a Danish neoclassical and royal history painter, sculptor, architect, and professor of painting, mythology, and anatomy at the New Royal Danish Academy of Art in Copenhagen, Denmark. Many of his works were in the royal Christiansborg Palace (some destroyed by fire 1794), Fredensborg Palace, and Levetzau Palace at Amalienborg. Abildgaard had studied at the Ac...

a Danish neoclassical and royal history painter, sculptor, architect, and professor of painting, mythology, and anatomy at the New Royal Danish Academy of Art in Copenhagen, Denmark. Many of his works were in the royal Christiansborg Palace (some destroyed by fire 1794), Fredensborg Palace, and Levetzau Palace at Amalienborg. Abildgaard had studied at the Academy from 1764 to 1767, then worked there as apprentice, and moved to Rome in 1772–1777, where he studied sculpture, architecture, decoration, frescoes (at Palazzo Farnese) and murals. He returned to the Academy in Copenhagen, promoted to professor in 1778, and elected as Academy Director during 1789–1791 and 1801–1809. He was also assigned as a royal artist/decorator during 1780 to 1805. Abildgaard was married twice, in 1781 and 1803.

noted for his works on and in various churches of Brazil. Within a very short time he had become a noted architect himself and had designed and constructed the Chapel of the Third Order of St. Francis of Assisi in Ouro Preto. He had also executed the carvings on the building, the most notable being a round bas-relief depicting St. Francis receiving the stigm...

noted for his works on and in various churches of Brazil. Within a very short time he had become a noted architect himself and had designed and constructed the Chapel of the Third Order of St. Francis of Assisi in Ouro Preto. He had also executed the carvings on the building, the most notable being a round bas-relief depicting St. Francis receiving the stigmata.

a Venetian Dalmatian architect and sculptor born in Durazzo (Albania Veneta), considered one of the most distinguished artists of Dalmatia. Alessi was born in Durazzo (modern Durrës, Albania) in Albania Veneta, and may have been of local Albanian origin rather than Italian. Other sources say he was of Italian origin. He moved to Split in Dalmatia during the...

a Venetian Dalmatian architect and sculptor born in Durazzo (Albania Veneta), considered one of the most distinguished artists of Dalmatia. Alessi was born in Durazzo (modern Durrës, Albania) in Albania Veneta, and may have been of local Albanian origin rather than Italian. Other sources say he was of Italian origin. He moved to Split in Dalmatia during the Republic of Venice, where he studied under sculptor Mark Troja. He lived most of his life and conducted much of his work in Dalmatia. Alessi was a disciple of Giorgio da Sebenico.

a well-known French designer of architecture, ornament, furniture, metalwork and other decorative designs during the 16th century, and the founder of the Androuet du Cerceau family. He introduced Renaissance architecture to France with the assistance of Pierre Lesco...

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a well-known French designer of architecture, ornament, furniture, metalwork and other decorative designs during the 16th century, and the founder of the Androuet du Cerceau family. He introduced Renaissance architecture to France with the assistance of Pierre Lescot, Philibert de l'Orme and Jean Bullant. Though he was referred to by contemporaries as architecte and was even appointed architecte du roi, he is remembered especially for his suites of engravings produced from 1549 (beginning with a suite of Triumphal arches) from his printshop in Orléans.

a carpenter by trade and there is some reference to his being an architect. He was born in Blanzay, France and his death occurred at Quebec, Lower Canada. Jean arrived at Quebec on August 30, 1741 on the same ship as Bishop Henri-Marie Dubreil d...

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a carpenter by trade and there is some reference to his being an architect. He was born in Blanzay, France and his death occurred at Quebec, Lower Canada. Jean arrived at Quebec on August 30, 1741 on the same ship as Bishop Henri-Marie Dubreil de Pontbriand and may have received assistance from the bishop to train in his field of carpentry. It is certain that he received his training in New France and was considered to be skilled in the production of accurate plans.

both a wood carver and architect, following the tradition of the family. By 1815, Thomas had begun his career in earnest, and from then until 1848, he designed numerous buildings; churches, houses and other projects. During this period he trained a number of students. Among his apprentices was Charles Baillairgé, his cousin's nephew. He also did wood carvin...

both a wood carver and architect, following the tradition of the family. By 1815, Thomas had begun his career in earnest, and from then until 1848, he designed numerous buildings; churches, houses and other projects. During this period he trained a number of students. Among his apprentices was Charles Baillairgé, his cousin's nephew. He also did wood carving and some painting.

a painter, architect, sculptor and etcher, who was born and died in Madrid, Spain. His father, Antonio Herrera, was a sculptor; after teaching his son, Sebastiano was taught by Alonzo Cano. Like Cano, Herrera worked for Philip IV of Spain, among others in the nobi...

a painter, architect, sculptor and etcher, who was born and died in Madrid, Spain. His father, Antonio Herrera, was a sculptor; after teaching his son, Sebastiano was taught by Alonzo Cano. Like Cano, Herrera worked for Philip IV of Spain, among others in the nobility. His was held to be modest and deeply religious.

a Spanish painter, born at Consuegra. He was a scholar of Gaspare Becerra, and distinguished himself as an architect, as well as a painter. He was employed by Philip II in the Escorial, where he painted, in the principal cloister, the Resurrection, Christ appearing to the Apostles, the Descent of the Holy Ghost, and St. Paul preaching. In 1589 he was made pa...

