emperor Charles V bans wooden buildings in Amsterdam

Nov

Arabs attribute shortage of water in Jerusalem to Jews making wine

1522

Jan

Adriaan F Boeyens elected only Dutch pope (Adrian VI)

Head inquisitor Adrian Florisz Boeyens elected pope

Mar

Marten Luther preaches his Invocavit

Sep

Magellen with Vittoria returns to Spain, after first round world trip

Spanish navigator Juan de Elcano returns to Spain, completes first circumnavigation of globe, expedition begins under Ferdinand Magellan

Oct

Emperor Karel I names Hernan Cortes governor of Mexico

1523

Jan

Sermon of Constanz: Zwingli defends 67 Schlussreden

Jun

Frisian rebel leader Jancko Douwama arrested

Nov

Giulio de' Medici chosen as Pope Clemens VII

Amsterdam bans assembly of heretics

1524

Feb

In June 1523, several London astrologers warned residents that apocalyptic floods would engulf the city on February 1 of the following year, causing some 20,000 residents to flee their homes and others to stockpile food and supplies. The day came and went without a drop of rain.

Mar

Giovanni de Varrazano of France sights land around area of Carolinas

Apr

Giovanni Verrazano, a florentine navigator, discovers New York Bay

Pope Clemens VII fires Netherlands' inquisitor-general French Van de Holly

Jun

Earl Henry III of Nassau weds Mencia de Medoza, 16-years old marquess

Jul

Boer War begins in Germany's Black Forest

James I (12) becomes king of Scotland

Nov

Pizarro's begins first great expedition, near Colombia

Dec

Pope Clement VII approves Organization of Jewish Community of Rome

1525

Mar

Paris' parliament begins pursuit of Protestants

May

German boer army surrounded/slaughters 5,000; ends Boer war

Jul

Trial against "heretic" John Pistorius at The Hague

Sep

Trial against "heretic" John Pistorius ends in the Hague

1526

Jan

Charles V and Francis I sign Treaty of Madrid -- Francis I forced to give up claims in Burgundy, Italy and Flanders

Feb

Heavy storm strikes Dutch coast, many die

Mar

Emperor Charles V marries princess Isabella of Portugal

Nov

Jews are expelled from Pressburg Hungary by Maria of Hapsburg

John I Zapolyai of Transsylvania chosen as king of Hungary

Dec

Ferdinand of Austria chosen as King of Bohemia

Pope Clemens VII publishes degree Cum ad zero - forms Inquisition

1527

Feb

Ferdinand of Austria crowned as king of Bohemia

May

Anabaptist Hans Huth predicts today to be the final day of judgment. When that doesn't happen, he postpones it to 1529

Florence becomes a republic

Panfilo de Narvaez departs to explore Florida

University of Marburg (Germany) founded

Nov

Ferdinand of Austria/Bohemia chosen as king of Hungary

1528

Mar

Smoking tobacco introduced in Europe by Francisco Fernandes

Sep

Spanish fleet sinks in Florida hurricane -- about 380 die

Oct

Treaty of Gorinchem between Holy Roman Emperor Charles V and Duke Charles of Guelders

Nov

Cabeza de Vaca discovers Texas

1529

Apr

Second Parliament of Spiers bans Lutheranism

Jul

Francisco Pizarro appointed governor of Peru

Oct

Meeting between Martin Luther and Huldrych Zwingli at the Marburg Colloquy

Thomas More appointed English Lord Chancellor

Nov

English cardinal Thomas Wolsey arrested

1530

Feb

First imperial coronation by a Pope, Charles V crowned by Clement V

Mar

King Henry VIII's divorce request is denied by the Pope Henry then declares that he, not the Pope, is supreme head of England's church

Jun

German Parliament joins to Augsburg together

Sep

Luther advises protestant monarch compromise

Nov

St. Felix Flood ravages Dutch coast

1531

Jan

Pope Clemens VII forbids English king Henry VIII to re-marry

English Reformation parliament's 2nd sitting

Lisbon hit by Earthquake -- about 30,000 die

Feb

Henry VIII recognized as supreme head of Church in England

Earthquake in Lisbon Spain, kills 20,000-30,000

Oct

Battle of Kappel: Swiss RC kantons beat protestant

Dec

Juan Diego, an Indian peasant in Mexico, encounters a blinding light and unearthly music and sees the apparition that will be known as The Virgin of Guadalupe. Later the image of the Virgin is found imprinted inside Juan's cloak

