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When you've got a lot of people together, it makes sense to pick someone to be in charge. As exploration expanded, individuals were chosen to oversee colonies and settlements. This section highlights those men (and some women), as well as the leaders and attendant ruling class -- nobles, peerage, wannabes and hangers-on --back home.
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Cross-listed in Pirates

Takanobu Matsura

aka: Taqua Nombo
bornactivedied
15291540s-1560s1599, Apr 1
a 16th-century Japanese samurai and 25th hereditary lord of the Matsura clan of Hirado. He was one of the most powerful feudal lords of Kyushu and one of the first to allow trading with Europeans, particularly the Portuguese, through whom he amassed great profits in the import of western firearms. He was also an early host and patron to the Jesuits, who he h...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Clergy

Charles de Talleyrand

aka: Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord, Talleyrand-Perigord, Prince of Benevento, Prince of Talleyrand
borndied
1754, Feb 21838, May 17
a laicized French bishop, politician, and diplomat. After theology studies, he became in 1780 Agent-General of the Clergy and represented the Catholic Church to the French Crown. He worked at the highest levels of successive French governments, most commonly as foreign minister or in some other diplomatic capacity. His career spanned the regimes of Louis XVI...
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Timeline (1)Links (1)


Tamanend

aka: Tammany, Tammamend
bornactivedied
1628 ca1680s-1690s1701 ca
a chief of one of the clans that made up the Lenni-Lenape nation in the Delaware Valley at the time Philadelphia was established. Tamanend is best known as a lover of peace and friendship who played a prominent role in developing amicable relations among the Lenape and the English settlers who settled Pennsylvania, led by more
Links (1)


Tantamous

aka: Old Jethro, John Jethro
borndied
1580 ca1676
a well-known Native American Nipmuc leader in seventeenth century Massachusetts. Tantamous was a powwow (healer and spiritual leader) who lived near the Assabet River, later in Nobscot (now, Framingham). Tantamous "...may have gotten his English name for his good advice." In 1651, Tantamous transferred land in what is now Maynard to Herman Garrett, a residen...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Legal

Benjamin Tappan

bornactivedied
1773, May 251799-18571857, Apr 20
an Ohio judge and Democratic politician who served in the Ohio State Senate and the United States Senate. He was an early settler of the Connecticut Western Reserve in northeastern Ohio and was one of the first settlers in Portage County and the founder of the city of Ravenna, Ohio. Elected to the second Ohio State Senate, Tappan served from 1803 to 1804. He...
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Links (6)


Cross-listed in Military

Banastre Tarleton

aka: 1st Baronet
borndied
1754, Aug 211833, Jan 15
a British soldier and politician. Tarleton was eventually ranked as a general years after his service in the colonies during the American Revolutionary War, and afterwards did not lead troops into battle. Banastre Tarleton was known for his British military service in the American War of Independence, which started when Tarleton was twenty-one. As a military...
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Timeline (2)Links (1)


Juan de Tassis [1]

aka: 1st Count of Villamediana
borndied
1550 ca1607
a Spanish diplomat and official, awarded his title by king Felipe III of Spain in 1603, and the General Head of Spanish Post Offices. In June 1603, Tassis headed a Spanish-Flemish delegation which visited London to seek an end to the war with England which had begun in 1585. Elizabeth had recently died and her successor James I quickly sought to end the long...
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Timeline (1)Links (1)


Cross-listed in Commerce

George Taylor

bornactivedied
1716 ca1736-17811781, Feb 23
a Colonial ironmaster and a signer of the United States Declaration of Independence as a representative of Pennsylvania. In 1776, the Continental Congress voted for independence on July 2 and adopted the Declaration of Independence two days later, July 4. Before the vote for independence, five of Pennsylvania’s delegates, all loyalists, were forced to resi...
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Timeline (1)Links (1)Notes (1)