a Spanish painter, born at Consuegra. He was a scholar of Gaspare Becerra, and distinguished himself as an architect, as well as a painter. He was employed by Philip II in the Escorial, where he painted, in the principal cloister, the Resurrection, Christ appearing to the Apostles, the Descent of the Holy Ghost, and St. Paul preaching. In 1589 he was made painter to the king. His compositions are copious, and his design correct. Cean Bermudez and Quilliet say that he failed sometimes in vigour and knowledge of chiaroscuro; but that his colour was that of Barocci, and his forms those of Correggio. He died at the Escorial.

an Italian architect and sculptor of the Renaissance period. He designed and helped build various structures including the Venetian Palazzo dei Camerlenghi (1525–1528) or the Portello Gate at Padua, built in 1519. The high altar in the church of San Salvador is attributed to him. He also executed the Sant'Anna Chapel in the church of Madonna della Grazia, ...

an Italian architect and sculptor of the Renaissance period. He designed and helped build various structures including the Venetian Palazzo dei Camerlenghi (1525–1528) or the Portello Gate at Padua, built in 1519. The high altar in the church of San Salvador is attributed to him. He also executed the Sant'Anna Chapel in the church of Madonna della Grazia, in the island of San Giorgio Maggiore.

a Flemish painter, architect, surveyor and cartographer. Blondeel was born in Poperinge, but established himself as an artist at Bruges. He became a member of the painters' guild in 1519. He primarily painted commissioned religious themed works for local churches. In 1550 Blondeel and more

a Flemish painter, architect, surveyor and cartographer. Blondeel was born in Poperinge, but established himself as an artist at Bruges. He became a member of the painters' guild in 1519. He primarily painted commissioned religious themed works for local churches. In 1550 Blondeel and Jan van Scorel were commissioned to restore Jan van Eyck's celebrated Ghent Altarpiece. He founded in 1549 two triumphal arches, commissioned by Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, based on the Roman style. He also designed a canal that linked Bruges to the sea, a project that greatly promoted Bruges trade. Blondeel died in Bruges.

an English sculptor, artist, Egyptologist and museum curator. From 1824 to 1826, he was a member of Hay's expedition to Egypt where he sketched many antiquities. No doubt influenced by his family's architectural associations, Bonomi designed the entrance to Abney Park Cemetery in Stoke Newington, London (in collaboration with William Hosking), built in Egypt...

an English sculptor, artist, Egyptologist and museum curator. From 1824 to 1826, he was a member of Hay's expedition to Egypt where he sketched many antiquities. No doubt influenced by his family's architectural associations, Bonomi designed the entrance to Abney Park Cemetery in Stoke Newington, London (in collaboration with William Hosking), built in Egyptian style with hieroglyphics signifying the Abode of the Mortal Part of Man. He also designed an Egyptian facade for John Marshall's Temple Works in Leeds (opened in 1841).

an Italian architect who was a leading figure in the emergence of Roman Baroque architecture. A keen student of the architecture of Michelangelo and the ruins of Antiquity, Borromini developed an inventive and distinctive, if somewhat idiosyncratic, architecture e...

an Italian architect who was a leading figure in the emergence of Roman Baroque architecture. A keen student of the architecture of Michelangelo and the ruins of Antiquity, Borromini developed an inventive and distinctive, if somewhat idiosyncratic, architecture employing manipulations of Classical architectural forms, geometrical rationales in his plans and symbolic meanings in his buildings.

a Dutch Golden Age architect and writer. He was active as an architect in England and Germany, before working on an almshouse for the city council of Nijmegen in 1640. Just as Hubertus Quellinus had done for the city hall in 1665, Bosboom published a small instructional booklet on architecture with engravings after Vincenzo Scamozzi entitled "Cort onderwys v...

a Dutch Golden Age architect and writer. He was active as an architect in England and Germany, before working on an almshouse for the city council of Nijmegen in 1640. Just as Hubertus Quellinus had done for the city hall in 1665, Bosboom published a small instructional booklet on architecture with engravings after Vincenzo Scamozzi entitled "Cort onderwys van de Vyf Colommen"; or Short instruction on the five columns (Doric, Ionic, Corinthian, Tuscan, Composite). His book earned him an honorary place in Cornelis de Bie's book of artists.

an Italian painter and architect, mainly active in his native Milan; a follower of Bramante, from whom he takes his nickname. In 1508 he was engaged in Rome. Donato Bramante taught Bramantino architecture, and the pupil assisted the master in the execution of the interior of the church of Santa Maria presso San Satiro, Milan. In 1525 Bramantino was appointed...

an Italian painter and architect, mainly active in his native Milan; a follower of Bramante, from whom he takes his nickname. In 1508 he was engaged in Rome. Donato Bramante taught Bramantino architecture, and the pupil assisted the master in the execution of the interior of the church of Santa Maria presso San Satiro, Milan. In 1525 Bramantino was appointed architect to the court by Duke Francis (II) Sforza.

an English landscape architect. He is remembered as "the last of the great English 18th-century artists to be accorded his due" and "England's greatest gardener". He designed over 170 parks, many of which still endure. He was nicknamed "Capability" because he would tell his clients that their property had "capability" for improvement. His influence was so gr...

an English landscape architect. He is remembered as "the last of the great English 18th-century artists to be accorded his due" and "England's greatest gardener". He designed over 170 parks, many of which still endure. He was nicknamed "Capability" because he would tell his clients that their property had "capability" for improvement. His influence was so great that the contributions to the English garden made by his predecessors Charles Bridgeman and William Kent are often overlooked; even Kent's champion Horace Walpole allowed that Kent "was succeeded by a very able master".