1532

Mar

English parliament bans payments by English church to Rome

May

Sir Thomas More resigns as English Lord Chancellor

Nov

Zealand/South Holland flooded

Pope Clemens VII tells Henry VIII to end relationship with Anna Boleyn

1533

Jan

England's King Henry VIII marries Anne Boleyn (approximate date)

Mar

Henry VIII divorces his first wife, Catherine of Aragon

Thomas Cranmer becomes archbishop of Canterbury

May

England's archbishop voids King Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn's marriage

Jun

Anna Boleyn crowned queen of England

Jul

Pope Clement VII excommunicates England's King Henry VIII

Aug

Francisco Pizarro orders death of last Incan King of Peru, Atahualpa

Nov

Francisco Pizarro arrives at Cuzco

1534

Feb

Pope Paul II affirms George van Egmond as bishop of Utrecht

Apr

Sir Thomas Moore confined in London Tower

May

French navigator Jacques Cartier reaches Newfoundland

Wurttemberg becomes Lutherian

Jun

Jacques Cartier first sails into mouth of St. Lawrence River

Jacques Cartier discovers Prince Edward Islands Canada

Jul

Jacques Cartier, lands in Canada, claims it for France

Aug

Ignatius of Loyola forms society of Jesus/Jesuits

Oct

Alessandro Farnese elected as Pope Paul III

New pursuit of French protestants

Charles V names Joris of Egmont, bishop of Utrecht

English Parliament passes the First Act of Supremacy, making King Henry VIII head of the English church - a role formerly held by the Pope

Nov

English parliament accepts Act of Supremacy: Henry VIII church leader

Zealand hit by heavy storm

Dec

Quito, Ecuador founded by Spanish

1535

Jan

City of Lima Peru founded by Francisco Pizarro

Henry VIII declares himself head of English Church

Francisco Pizarro founds Lima Peru

Mar

Bishop Tomas de Berlanga discovers Galapagos Islands

Jun

English Catholic Cardinal John Fischer state rights

Jul

Sir Thomas More goes on trial in England charged with treason

Aug

Asuncion, Paraguay founded

Pope Paul II deposes and excommunicates King Henry VIII

Sep

French navigator Jacques Cartier reaches Hochelaga (Montreal)

Oct

Jacques Cartier discovers Mount Royal (Montreal)

First full English translation of the Bible printed in Switzerland

1536

Jan

Francois Rabelais absolved of apostasy by Pope Paul III

Feb

Pedro de Mendoza finds Argentine city of Buenos Aires

Apr

English king Henry VIII expropriates minor monasteries

May

First recorded use of the “at” sign (the @ symbol) outside a monastery by Francesco Lapi, a Florentine merchant

King Henry VIII, orders bible be placed in every church

Pope Paul III installs Portugese inquisition

English king Henry VIII marries Jane Seymour

Jul

French navigator Jacques Cartier returns to Saint-Malo from Canada

Pope's authority declared void in England

Oct

Danish/Norwegian king Christian III leads reform in Catholic possessions

Dec

English scholar Reginald Pole appointed cardinal

1537

Sep

King Christian III publishes "Ordinance on the Danish Church"

1538

Jan

States of Gelderland accepts Willem van Kleef as viceroy

Feb

King Ferdinand of Austria and King Janos Zapolyai of Hungary sign Peace of Grosswardein

Jun

Catholic German monarchy signs League of Neurenberg

Sep

Battle of Preveza: Turkish fleet under Barbarossa beats Spanish

Dec

Pope Paul III excommunicates England's King Henry VIII

1539

Feb

Jews of Tyrnau Hungary (then Trnava, Czechoslovakia), expelled

Apr

Charles, protestant German monarch, signs Treaty of Frankfurt

May

Black Spanish explorer Estevan is reported killed

Hernando de Soto lands in Florida

Spanish explorer Fernando de Soto discovers Florida

Jun

Hernando De Soto claims Florida for Spain

Oct

King Henry VIII and Anna of Kleef marry

1540

Jan

King Henry VIII of England marries his fourth wife, Anne of Cleves

Feb

The first recorded race meet in England (Roodee Fields, Chester)

Emperor Charles V enters Ghent without resistance, executes rebels

Francisco V squez de Coronado searches for seven legendary cities of Cibola Mexico

Mar

Protestant count Philip of Hessen marries second wife

Court of Holland names Amsterdam sheriff John Hubrechtsz a "heretic"

