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Scientists • Educators born active died
1766, Sep 6 1781-1844 1844, July 27
an English chemist, physicist, and meteorologist. He is best known for proposing the modern atomic theory, and for his research into colour blindness, sometimes referred to as Daltonism in his honour. Dalton's family too poor to support him for long and he began to earn his living at the age of ten in the service of a wealthy local Quaker, Elihu Robinson. It is said he began teaching at a local school at age 12, and became proficient in Latin at age 14.
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Scientists
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Sort Name Nationality Born Active Died Selected 47
John Dalton 1766, Sep 6 1781
1844 1844, July 27
Jean-Francois Pilatre de Rozier 1754, Mar 30 1772 1785 1785, Jun 15 a French chemistry and physics teacher, and one of the first pioneers of aviation. He and the Mar... Carl Wilhelm Scheele 1742, Dec 9 1757 1786 1786, May 21 a Swedish Pomeranian and pharmaceutical chemist. Isaac Asimov called him "hard-luck Scheele" bec... Benjamin Franklin 1705, Jan 6 1718 1789 1790, Apr 17 one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. A renowned polymath, Franklin was a leading aut... Thomas Hutchins 1730 1746 1789 1789, Apr 18 an American military engineer, cartographer, geographer and surveyor. In 1781, Hutchins was named... John Fitch 1743, Jan 21 1780 1799 1798, Jul 2 an American inventor, clockmaker, entrepreneur and engineer. He was most famous for operating the... Jakob Gadolin 1719, Oct 24 1753 1802 1802, Sep 26 a Finnish Lutheran bishop, professor of physics and theology, politician and statesman. In 1736, ... Nicolas Baudin 1754, Feb 17 1769 1803 1803, Sep 16 a French explorer, cartographer, naturalist and hydrographer. At the age of 15 he joined the merc... William Batt 1744, Jun 18 1770 1809 1812, Feb 9 an English physician, chemist, and botanist. On completing his studies he returned to England, bu... Charles Willson Peale 1741, Apr 15 1770 1810 1827, Feb 22 an American painter, soldier, scientist, inventor, politician and naturalist. He is best remember... Benjamin Thompson 1753, Mar 26 1766 1814 1814, Aug 21 an American-born British physicist and inventor whose challenges to established physical theory w... Benjamin Smith Barton 1766, Feb 10 1789 1815 1815, Dec 19 an American botanist, naturalist, and physician. Barton corresponded with naturalists throughout ... John Jeffries 1745, Feb 5 1760 1819 1819, Sep 16 a Boston physician, scientist, and a military surgeon with the British Army in Nova Scotia and Ne... Alessandro Volta 1745, Feb 18 1774 1819 1827, Mar 5 an Italian physicist, chemist, and a pioneer of electricity and power, who is credited as the inv... Jesse Fell unknown 1800 1819 unknown an early political leader in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. He was the first to successfully burn an... Joseph Banks 1743, Feb 13 1766 1820 1820, Jun 19 a British naturalist, botanist and patron of the natural sciences. Banks made his name on the 176... Edward Jenner 1749, May 17 1770 1823 1823, Jan 26 an English physician and scientist who was the pioneer of smallpox vaccine, the world's first vac... Pierre-Simon Laplace 1749, Mar 23 1771 1827 1827, Mar 5 an influential French scholar whose work was important to the development of mathematics, statist... William Maclure 1763, Oct 27 1782 1827 1840, Mar 23 an Americanized Scottish geologist, cartographer and philanthropist. He is known as the 'father o... William Thornton 1759, May 20 1789 1828 1828, Mar 28 a British-American physician, inventor, painter and architect who designed the United States Capi... Sir Humphry Davy 1778, Dec 17 1795 1829 1829, May 29 a Cornish chemist and inventor, who is best remembered today for his discoveries of several alkal... Joseph Fourier 1768, Mar 21 1795 1830 1830, May 16 a French mathematician and physicist born in Auxerre and best known for initiating the