a French architect best known as the designer of the Hôtel des Invalides, Paris, now dominated by the dome erected by Jules Hardouin Mansart, his collaborator in earlier stages of the construction. A comparison of Bruant's central entrance to the Invalides, under an arched cornice packed with military trophies with Mansart's Eglise du Dome, gives a clear id...

a French architect best known as the designer of the Hôtel des Invalides, Paris, now dominated by the dome erected by Jules Hardouin Mansart, his collaborator in earlier stages of the construction. A comparison of Bruant's central entrance to the Invalides, under an arched cornice packed with military trophies with Mansart's Eglise du Dome, gives a clear idea of the difference between Bruant's High Baroque and Hardouin-Mansart's restrained and somewhat academic Late Baroque.

a Russian artist associated with Russian Neoclassicism. Alexander Brullov spent eight years abroad, from 1822 to 1830, in Italy, Germany and France, studying architecture and art. He painted many watercolor portraits at that time. Among the best were those of Yekaterina Pavlovna Bakunina, John Capodistria, Natalya Goncharova-Pushkina, wife of the Russian poe...

a Russian artist associated with Russian Neoclassicism. Alexander Brullov spent eight years abroad, from 1822 to 1830, in Italy, Germany and France, studying architecture and art. He painted many watercolor portraits at that time. Among the best were those of Yekaterina Pavlovna Bakunina, John Capodistria, Natalya Goncharova-Pushkina, wife of the Russian poet Alexander Pushkin and Yekaterina Ivanovna Zagryazhskaya, her aunt. He also did illustrations for books and magazines. In 1831, after his return to Russia, he was appointed professor at the Imperial Academy of Arts and these were the years when he created his best architectural projects.

an early American architect, and has been regarded by many as the first native-born American to practice architecture as a profession. Bulfinch split his career between his native Boston, Massachusetts, and Washington, DC, where he served as Commissioner of Public Building and built the intermediate United States Capitol rotunda and dome. His works are notab...

an early American architect, and has been regarded by many as the first native-born American to practice architecture as a profession. Bulfinch split his career between his native Boston, Massachusetts, and Washington, DC, where he served as Commissioner of Public Building and built the intermediate United States Capitol rotunda and dome. His works are notable for their simplicity, balance, and good taste, and as the origin of a distinctive Federal style of classical domes, columns, and ornament that dominated early 19th-century American architecture.

a French architect and sculptor who built the tombs of Anne de Montmorency, Grand Connétable of France, Henri II, and Catherine de' Medici. He also worked on the Tuileries, the Louvre, and the Château d'Écouen. Bullant was a Huguenot. On his return in ...

a French architect and sculptor who built the tombs of Anne de Montmorency, Grand Connétable of France, Henri II, and Catherine de' Medici. He also worked on the Tuileries, the Louvre, and the Château d'Écouen. Bullant was a Huguenot. On his return in 1537 from a study in Rome, Bullant worked for Montmorency, for whom he transformed the Château d'Écouen about 1550, built the "petit château" at Chantilly, and modernized the Château de Fère-en-Tardenois, with its splendid bridge. He took up the ongoing works at the Tuileries upon the death of Philibert Delorme (1570), and was appointed a royal architect, (1571–78).

a Spanish painter, architect and sculptor. He was made first royal architect, painter to Philip IV, and instructor to the prince, Balthasar Charles, Prince of Asturias. He was notorious for his ungovernable temper; and it is said that once he risked his life by com...

a Spanish painter, architect and sculptor. He was made first royal architect, painter to Philip IV, and instructor to the prince, Balthasar Charles, Prince of Asturias. He was notorious for his ungovernable temper; and it is said that once he risked his life by committing the then capital offence of dashing to pieces the statue of a saint, when in a rage with the purchaser who begrudged the price he demanded.

an Italian painter and architect of the late Mannerist and early Baroque period, trained and active in his early career in Florence, and spending the last nine years of his life in Rome. He was one of the most influential artists in 17th-century Florence. Cigoli's fame and influence, even prior to coming to Rome, was of such a degree that the Florentine amba...

an Italian painter and architect of the late Mannerist and early Baroque period, trained and active in his early career in Florence, and spending the last nine years of his life in Rome. He was one of the most influential artists in 17th-century Florence. Cigoli's fame and influence, even prior to coming to Rome, was of such a degree that the Florentine ambassador to the city greeted the artist on his arrival to the Eternal City.

a Spanish painter, poet, and architect. He was in Rome in February 1559, engaged in conducting certain negotiations for the Archbishop Carranza de Miranda, of Toledo, who then stood charged with heresy before the Inquisition of Valladolid. He remained in Italy for over 20 years and built a reputation as an artist. His only surviving works from that period ar...

a Spanish painter, poet, and architect. He was in Rome in February 1559, engaged in conducting certain negotiations for the Archbishop Carranza de Miranda, of Toledo, who then stood charged with heresy before the Inquisition of Valladolid. He remained in Italy for over 20 years and built a reputation as an artist. His only surviving works from that period are the frescoes he painted in the Bonfili chapel at the Santa Trinità dei Monti church in Rome. He returned to Spain in 1577, and was appointed as the canon of the Córdoba cathedral. He continued to write books on antiquarian topics such as the architecture of the temple of Solomon.

an American architect who served as Architect of the Capitol from 1865 to 1902. While still in his late teens, Clark was apprenticed to the nationally known Philadelphia architect Thomas U. Walter. While an apprentice, he helped Walter design and plan the buil...