Jun

Hernando de Soto crosses Appalachian Mountain, first European to do so

Thomas Cromwell arrested in Westminister

Henry VIII divorces his 4th wife, Anne of Cleves

English ex-chancellor Thomas Cromwell sentenced as heretic

Jul

England's King Henry VIII 6-mo marriage to Anne of Cleves annulled

Turkey recognizes Janos Sigismund Zapolyai as vassal-king of Hungary

English King Henry VIII marries Catharine Howard, his fifth wife

Aug

Explorer Hernando de Alarcon travels up Colorado River

Emperor Karel deprives city of Ghent definitive rights/privileges

Sep

Society of Jesus (Jesuits) founded by Ignatius Loyola , recognized by Pope Paul III

Oct

Emperor Karel names his son Philip, duke of Milan

1541

Feb

Santiago, Chile founded

Santiago, Chile founded by Pedro de Valvidia

Mar

Hernan de Soto observes first recorded flood in America (Mississippi River)

Apr

Ignatius of Loyola becomes first superior-general of Jesuits

May

Hernando de Soto discovers Mississippi River

Jun

Duke Willem van Gulik of Gelre marries Jeanne d'Albret

Irish parliament selects Henry VIII as king of Ireland

Francisco Pizarro, governor of Peru and conqueror of the Inca civilization, is assassinated

Aug

Turkish sultan Suleiman occupies Buda/annexes Hungary

Nov

Queen Catharine Howard confined in London Tower

1542

Jan

Parliament passes bill of attainder against Queen Katherine Howard

May

Spanish conquistador Hernando de Soto dies in present-day Louisiana

Jun

Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo claims California for Spain

Aug

Rabbi Joseph Caro completes his commentary of Tur Code

Conquistador Francisco de Orellana returns to Spain

Sep

Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo discovers California, at San Diego Bay

Oct

Explorer Cabrillo discovered Catalina Island off California coast

Nov

Spain delegates "New Laws" against slavery in America

Dec

Mary Queen of Scots is born

1543

May

Copernicus dies

Jul

England and Scotland sign Peace treaty of Greenwich

England's King Henry VIII weds Catherine Parr (6th and last wife)

Sep

Cardinal Beaton replaces earl Arran as regent for Mary of Scotland

1544

Jan

Adrian van Goes becomes land advocate of Holland

May

German emperor Charles V recognizes king Christian III of Denmark

Nov

Antwerp painter John Matsys banished

Pope Paul III opens council of Trente

1545

Feb

Willem of Nassau becomes prince of Orange

Mar

German Parliament opens in Worms

Apr

French king Francois I orders protestants of Vaudois to be killed

Jul

King Henry VIII's flagship Mary Rose sinks at Portsmouth -- 73 die

Aug

Pope Paul III names his son Pierluigi Farnese, duke of Parma

Dec

Pope Paul III opens Council of Trent (19th ecumenical council)

1547

Jan

Earl Henry Howard of Surrey sentenced to death

Ivan IV the Terrible (17) crowns himself first tsar of Moscow

9-year-old Edward VI succeeds Henry VIII as king of England

Feb

Russian czar Ivan IV (17) marries Anastasia Romanova

King Edward VI of England is enthroned following death of Henry VIII

Mar

Henry II succeeds Francois I as king of France

Jun

Great fire in Moscow

Sep

English demand Edward VI, 10, wed Mary Queen of Scots, 5

Miguel de Cervantes is born

Oct

Miguel de Cervantes is baptized

1548

Jun

Emperor Charles V orders Catholics to become Lutherans

Jul

La Paz, Bolivia is founded

1549

Jun

Book of Common Prayer is adopted by the Church of England

England enforces Act of Supremacy

Jul

English boer army occupies Norwich

Jews are expelled from Ghent Belgium

Aug

Battle of Dussindale: John Dudley destroys English boer army

Sep

Pope Paul III signs Council of Bologna

Oct

Duke of Somerset fired as Lord Protector and imprisoned

John Dudley earl of Warwick becomes English premier

1550

Feb

Giovanni Maria del Monte elected Pope Julius III

Apr

Jews are expelled from Genoa Italy

Jul

Chocolate is introduced to Europe

Sep

William Cecil appoints himself English minister of foreign affairs

Nov

Pope Julius III proclaims new seat on Council of Trente

1551

Mar

Emperor Karel appoints son Philip as heir to the throne

Apr

English premier John Dudley appointed duke of Northumberland

John Dudley becomes English Earl Marshal

May

San Marcos University in Lima Peru, opens

Jun

Pope Julius III excommunicates Duke Ottario Farnese of Parma

Jul

Willem of Orange weds countess Anna van Egmond and Buren

Treaty of Weissenburg (aka Treaty of Karlsburg): arch duke Ferdinand of Austria recognized as king of Hungary/Transsylvania

