the 10th Sikh Guru, a spiritual master, warrior, poet and philosopher. He succeeded his father, Guru Tegh Bahadur, as the leader of the Sikhs at the age of nine and became the last of the living Sikh Gurus. He died without lineal descendant after the martyrdom of his four sons during his lifetime. Among his notable contributions to Sikhism are founding the Sikh Khalsa in 1699, introducing the Five Ks, the five articles of faith that Khalsa Sikhs wear at all times, contributing to the continual formalisation of the religion and passing the final Guruship of the Sikhs to the Eleventh and Eternal Sikh Guru, the Guru Granth Sahib Ji.