investigat... Evariste Galois 1811, Oct 25 1829 1832 1832, May 31 a French mathematician born in Bourg-la-Reine. While still in his teens, he was able to determine... John MacCulloch 1773, Oct 6 1793 1834 1835, Aug 21 a Scottish geologist. He was the first geologist to be employed by the government in Britain and ... Joseph Nicollet 1786, Jul 24 1830 1843 1843, Sep 11 a French geographer, astronomer, and mathematician known for mapping the Upper Mississippi River ... John Frederic Daniell 1790, Mar 12 1831 1845 1845, Mar 13 an English chemist and physicist. His name is best known for his invention of the Daniell cell, a... Lorenz Oken 1779, Aug 1 1802 1851 1851, Aug 11 a German naturalist, botanist, biologist, and ornithologist. Oken was born Lorenz Okenfuss (Germa... John James Audubon 1785, Apr 26 1803 1851 1851, Jan 27 an American ornithologist, naturalist, and painter. He was notable for his extensive studies docu... Thomas Bailey 1785, Jul 31 1820 1856 1856, Oct 23 an English topographer and miscellaneous writer. In 1845-6 he became proprietor and editor of the... Charles David Badham 1805, Aug 27 1833 1857 1857, Jul 14 an English writer, physician, entomologist, and mycologist. David Badham seems to have started hi... August Ferdinand Mobius 1790, Nov 17 1816 1858 1868, Sep 26 a German mathematician and theoretical astronomer. He is best known for his discovery of the Möb... Charles Hamilton Smith 1776, Dec 26 1787 1859 1859, Sep 21 an English artist, naturalist, antiquary, illustrator, soldier, and spy. His military career bega... Henry David Thoreau 1817, Jul 12 1837 1862 1862, May 6 an American author, poet, philosopher, abolitionist, naturalist, tax resister, development critic... Michael Faraday 1791, Sep 22 1813 1866 1867, Aug 25 an English scientist who contributed to the study of electromagnetism and electrochemistry. His m... John Herschel 1792, Mar 7 1816 1867 1871, May 11 an English polymath, mathematician, astronomer, chemist, inventor, experimental photographer, and... Sir Edward Sabine 1788, Oct 14 1818 1871 1883, Jun 26 an Irish astronomer, geophysicist, ornithologist, explorer, soldier and the 30th President of the... Mary Fairfax Somerville 1780, Dec 26 1811 1872 1872, Nov 29 a Scottish science writer and polymath, at a time when women's participation in science was disco... Charles Darwin 1809, Feb 12 1827 1872 1882, Apr 19 an English naturalist and geologist, best known for his contributions to the science of evolution... Joseph Plateau 1801, Oct 14 1827 1872 1883, Sep 15 a Belgian physicist. He was one of the first persons to demonstrate the illusion of a moving imag... Anyos Jedlik 1800, Jan 11 1817 1873 1895, Dec 13 a Hungarian inventor, engineer, physicist, and Benedictine priest. He was also a member of the Hu... Thomas Carlyle 1795, Dec 4 1821 1878 1881, Feb 5 a Scottish philosopher, satirical writer, essayist, historian and teacher. Considered one of the ... Zachariah Allen 1795, Sep 15 1815 1879 1882, Mar 17 an American textile manufacturer, scientist, lawyer, writer, inventor and civil leader from Provi... Stephen Reed 1801, Sep 26 1824 1879 1877, Jul 12 an American physician, newspaper publisher, and geologist. He graduated from Yale College in 1824... John William Draper 1811, May 5 1832 1881 1882, Jan 4 an English-American scientist, philosopher, physician, chemist, historian and photographer. He is... Ambrose Burnside 1824, May 23 1843 1881 1881, Sep 13 an American soldier, railroad-executive, inventor, industrialist, and politician from Rhode Islan... John Deere 1804, Feb 7 1821 1886 1886, May 17 an American blacksmith and manufacturer who founded Deere & Company, one of the largest and leadi... Napoleon Aubin 1812, Nov 9 1829 1890 1890, Jun 12 a Canadian journalist, publisher, playwright, and scientist. Born in Geneva, Aubin sailed to the ... William Bartram 1739, Apr 20 1773 190 1823, Jul 22 an American naturalist. He was born in Kingsessing, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. As a boy, he acco...