Oct

English Edward Seymour duke of Somerset re-arrested

Dec

Dutch west coast hit by hurricane

1552

Jan

Dutch west coast hit by heavy storm, 100s killed

Second version of Book of Common Prayer becomes manditory in England

Feb

Dutch coast hit by heavy storm

Aug

Peace of Passau: Emperor Charles V accepts Lutheran religion

1553

May

English Lady Jane Grey marries Guildford Dudley

Jun

Christ's Hospital in England granted a charter

Jul

Lady Jane Grey becomes queen of England

15-year-old Lady Jane Grey deposed as England's Queen after 9 days

Aug

Pope Julius III orders confiscation and burning of Jewish Talmud

Bishop Stephen Gardiner appointed English Lord Chancellor

Sep

City of Lichfield, England forms

English Hugh Latimer arrested

Nov

English Lady Jane Grey/bishop Cranmer accused of high treason

1554

Jan

Great fire in Eindhoven, Netherlands

Feb

Rebellion in London: Sir Thomas Wyatt defeated

Jul

Queen Maria of England marries Philip, king of Naples/Jerusalem

Sep

Coronado dies, without finding the fabled cities of gold

Nov

England reconciles with Pope Julius III

1555

Mar

Nostradamus completes the preface to his book Centuries, and sends it to his publisher

Apr

Marcello Cervini elected Pope Marcellus II

May

Giampietro Caraffa elected Pope Paul IV

Sep

Oxford Bishop Nicholas Ridley sentenced to death as a heretic

Oct

Emperor Charles V makes Erard of Pallandt earl of Culemborg

English parliament refuses to recognize Philip of Spain as king

Emperor Karel puts son Philip II in charge of Netherlands/Naples/Milan

Nov

William of Orange becomes member of Council of State

1556

Jan

Emperor Karel appoints his son Philip II, king of Spain

Most deadly earthquake on record kills 830,000 in Shaaxi (Shensi Province), China

Willem of Orange becomes a knight in Order of the Golden Fleece

Feb

Archbishop Thomas Cranmer declared a heretic

Mar

Cardinal Reginald Pole becomes archbishop of Canterbury

Karel V's son Philip II crowned king of Spain

Start of the Fasli Calendar in India

Apr

Portuguese Marranos who revert back to Judaism burned by order of Pope

Jul

Ignatius of Loyola dies

Sep

Emperor Charles resigns, his brother Ferdinand van Austria takes over

1557

Aug

Battle of St. Quentin: Lamoraal of Egmont and Philibert beat France

Sep

Catholic and Lutheran theology debated in Worms

Dec

First Covenant of Scottish protestants form

1558

Jan

Geneva becomes independent from Berne canton, Switzerland

Westmunster Church in Middelburg destroyed by heavy storm

Mar

Ferdinand I appointed Holy Roman emperor

Apr

Czar Ivan IV gives parts of North-Russia to fur traders

Queen Mary Stuart of Scotland marries French crown prince Francois

Nov

Playwright Thomas Kyd is baptized

Elizabeth I ascends English throne upon death of Queen Mary

1559

Jan

Elizabeth I crowned queen of England in Westminster Abbey

Elizabeth crowned queen of England

Feb

Pope Paul IV calls for deposition of sovereigns supporting heresy

Mar

Storm floods ravage Gorinchem, Dordrecht and Woudrichem, Netherlands

May

Scottish Protestants under John Knox uprise against queen-mother Mary

Excavated corpse of heretic David Joris burned in Basel

Jun

Jewish quarter of Prague burned and looted

Aug

Willem of Orange becomes viceroy of Holland/Zealand/Utrecht

Spanish explorer de Luna lands in Pensacola Bay,Fla

Spanish archbishop Bartholome de Carranza arrested as heretic

Sep

Five Spanish ships sink in storm off Tampa, about 600 die

1560

Jan

Spanish king Philip II marries Elisabeth van Valois

Mar

Failed assault on royal palace in Amboise France

Jul

England and Scotland signs Treaty of Edinburgh

Aug

Tycho Brahe becomes interested in astronomy

Sep

Spanish king Philip II names Frederik Schenck of Toutenburg, first archbishop of Utrecht

