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Military • Governance
bornactivedied
1507, Oct 291524-15821582, Dec 11
a Spanish noble, general, and diplomat. He was titled the 3rd Duke of Alba de Tormes, 4th Marquis of Coria, 3rd Count of Salvatierra de Tormes, 2nd Count of Piedrahita, 8th Lord of Valdecorneja, Grandee of Spain, and a Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece. His motto in Latin was Deo patrum Nostrorum, which in English means "To the God of our fathers". He was an adviser of King Charles I of Spain (Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor), and his successor, Philip II of Spain, Mayordomo mayor of both, member of their Councils of State and War, governor of the Duchy of Milan (1555–1556), viceroy of the Kingdom of Naples (1556–1558), governor of the Netherlands (1567–1573) and viceroy and constable of the Kingdom of Portugal (1580–1582). He represented Philip II in negotiating Philip's betrothal to Elisabeth of Valois and Anna of Austria, who were the third and fourth - and last wives of the king.
 Timeline (14)
06/14/1565-Catherine de' Medici and Fernando Alvarez de Toledo, Duke of Alva, discuss Calvinism 
12/01/1566-Spanish king Philip II names Fernando Alvarez de Toledo, Duke of Alva 
08/08/1567-Fernando Alvarez de Toledo, Duke of Alva's army enters Brussels Belgium 
10/06/1567-Fernando Alvarez de Toledo, Duke of Alva, becomes Land Guardian (Governor) of the Netherlands 
01/24/1568-In Netherlands, Fernando Alvarez de Toledo, Duke of Alva, declares William the Silent an outlaw 
06/05/1568-Duke Fernando Alvarez de Toledo beheads 18 nobles in Brussels
07/21/1568-Battle of Jemmingen: Fernando Alvarez de Toledo, 3rd Duke of Alva's troops beat Dutch rebellion
03/20/1569-Duke Fernando Alvarez de Toledo leads "tenth penning" in Ponts the Ce 
11/28/1569-Fernando Alvarez de Toledo, 3rd Duke of Alba, forces bishop Nicolaas van Nieuwland of Haarlem to resign because of his reputation as a drunkard 
01/04/1570-Spanish viceroy Fernando Alvarez de Toledo, 3rd Duke of Alba banishes Zutphen City's only physician, Joost Sweiter, "because he is a Jew" 
12/11/1572-Fernando Alvarez de Toledo, Duke of Alva's son Don Fredrik begins Siege of Haarlem
07/16/1573-Fernando Alvarez de Toledo, 3rd Duke of Alba, demands submission of Zeeland/Holland 
11/29/1573-Luis de Requesens y Zuniga succeeds Fernando Alvarez de Toledo, 3rd Duke of Alba as land guardian of Netherlands 
06/27/1580-Duke Fernando Alvarez de Toledo's army occupies Portugal 
 Mentions (2)
Louis de Boisot
...succesor of the Spanish governor of the Dutch Republic Fernando Alvarez de Toledo (1507 - 1582). This battle freed the city of...
Geert van Turnhout
...he was made maître de chant in 1563. On 2 May 1571 Fernando Alvarez de Toledo, 3rd Duke of Alba engaged Turnhout as maestro de...
 Contemporaries
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Fernando Alvarez de Toledo1507, Oct 291524
 
15821582, Dec 11
Charles III of Bourbon1490, Feb 171515
 
15271527, May 6
 a French military leader, the Count of Montpensier, Clermont and Auvergne, and Dauphin of Auvergn...
John Bourchier14671520
 
15331533, Mar 19
 an English soldier, statesman and translator. He was educated at Oxford University. Bourchier hel...
Antonio de Leyva14801502
 
15361536
 a Spanish general during the Italian Wars. During the Italian War of 1521, he commanded Pavia dur...
Hernan Ponce de Leonunknown1510
 
1539unknown
 a Spanish conquistador who participated in the discovery of Panama, Costa Rica, and Nicaragua in ...
Pedro de Valdivia1497, Apr 171520
 
15531553, Dec 25
 a Spanish conquistador and the first royal governor of Chile. After serving with the Spanish army...
John Dudley [1]15041537
 
 
15531553, Aug 22
 an English general, admiral, and politician, who led the government of the young King Edward VI f...
Thomas Wyatt the Younger15211542
 
 
15541554, Apr 11
 a rebel leader during the reign of Mary I of England; his rising is traditionally called "Wyatt's...
Ignatius of Loyola1491, Oct 231508
 
15551556, Jul 31
 a Spanish priest and theologian, who founded the religious order called the Society of Jesus (Jes...
Hans Staden1525 ca1547
 
 
15551579 ca
 a German soldier and explorer who voyaged to South America in the middle of the sixteenth century...
Jean de Beaugueunknown1540
 
 
1559unknown
 a French soldier who served in Scotland in the 1540s during the war of the Rough Wooing. He wrote...
Anne de Montmorency1493, Mar 151515
 
15671567, Nov 12
 a French soldier, statesman and diplomat. He became Marshal of France and Constable of France. Wh...
Lamoral of Egmont1522, Nov 181542
 
 
15681568, Jun 5
 a general and statesman in the Spanish Netherlands just before the start of the Eighty Years' War...
Matsura Takanobu15291550
 
 
15691599, Apr 1
  a 16th-century Japanese samurai and 25th hereditary lord of the Matsura clan of Hirado. He was o...
Juan Perez de Zurita15161536
 
 
15791595 ca
 a Spanish Conquistador. In 1536 he began his military career. In 1548 he was in Granada and in 15...
Alonso de Contrerasunknown1580
 
 
1580unknown
 a Spanish sailor (captain of a frigate), soldier (captain of infantry and then of cavalry), priva...
Sir Philip Sidney1554, Nov 301572
 
15861586, Oct 17
 an English poet, courtier, scholar, and soldier, who is remembered as one of the most prominent f...
Robert Dudley [1]1532/33, Jun 241558
 
15881588, Sep 4
 an English nobleman and the favourite and close friend of Elizabeth I's, from her first year on t...
Christopher Carleill1551 ca1573
 
15931593
 an English military and naval commander. In 1588, he was appointed constable of Carrickfergus, Co...
Francisco Hernandez de Cordoba [2]unknown1510
 
1601517
 a Spanish conquistador, known to history mainly for the ill-fated expedition he led in 1517, in t...
Miguel de Cervantes1547, Sep 291569
 
16161616, Apr 22
 a Spanish writer who is widely regarded as the greatest writer in the Spanish language and one of...
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