Cross-listed in Military

Zachary Taylor

bornactivedied
1784, Nov 241849-18501850, Jul 9
the 12th President of the United States, serving from March 1849 until his death in July 1850. Before his presidency, Taylor was a career officer in the United States Army, rising to the rank of major general.
Timeline (12)Links (17)Notes (2)


Tecumseh

bornactivedied
1768 ca1800s-18101813
a Native American leader of the Shawnee who attempted to organize a vast alliance of Native American tribes in the eastern United States during the early 19th century. Siding with Great Britain during the War of 1812, he led the Shawnee against the United States until his death at the Battle of the Thames.
Timeline (2)Links (16)


Tenskwatawa

aka: Lalawethika
bornactivedied
17751800s-1830s1834
a Native American religious and political leader of the Shawnee tribe, known as The Prophet or the Shawnee Prophet. He was a brother of Tecumseh, leader of the Shawnee. He was originally given the name Lalawethika (He Makes a Loud Noise or The Noise Maker). He denoun...
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Links (1)


Johannes Thedens

borndied
16801748, Mar 19
Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies from 6 November 1741 until 28 May 1743. Thedens, born in a largely Dutch settlement in Friedrichstadt, Schleswig, sailed on 17 December 1697 as a soldier aboard the Unie to the Dutch East Indies. In 1702 he was appointed to the post of 'Assistant' in the Dutch East India Company and in 1719, to 'Buyer' (koopman). H...
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Links (1)Notes (1)


Johan Thorbecke

borndied
1798, Jan 141872, Jun 4
a Dutch politician and statesman of liberal signature, one of the most important Dutch politicians of the 19th century. In 1848 he virtually single-handedly drafted the revision of the Constitution of the Netherlands, giving less power to the king, and more to the States General of the Netherlands.
Timeline (5)Links (1)


Cross-listed in Physicians

Matthew Thornton

bornactivedied
1713, Mar 171740s-17861803, Jun 24
a signer of the United States Declaration of Independence as a representative of New Hampshire. In 1716 Thornton's family emigrated to North America when he was three years old, settling first in Wiscasset, Maine. On July 11, 1722, the community was attacked by Native Americans. James and Elizabeth Thornton fled from their burning home with Matthew, moving s...
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Timeline (1)Links (1)Notes (1)


Thomas Thynne

borndied
1647/16481682, Feb 12
an English landowner of the family that is now headed by the Marquess of Bath and politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1670 to 1682. He went by the nickname "Tom of Ten Thousand" due to his great wealth. He was a friend of the Duke of Monmouth, a relationship referred to in John Dryden's satirical work Absalom and Achitophel where Thynne is descri...
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Links (1)


Tipu Sultan

aka: Sayyid walShareef Sultan Fateh Ali Khan Sahab Tipu, Tiger of Mysore, Tipu Sahib
bornactivedied
1750, Nov 101766-17991799, May 4
a ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore. He was the eldest son of Sultan Hyder Ali of Mysore. Tipu introduced a number of administrative innovations during his rule, including his coinage, a new Mauludi lunisolar calendar, and a new land revenue system which initiated the growth of Mysore silk industry. Tipu expanded the iron-cased Mysorean rockets and commissione...
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Timeline (2)Links (1)


Cross-listed in MilitaryNaval

Fadrique de Toledo

aka: Fadrique Álvarez de Toledo Osorio, 1st Marquis of Villanueva de Valdueza
borndied
1580, May 301634, Dec 11
a Spanish noble and admiral. He was a Knight of the Order of Santiago, a Spanish Admiral, and Captain General of the Spanish Navy at the age of 37. He gained several victories against the Dutch, in 1621 near Gibraltar and in 1623 in the English Channel, blockading the Dutch coast. In the same year he defeated a Moorish incursion near Gibraltar. In 1625 he wa...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Legal

Daniel D. Tompkins

borndied
1774, June 211825, Jun 11
an American politician. He was the fourth Governor of New York (1807–17), and the sixth Vice President of the United States (1817–25). A jurist by background, he was notable as one of the most enterprising governors in the War of 1812. To help organize the state militia, he often invested his own capital when the legislature would not approve the necessa...
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Links (1)Notes (1)