1561

Jan

By Edict of Orleans persecution of French Huguenots is suspended

Feb

William of Orange appointed viceroy of Burgundy/Charolais

French surgeon Ambroise Paré writes first treatise explaining head wounds

Aug

Mary Queen of Scots arrives in Leith Scotland to assume throne after spending 13 years in France

Willem of Orange marries duchess Anna of Saxon

Sep

Sermon of Poissy

Dec

Archbishop Granvelle installed

1562

Jan

Edict of St. Germain recognizes Huguenots in France

Mar

Kissing in public banned in Naples (punishable by death)

Sep

Council of Trente takes ecclesiastical canon

1563

Feb

William Byrd is appointed organist at Lincoln Cathedral

Mar

Edict of Amboise: Rights for Huguenots

Apr

Jews are expelled from France by order of Charles VI

Aug

King Charles IX of France (13) declared an adult

Jewish community of Neutitschlin Moravia expelled

Sep

Maximilian chosen king of Hungary

Dec

Council of Trent holds last session, after 18 years

1564

Jul

Maximilian II succeeds his father Ferdinand II as RC emperor

Aug

Spanish king Philip II joins Council of Trente

Sep

Robert Dudley becomes earl of Leicester

Oct

John Hawkins begins second trip to America

1565

Mar

Spanish occupier Estacio de Sa founds Rio de Janeiro

Jul

Mary Queen of Scots marries her cousin, Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley

Aug

Oldest city in the U.S., St. Augustine Fla, established

Sep

First permanent settlement in U.S. forms (St. Augustine, Florida)

Spaniards capture Fort Caroline in Florida and massacre the French

Nov

Pope Pius IV publishes degree Professi fidei

1566

Jan

Antonio "Michele" Ghislieri is elected Pope Pius V

Michaele Ghislieri is elected Pope Pius V

Feb

St. Augustine, Florida founded

Apr

200 Brussel nobles offer Margaretha of Parma a petition

Aug

Beeldenstorm reaches Amsterdam

Land guardian Margaretha van Parma grants Calvinists rights

Dec

Spanish king Philip II names Fernando Alvarez, duke of Alva

1567

Mar

Battle of Oosterweel: Spanish troops destroy Geuzenleger

May

Mary, Queen of Scots marries James Hepburn, Earl of Bothwell

Jun

Genoa Italy expels Jews

Mary, Queen of Scots, imprisoned in Lochleven Castle prison Scotland

Jews are expelled from Brazil by order of regent Don Henrique

Jul

Mary Queen of Scots is forced to abdicate and 1-year-old James VI becomes King of Scotland

Oct

Duke of Alva becomes land guardian of Netherlands

Nov

Battle of St-Denis: French government army vs Huguenots

1568

Jan

Abdij Church in Middelburg destroyed by fire

In Netherlands, Duke of Alva declares William of Orange an outlaw

Feb

Holy Roman Emperor agrees to pay tribute to the Sultan for peace

Mar

Peace of Longjumeau: French huguenots go on strike

May

Mary Queen of Scots is defeated by English at battle of Langside

Mary Queen of Scotland flees to England

English queen Elizabeth I arrests Scottish queen Mary

Jul

Dean of St. Paul's Cathedral perfects a way to bottle beer

Oct

Second Altenburger sermon: Philippisten/Gnesiolutheranen

Dec

Uprising of Moriscos in Granada

1569

Jan

First recorded lottery in England is drawn in St. Paul's Cathedral

Feb

King Philip II forms inquistion in South America

Mar

Battle of Jarnac, Count of Anjou defeats Huguenots

Jul

Latvia Parliament accept Union of Lublin, incorporate into Poland

Aug

Pope Pius names Cosimo I de' Medici, grand duke of Toscane

Oct

Duke of Norfolk arrested

Battle of Moncontour: Duke of Anjou beats Huguenots

Nov

Catholic uprising under Northumberland and Westmoreland

Duke of Alva forces bishop Nicolaas van Nieuwland of Haarlem to resign

1570

Jan

Spanish viceroy Alva banishes Zutphen City's only physician, Joost Sweiter, "because he is a Jew"

Tsar Ivan the terrible kills 1000-2000 residents of Novgorod

Earl of Moray, regent of Scotland, assassinated -- civil war breaks out

Feb

Pius V excommunicates Elizabeth, absolves her subjects from allegiance

Mar

King Philip II bans foreign Dutch students

Apr

Polish Calvinists/Lutherians/Hernhutters unify against Jesuits