an American architect who served as Architect of the Capitol from 1865 to 1902. While still in his late teens, Clark was apprenticed to the nationally known Philadelphia architect Thomas U. Walter. While an apprentice, he helped Walter design and plan the buildings for Girard College.

a Flemish painter, sculptor, architect, author and designer of woodcuts, stained glass and tapestries. His principal subjects were Christian religious themes. He worked in Antwerp and Brussels and was appointed court painter to Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor. Coecke...

a Flemish painter, sculptor, architect, author and designer of woodcuts, stained glass and tapestries. His principal subjects were Christian religious themes. He worked in Antwerp and Brussels and was appointed court painter to Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor. Coecke van Aelst was a polyglot. He published translations of Ancient Roman and modern Italian architectural treatises into Flemish (Dutch), French and German. These publications played a crucial role in spreading Renaissance ideas to the Low Countries. They contributed to the transition in Northern Europe from the late Gothic style then prevalent towards a modern 'antique-oriented' architecture.

a Dutch painter and architect. He excelled as a portrait painter, and was the most in-demand portrait painter in the Netherlands until the 1630s. In addition to portraits, he also executed some historical and mythological pictures, such as the Theseus and Ariadne in the Amsterdam town hall, now the Royal Palace. De Keyser also worked as an architect. From 16...

a Dutch painter and architect. He excelled as a portrait painter, and was the most in-demand portrait painter in the Netherlands until the 1630s. In addition to portraits, he also executed some historical and mythological pictures, such as the Theseus and Ariadne in the Amsterdam town hall, now the Royal Palace. De Keyser also worked as an architect. From 1662 until his death in 1667 he oversaw construction of the new Amsterdam town hall, now Royal Palace.

a French architect, one of the great masters of the French Renaissance; also wrote two books on architecture. Much of his work has disappeared, but his fame remains. An ardent humanist and student of the antique, he yet vindicated resolutely the French tradition in opposition to Italian tendencies; he was a man of independent mind and a vigorous originality....

a French architect, one of the great masters of the French Renaissance; also wrote two books on architecture. Much of his work has disappeared, but his fame remains. An ardent humanist and student of the antique, he yet vindicated resolutely the French tradition in opposition to Italian tendencies; he was a man of independent mind and a vigorous originality.

a Flemish Baroque painter, architect, engineer, astronomer, and art dealer who was part of the inner circle of Peter Paul Rubens. It is believed that he became a pupil of Rubens between 1598 (the year in which Rubens became a master) and 1600. He possibly studied under another master before becoming Rubens’ pupil. He also worked as an architect and militar...

a Flemish Baroque painter, architect, engineer, astronomer, and art dealer who was part of the inner circle of Peter Paul Rubens. It is believed that he became a pupil of Rubens between 1598 (the year in which Rubens became a master) and 1600. He possibly studied under another master before becoming Rubens’ pupil. He also worked as an architect and military engineer for King Philip III of Spain.

a British architect, most of whose work was on country houses and their estates, especially those belonging to the Rothschild family. The second son of Frederick and Ann Devey, he was born and educated in London. After leaving school he studied art, under John Sell Cotman and James Duffield Harding with an ambition to become a professional artist, but later ...

a British architect, most of whose work was on country houses and their estates, especially those belonging to the Rothschild family. The second son of Frederick and Ann Devey, he was born and educated in London. After leaving school he studied art, under John Sell Cotman and James Duffield Harding with an ambition to become a professional artist, but later trained as an architect.

a Belgian architect of Walloon origin. He is considered the most influential architect in the Austrian Netherlands (present-day Belgium) from the second half of the 18th-century. His architectural projects are of international stature and introduced a neoclassical style with Italian and English influences to the region. He designed a large number of château...

a Belgian architect of Walloon origin. He is considered the most influential architect in the Austrian Netherlands (present-day Belgium) from the second half of the 18th-century. His architectural projects are of international stature and introduced a neoclassical style with Italian and English influences to the region. He designed a large number of châteaux, abbeys and churches in Belgium, many of which were damaged after the French Revolution.

a 19th-century English architect in the neoclassical tradition. He became the most noted architect in the North of England. Churches and houses by him dot the North East - Nunnykirk Hall, Meldon Park, Mitford Hall, Lilburn Tower, St John the Baptist Church in Otterburn, Northumberland, and Beaufront Castle among them. During his career he designed more than ...

a 19th-century English architect in the neoclassical tradition. He became the most noted architect in the North of England. Churches and houses by him dot the North East - Nunnykirk Hall, Meldon Park, Mitford Hall, Lilburn Tower, St John the Baptist Church in Otterburn, Northumberland, and Beaufront Castle among them. During his career he designed more than 50 churches and 100 private houses. However, he is best known for designing Newcastle Central Station and for his work with Richard Grainger developing the centre of Newcastle in a neoclassical style.

an Italian Baroque painter of the Bolognese or Carracci School of painters. Domenichino's work, developed principally from Raphael's and the Carracci's examples, mirrors the theoretical ideas of his friend Giovanni Battista Agucchi, with whom the painter collaborated on a Treatise on Painting. With the election of a Bolognese pope (Gregory XV) in 1621, Domen...

