a schooled jurist. As a musicologist and ethnologist, he focused mainly on the heritage of French Flanders. With Michiel de Swaen and Maria Petyt, he was one of the most eminent defenders of Dutch culture in France. He was one of the first to be devoted to research on medieval music and his numerous publications focused on subjects such as the Gregorian chant, the neumatic and measured notation, medieval instruments, and the theory and polyphony he called harmony.