Cross-listed in PiratesCommerce

Nathaniel Tracy

borndied
1751, Aug 111796, Sep 20
a merchant and revolutionary privateer, was born in Newbury (later Newburyport), Massachusetts, the son of Captain Patrick Tracy, who emigrated from County Wexford, Ireland, and Hannah Gookin. The elder Tracy became a wealthy merchant and sea captain. After attending the Boston Latin School and receiving his B.A. in 1769 and M.A. in 1772 from Harvard College...
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Links (2)Notes (1)


Claude de La Tremoille

aka: Trémoille, 2nd Duke of Thouars
bornactivedied
15661587-16021604, Oct 25
a sixteenth-century French nobleman of the La Tremoille family. He was the son of Louis III de La Trémoille and his wife, Jeanne de Montmorency. King Henry IV of France had been friendly with La Trémoille when he was King of Navarre, but kept him in a subordinate position once he became King of France, preferring La Trémoille's cousin, Henry de La Tour d'...
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Links (4)


Cross-listed in MilitaryCommerce

Jonathan Trumbull

aka: Trumble
bornactivedied
1710, Oct 121731-17841785, Aug 17
one of the few Americans who served as governor in both a pre-Revolutionary colony and a post-Revolutionary state. He was the only colonial governor at the start of the Revolution to take up the rebel cause. Trumbull was a friend and advisor of General George W...
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Timeline (1)Links (1)


Cross-listed in Military

Trunojoyo

aka: Tronajâyâ, Trunajaya, Panembahan Maduretno
borndied
16491680, Jan 2
a prince and warlord from Arosbaya, Bangkalan, Madura. In 1674 he led a revolt against Amangkurat I and Amangkurat II of Mataram. He was supported by itinerant fighters from Makassar led by Kraeng Galesong. The Trunojoyo rebellion moved swiftly and strong, and captured the Mataram court at Plered in mid-1677.
Timeline (1)Links (1)


Cross-listed in Physicians

Thomas Tudor Tucker

borndied
1745, Jun 251828, May 2
a Bermuda-born American physician and politician representing Charleston, South Carolina. He was elected from South Carolina in both the Continental Congress and the U.S. House. He later was appointed as Treasurer of the United States and served from 1801 to his death in 1828, establishing a record as the longest-serving Treasurer. Tucker was an early suppor...
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Timeline (1)Links (1)


Mary Tudor

borndied
1496, Mar 181533, Jun 25
an English princess who was briefly queen of France and later progenitor of a family which claimed the English throne. The younger surviving daughter of Henry VII of England and Elizabeth of York, Mary became the third wife of Louis XII of France, more than 30 year...
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Timeline (1)Links (1)


Cross-listed in Writers

Anne-Robert-Jacques Turgot

aka: Baron de Laune
borndied
1727, May 101781, Mar 18
a French economist and statesman. Originally considered a physiocrat, he is today best remembered as an early advocate for economic liberalism. He is thought to be the first economist to have recognized the law of diminishing marginal returns in agriculture. The first complete statement of the Idea of Progress is that of Turgot, in his "A Philosophical Revie...
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Timeline (1)Links (1)


Cross-listed in ClergyEducators

Alexander Twilight

borndied
1795, Sep 231857, Jun 19
an American educator, minister and politician. He is the first mixed White and African-American known to have earned a bachelor's degree from an American college or university, graduating from Middlebury College in 1823. He was licensed as a Congregational preacher and worked in education and ministry all his career. In 1829 Twilight became principal of the ...
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Timeline (1)Links (1)


John Tyler

bornactivedied
1790, Mar 291841-18451862, Jan 18
the tenth President of the United States (1841–1845). He was elected vice president on the 1840 Whig ticket with William Henry Harrison, and became president after his running mate's death in April 1841. Tyler was known as a supporter of states' righ...
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Timeline (8)Links (21)Notes (3)

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