an Italian Baroque painter of the Bolognese or Carracci School of painters. Domenichino's work, developed principally from Raphael's and the Carracci's examples, mirrors the theoretical ideas of his friend Giovanni Battista Agucchi, with whom the painter collaborated on a Treatise on Painting. With the election of a Bolognese pope (Gregory XV) in 1621, Domenichino returned to Rome. Appointed Papal Architect (he built little but left drawings for various projects, most notably for the façade of Sant'Andrea della Valle and for the plan of Sant'Ignazio, both in Rome), he nonetheless continued to be most active as a painter, obtaining many commissions for altarpieces in Roman churches

a Scottish architect who designed and reformed several country houses in the Scottish Lowlands. His most notable works are Killin and Ardeonaig Church, Stirlingshire (1744); Kilmahew Castle, Argyll and Bute (attributed, 1744); Archerfield House, East Lothian (1745); Wardhouse (Gordonhall), Insch, Aberdeenshire (1757); and Campbeltown Town House, Argyll and B...

a Scottish architect who designed and reformed several country houses in the Scottish Lowlands. His most notable works are Killin and Ardeonaig Church, Stirlingshire (1744); Kilmahew Castle, Argyll and Bute (attributed, 1744); Archerfield House, East Lothian (1745); Wardhouse (Gordonhall), Insch, Aberdeenshire (1757); and Campbeltown Town House, Argyll and Bute (1758–60).

a prominent New York architect best known for his work on the New York State Capitol (Albany, New York, 1876–1881), as well as "Iranistan" (1848), P. T. Barnum's house in Bridgeport, Connecticut; St. Peter's Church, on Westchester Avenue at St. Peter's Avenue in...

a prominent New York architect best known for his work on the New York State Capitol (Albany, New York, 1876–1881), as well as "Iranistan" (1848), P. T. Barnum's house in Bridgeport, Connecticut; St. Peter's Church, on Westchester Avenue at St. Peter's Avenue in the Bronx (1853); the Brooklyn Academy of Music on Montague Street in Brooklyn (1861, destroyed by fire 1903); the former Temple Emanu-El (New York, 1866–68, destroyed 1927); the Broadway Tabernacle (1859, demolished about 1907); the completion of the Tweed Courthouse (1876–81); and the Park Presbyterian Chapel on West 86th Street and Amsterdam Avenue.

a Danish architect, introduced and was the leading proponent of the French rococo style in Danish architecture during the 1730s-1740s. He designed and built some of the most prominent buildings of his time, a number of which still stand to this day. He also played an important role in the establishment of the Royal Danish Academy of Art (Det Kongelige Danske...

a Danish architect, introduced and was the leading proponent of the French rococo style in Danish architecture during the 1730s-1740s. He designed and built some of the most prominent buildings of his time, a number of which still stand to this day. He also played an important role in the establishment of the Royal Danish Academy of Art (Det Kongelige Danske Kunstakademi), and was its first native-born leader.

an English architect. Emlyn published A Proposition for a new Order in Architecture, with rules for drawing the several parts, London, 1781 (2nd and 3rd editions, 1784). George III assigned to Emlyn some alterations in St. George's Chapel, Windsor, which wer...

an English architect. Emlyn published A Proposition for a new Order in Architecture, with rules for drawing the several parts, London, 1781 (2nd and 3rd editions, 1784). George III assigned to Emlyn some alterations in St. George's Chapel, Windsor, which were executed (1787–90) entirely after his designs, and preserved a due harmony with the original work.

a Bulgarian National Revival architect, builder and sculptor. Some of his notable works include the Byala Bridge over the Yantra River close to Byala (1865-1867), the Covered Bridge in Lovech over the Osam (1872-1874), churches in his native town, as well as in Svishtov (Church of the Holy Trinity, 1867) and Veliko Tarnovo (1844), where he also designed a nu...

a Bulgarian National Revival architect, builder and sculptor. Some of his notable works include the Byala Bridge over the Yantra River close to Byala (1865-1867), the Covered Bridge in Lovech over the Osam (1872-1874), churches in his native town, as well as in Svishtov (Church of the Holy Trinity, 1867) and Veliko Tarnovo (1844), where he also designed a number of houses and public buildings.

an Austrian architect, sculptor, and architectural historian whose Baroque architecture profoundly influenced and shaped the tastes of the Habsburg Empire. His influential book A Plan of Civil and Historical Architecture (1721) was one of the first and most popular comparative studies of world architecture. His major works include Schönbrunn Palace, Karlski...

an Austrian architect, sculptor, and architectural historian whose Baroque architecture profoundly influenced and shaped the tastes of the Habsburg Empire. His influential book A Plan of Civil and Historical Architecture (1721) was one of the first and most popular comparative studies of world architecture. His major works include Schönbrunn Palace, Karlskirche, and the Austrian National Library in Vienna, and Schloss Klessheim, Holy Trinity Church, and the Collegiate Church in Salzburg.

an Italian engineer and architect who designed many military and theatrical buildings. He had an adventurous life and a multifaceted personality as he was also a man of arms and a literary figure. Floriani is a key figure in his native town of Macerata and throughout the region of the Marche due to his multifaceted personality which is revealed in two of his...

an Italian engineer and architect who designed many military and theatrical buildings. He had an adventurous life and a multifaceted personality as he was also a man of arms and a literary figure. Floriani is a key figure in his native town of Macerata and throughout the region of the Marche due to his multifaceted personality which is revealed in two of his annotated manuscripts from the Compagnoni Floriani di Macerata with sketches of theatrical scenes. He is also widely remembered as an architect for designing the Floriana Lines and being the namesake of Floriana.

a neoclassical French architect, interior decorator and designer. Starting in 1794 Fontaine worked in such close partnership with Charles Percier, originally his friend from student days, that it is difficult to distinguish their work. Together they were inventors and major proponents of the rich and grand, consciously archaeological versions of neoclassicis...

a neoclassical French architect, interior decorator and designer. Starting in 1794 Fontaine worked in such close partnership with Charles Percier, originally his friend from student days, that it is difficult to distinguish their work. Together they were inventors and major proponents of the rich and grand, consciously archaeological versions of neoclassicism we recognize as Directoire style and Empire style.

the most prominent French architect of his generation. His sober rationality in planning and detail promoted the transition from Rococo to Neoclassicism. For forty years, Gabriel supplied all designs not only for exterior construction and also for the constant remodeling of interiors at Versailles. His Petit Trianon at Versailles is one of the gems of French...

the most prominent French architect of his generation. His sober rationality in planning and detail promoted the transition from Rococo to Neoclassicism. For forty years, Gabriel supplied all designs not only for exterior construction and also for the constant remodeling of interiors at Versailles. His Petit Trianon at Versailles is one of the gems of French Classicism.

a Maltese baroque architect. He worked on the church of St. Paul, Rabat (1664–1683); Sarria church in Floriana in 1676 and the Carmelite church, in Mdina (1668–1672) and had worked on various structures in Valletta by 1680. He designed a great number of other cathedrals in the 1680s and 1690s such as St. Catherine in ?ejtun beginning in 1692 and in 1699 ...

a Maltese baroque architect. He worked on the church of St. Paul, Rabat (1664–1683); Sarria church in Floriana in 1676 and the Carmelite church, in Mdina (1668–1672) and had worked on various structures in Valletta by 1680. He designed a great number of other cathedrals in the 1680s and 1690s such as St. Catherine in ?ejtun beginning in 1692 and in 1699 Our Lady of Victory in Valletta.

a French architect, perhaps best known as the architect of the Palais Garnier and the Opéra de Monte-Carlo. Garnier's works represent a Neo-Baroque-inspired style, popular during the Beaux-Arts period in France. He was influenced by the Italianate styles of Renaissance artisans such as Palladio, Sansovino, and more

a French architect, perhaps best known as the architect of the Palais Garnier and the Opéra de Monte-Carlo. Garnier's works represent a Neo-Baroque-inspired style, popular during the Beaux-Arts period in France. He was influenced by the Italianate styles of Renaissance artisans such as Palladio, Sansovino, and Michelangelo, perhaps the result of his many visits to Greece and Rome during his lifetime.

a French Renaissance sculptor and architect. His most famous works are the sculptural decorations made in collaboration with Lescot for the western extension of the Louvre, 1555-62. A fine representative of Mannerism in France, Goujon's figures are elongated, sensual and fluid; his drapery work reveals knowledge of Greek sculpture, though certainly not at fi...

a French Renaissance sculptor and architect. His most famous works are the sculptural decorations made in collaboration with Lescot for the western extension of the Louvre, 1555-62. A fine representative of Mannerism in France, Goujon's figures are elongated, sensual and fluid; his drapery work reveals knowledge of Greek sculpture, though certainly not at first hand.

an Italian architect of the Piedmontese Baroque and Theatine priest, mathematician, and writer. He wrote four mathematical books in both Latin and Italian, of which Euclides adauctus is a work on descriptive geometry. In 1665, he published a mathematical-philosophical tract Placita Philosophica defending the geocentric universe against more

an Italian architect of the Piedmontese Baroque and Theatine priest, mathematician, and writer. He wrote four mathematical books in both Latin and Italian, of which Euclides adauctus is a work on descriptive geometry. In 1665, he published a mathematical-philosophical tract Placita Philosophica defending the geocentric universe against Nicolaus Copernicus and Galileo Galilei. He also designed a large number of public and private buildings in Turin

a prolific English architect working principally in the Gothic Revival style. He invented the Hansom cab and founded the eminent architectural journal, The Builder, in 1843. He took a post as assistant to John Oates and there befriended Edward Welch, with whom he formed his first architectural partnership in 1828. On 23 December 1834 he registered the design...

a prolific English architect working principally in the Gothic Revival style. He invented the Hansom cab and founded the eminent architectural journal, The Builder, in 1843. He took a post as assistant to John Oates and there befriended Edward Welch, with whom he formed his first architectural partnership in 1828. On 23 December 1834 he registered the design of a 'Patent Safety Cab' on the suggestion of his employer.

a French architect whose work is generally considered to be the apex of French Baroque architecture, representing the power and grandeur of Louis XIV. Hardouin-Mansart was one of the most important European architects of the seventeenth century. Born Jules Hardouin...

a French architect whose work is generally considered to be the apex of French Baroque architecture, representing the power and grandeur of Louis XIV. Hardouin-Mansart was one of the most important European architects of the seventeenth century. Born Jules Hardouin in Paris, he studied under his renowned great-uncle François Mansart, one of the originators of the classical tradition in French architecture; Hardouin inherited Mansart's collection of plans and drawings and adopted his well-regarded name.

an English architect. Philip Charles Hardwick was born in Westminster in London, the son of the architect Philip Hardwick (1792–1870) and grandson of architect Thomas Hardwick (junior) (1752–1825). Hardwick trained under his father and also Edward Blore. He exhibited regularly at the Royal Academy between 1848 and 1854. His best known work was the Great ...

an English architect. Philip Charles Hardwick was born in Westminster in London, the son of the architect Philip Hardwick (1792–1870) and grandson of architect Thomas Hardwick (junior) (1752–1825). Hardwick trained under his father and also Edward Blore. He exhibited regularly at the Royal Academy between 1848 and 1854. His best known work was the Great Hall of London's Euston railway station (opened on 27 May 1849).

a British architect and a founding member of the Architects' Club in 1791. The Hardwicks were one of the finest architectural families during the 19th century. In 1769, aged 17, he enrolled at the new Royal Academy Schools, where he studied architecture under Sir William Chambers, for whom he later worked during the construction of Somerset House. During his...

a British architect and a founding member of the Architects' Club in 1791. The Hardwicks were one of the finest architectural families during the 19th century. In 1769, aged 17, he enrolled at the new Royal Academy Schools, where he studied architecture under Sir William Chambers, for whom he later worked during the construction of Somerset House. During his first year at the Royal Academy he won the silver medal in architecture, and from 1772 to 1805 he exhibited there.

a colonial American architect who was born in York, England and emigrated to Rhode Island. Peter Harrison returned to England between 1743 and 1745 and received his formal training as an architect under the direction of one of the English Lords who had dedicated themselves to the training of architects through private studio-schools using pattern books, gran...

a colonial American architect who was born in York, England and emigrated to Rhode Island. Peter Harrison returned to England between 1743 and 1745 and received his formal training as an architect under the direction of one of the English Lords who had dedicated themselves to the training of architects through private studio-schools using pattern books, grand tours of Italy and Greece and through applied skills, teaching their students to become expert draftsmen.

an English architect. He was a leading figure of the English Baroque style of architecture in the late-seventeenth and early-eighteenth centuries. Hawksmoor worked alongside the principal architects of the time, Christopher Wren and John Vanbrugh, and contributed to the design of some of the most notable buildings of the period, including St Paul's Cathedral...

an English architect. He was a leading figure of the English Baroque style of architecture in the late-seventeenth and early-eighteenth centuries. Hawksmoor worked alongside the principal architects of the time, Christopher Wren and John Vanbrugh, and contributed to the design of some of the most notable buildings of the period, including St Paul's Cathedral, Wren's City of London churches, Blenheim Palace and Castle Howard.

a Spanish architect, mathematician and geometrician. One of the most outstanding Spanish architects in the 16th century, Herrera represents the peak of the Renaissance in Spain. His sober style was fully developed in buildings like the Monastery of San Lorenzo de El Escorial. The Herrerian style was named after him, and was representative of the architecture...

a Spanish architect, mathematician and geometrician. One of the most outstanding Spanish architects in the 16th century, Herrera represents the peak of the Renaissance in Spain. His sober style was fully developed in buildings like the Monastery of San Lorenzo de El Escorial. The Herrerian style was named after him, and was representative of the architecture of the Spanish Empire of Philip II and his Austrian successors.

an Irish architect, best known for designing the White House in Washington, D.C. He excelled in his studies and received the prestigious Duke of Leinster's medal for drawings of "Brackets, Stairs, and Roofs." from the Dublin Society in 1780. Later, Hoban found a position as an apprentice to Ivory, from 1779 to 1785. Following the American Revolutionary War, ...

an Irish architect, best known for designing the White House in Washington, D.C. He excelled in his studies and received the prestigious Duke of Leinster's medal for drawings of "Brackets, Stairs, and Roofs." from the Dublin Society in 1780. Later, Hoban found a position as an apprentice to Ivory, from 1779 to 1785. Following the American Revolutionary War, Hoban emigrated to the United States, and established himself as an architect in Philadelphia in 1785.

an English natural philosopher, architect and polymath. His adult life comprised three distinct periods: as a scientific inquirer lacking money; achieving great wealth and standing through his reputation for hard work and scrupulous honesty following the great fire of 1666, but eventually becoming ill and party to jealous intellectual disputes. These issues ...

an English natural philosopher, architect and polymath. His adult life comprised three distinct periods: as a scientific inquirer lacking money; achieving great wealth and standing through his reputation for hard work and scrupulous honesty following the great fire of 1666, but eventually becoming ill and party to jealous intellectual disputes. These issues may have contributed to his relative historical obscurity. He was also an important architect of his time – though few of his buildings now survive and some of those are generally misattributed – and was instrumental in devising a set of planning controls for London whose influence remains today.

an American Founding Father, the principal author of the Declaration of Independence (1776), and the third President of the United States (1801–1809). He was an ardent proponent of democracy and embraced the principles of republicanism and the rights of the individual. At the beginning of the American Revolution, he represented Virginia in the Continental ...

an American Founding Father, the principal author of the Declaration of Independence (1776), and the third President of the United States (1801–1809). He was an ardent proponent of democracy and embraced the principles of republicanism and the rights of the individual. At the beginning of the American Revolution, he represented Virginia in the Continental Congress, and then served as a wartime Governor of Virginia (1779–1781). In May 1785, he became the United States Minister to France and later the first United States Secretary of State, (1790–1793), serving under President George Washington. At the formation of the First Party System in 1792–1793, Jefferson and James Madison, organized the Democratic-Republican Party in opposition to Alexander Hamilton's Federalist Party. He was elected the second Vice President in 1796 in the administration of President John Adams[2]. Jefferson secretly wrote the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions in 1798-1799, which attempted to nullify the Alien and Sedition Acts passed by the Federalist-controlled United States Congress.

an English architect particularly noted for his work as Architect and Surveyor to the City of London from 1864 until his death. In 1843 he commenced practice as an architect at 16 Furnival's Inn, Holborn. Beginning with Cardiff Town Hall (c. 1850-53) and Caversham Park (from c. 1850), he designed and carried out many buildings of importance, soon concentrati...

an English architect particularly noted for his work as Architect and Surveyor to the City of London from 1864 until his death. In 1843 he commenced practice as an architect at 16 Furnival's Inn, Holborn. Beginning with Cardiff Town Hall (c. 1850-53) and Caversham Park (from c. 1850), he designed and carried out many buildings of importance, soon concentrating on London.

An eminent English architect, landscape architect and furniture designer of the early 18th century. Kent introduced the Palladian style of architecture into England with the villa at Chiswick House, and for originating the 'natural' style of gardening known as the English landscape garden at Chiswick, Stowe House in Buckinghamshire, and Rousham House in Oxfo...

An eminent English architect, landscape architect and furniture designer of the early 18th century. Kent introduced the Palladian style of architecture into England with the villa at Chiswick House, and for originating the 'natural' style of gardening known as the English landscape garden at Chiswick, Stowe House in Buckinghamshire, and Rousham House in Oxfordshire.

a Persian painter and architect, active between 1810 and 1850 in Tehran. He received his apprenticeship in the royal workshops. In 1839, he was appointed by the King of Persia, Mohammad Shah Qajar (d. 1848), as painter laureate, court architect and supervisor of the royal workshops. Khan's best known work is a mural covering three internal walls of the Nigar...

a Persian painter and architect, active between 1810 and 1850 in Tehran. He received his apprenticeship in the royal workshops. In 1839, he was appointed by the King of Persia, Mohammad Shah Qajar (d. 1848), as painter laureate, court architect and supervisor of the royal workshops. Khan's best known work is a mural covering three internal walls of the Nigaristan Palace in Tehran, including 118 life-size figures. An inscription at the bottom of the painting attributes it to Khan, dated 1812-13. He painted several full-length portraits of King Fat?h-Ali Shah Qajar (d. 1834). Khan was also imperial designer of Fat?h-Ali Shah's marble cenotaph in Qum.

a German neoclassicist architect, painter and writer. Court architect of Bavarian King Ludwig I, Leo von Klenze was one of the most prominent representatives of Greek revival style. In many of his paintings ancient buildings were depicted. Those served as models for his own architectural projects. Klenze studied ancient architecture during his travels to Ita...

a German neoclassicist architect, painter and writer. Court architect of Bavarian King Ludwig I, Leo von Klenze was one of the most prominent representatives of Greek revival style. In many of his paintings ancient buildings were depicted. Those served as models for his own architectural projects. Klenze studied ancient architecture during his travels to Italy and Greece. He also participated in excavations of ancient buildings in Athens and submitted projects for the restoration of the Acropolis.

a painter and architect in Prussia. Knobelsdorff was influenced as an architect by French Baroque Classicism and by Palladian architecture. With his interior design and the backing of the king, he created the basis for the Frederician Rococo style at Rheinsberg, which was the residence of the crown prince and later monarch. Already at 16 years of age he part...

a painter and architect in Prussia. Knobelsdorff was influenced as an architect by French Baroque Classicism and by Palladian architecture. With his interior design and the backing of the king, he created the basis for the Frederician Rococo style at Rheinsberg, which was the residence of the crown prince and later monarch. Already at 16 years of age he participated in a campaign against King Charles XII of Sweden, and in 1715 in the siege of Stralsund. While still a soldier he developed his artistic talents in self-study. After leaving military service he arranged to be trained in various painting techniques by the Prussian court painter Antoine Pesne, with whom he shared a lifelong friendship. Knobelsdorff also acquired additional expertise in geometry and anatomy. He saw his professional future in painting, and his pictures and drawings were always highly appreciated, even after the focus of his activities turned elsewhere.

a French-born American architect and civil engineer best known for designing the layout of the streets of Washington, D.C., the L'Enfant Plan. Despite his aristocratic origins, L'Enfant closely identified with the United States, changing his first name from Pierre to Peter. L'Enfant served on General more

a French-born American architect and civil engineer best known for designing the layout of the streets of Washington, D.C., the L'Enfant Plan. Despite his aristocratic origins, L'Enfant closely identified with the United States, changing his first name from Pierre to Peter. L'Enfant served on General George Washington's staff at Valley Forge. While there, Gilbert du Motier, the Marquis de Lafayette, commissioned L'Enfant to paint a portrait of Washington.

a notable Creole architect, engineer, city planner, and surveyor in New Orleans, Louisiana. He appears to have had a double life, as a respectable architect, engineer, and citizen; but also as a privateer, smuggler, and pirate. In later life his association with piracy, specifically with more

a notable Creole architect, engineer, city planner, and surveyor in New Orleans, Louisiana. He appears to have had a double life, as a respectable architect, engineer, and citizen; but also as a privateer, smuggler, and pirate. In later life his association with piracy, specifically with Jean Lafitte and Pierre Lafitte became public knowledge

a distinguished English architect of the early and mid-19th century. Born in London and based in Manchester, he was known in great part for his restrained and austere Greek-inspired classicism. He also designed a few buildings – mainly churches – in the Gothic style. He was also known for masterplanning and designing many of the houses in the exclusive V...

a distinguished English architect of the early and mid-19th century. Born in London and based in Manchester, he was known in great part for his restrained and austere Greek-inspired classicism. He also designed a few buildings – mainly churches – in the Gothic style. He was also known for masterplanning and designing many of the houses in the exclusive Victoria Park estate.