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1606, Sep 181644-16461647, Jan 2
a leader of a peasant revolt from Yan'an, Shaanxi Province. He served in the Ming army, and while in the army he was sentenced to death for violations of military rules, but was reprieved after an intervention by a senior officer who was impressed by his appearance. He conquered Sichuan in 1644, and named himself king of the Xi (Da-Xi) dynasty. His rule in Sichuan was brief and he was killed by the invading Manchu army. He is commonly associated with the massacres in Sichuan that depopulated the region. However, the extent of his killings is disputed.
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Zhang Xianzhong1606, Sep 181644
 
16461647, Jan 2
Sultan Agung of Mataram15931613
 
16451645
 A skilled soldier, he conquered neighbouring states and expanded and consolidated his kingdom to ...
Michael I1596, Jul 121613
 
16451645, Jul 13
 the first Russian Tsar of the house of Romanov after the zemskiy sobor of 1613 elected him to rul...
Frederick Henry1584, Jan 291625
 
16471647, Mar 14
 the sovereign Prince of Orange and stadtholder of Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, Guelders, and Overij...
Christian IV1577, Apr 121588
 
16481648, Feb 28
 king of Denmark-Norway and Duke of Holstein and Schleswig from 1588 to 1648. His 59-year reign is...
Ibrahim I1615, Nov 51640
 
16481648, Aug 18
 the Sultan and Caliph (Sunni Islam) of the Ottoman Empire/Caliphate from 1640 until 1648. Ibrahim...
Charles I1600, Nov 191625
 
16491649, Jan 30
 was monarch of the three kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland, and Supreme Governor of the ...
Maximilian I of Bavaria1573, Apr 171591
 
16511651, Sep 27
 a Wittelsbach ruler of Bavaria and a prince-elector (Kurfürst) of the Holy Roman Empire. His rei...
Emperor Go-Komyo 1633, Apr 201643
 
16541654, Oct 30
 the 110th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. Go-Komyo's reign sp...
Myles Standish1584 ca1603
 
16561656, Oct 3
 an English military officer hired by the Pilgrims as military adviser for Plymouth Colony. He acc...
Bohdan Khmelnytsky1595 ca1617
 
16571657, Aug 6
 a Ukrainian Hetman of the Zaporozhian Host of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland in the Polish–...
Ferdinand IV1633, Sep 81637
 
16571654, Jul 9
 made King of Bohemia in 1646, King of Hungary and Croatia in 1647, and King of the Romans on 31 M...
Oliver Cromwell1599, Apr 251628
 
16581658, Sep 3
 an English military and political leader and later Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England,...
Gaston Duke of Orleans1608, April 241626
 
16601660, Feb 2
 the third son of King Henry IV of France and his wife Marie de' Medici. As a son of the king, he ...
Nathaniel Bacon [3]1593, Dec 121645
 
16601660
 an English Puritan lawyer, writer and politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times...
Ferdinand Charles1628, May 171632
 
16621662, Dec 30
 the Archduke of Further Austria, including Tyrol, from 1646 to 1662. As the son of Archduke Leopo...
Philip IV1605, Apr 81621
 
16651665, Sep 17
  King of Spain (as Philip IV in Castille and Philip III in Aragon) and Portugal as Philip III (Po...
Ferdinando II de' Medici1610, Jul 141621
 
16701670, May 23
  grand duke of Tuscany from 1621 to 1670. He was the eldest son of Cosimo II de' Medici and Maria...
Edmund Scarborough1617, Sep1642
 
16711671
 an influential early settler of Virginia and member of the Virginia House of Burgesses from 1642 ...
Carl von Rabenhaupt1602, Jan 61620
 
16721675, Aug 12
 a Bohemian Hussite nobleman who fought in Saxon, Dutch and Hessian service during the Thirty Year...
Thomas Hopkins1616, Apr1640
 
16761684
 an early settler of Providence Plantations and the great grandfather of brothers Esek Hopkins, th...
Denzil Holles1599, Oct 311624
 
16801680, Feb 17
 an English statesman and writer, best known as one of the Five Members whose attempted unconstitu...
Edmund Waller1606, Mar 31624
 
16861687, Oct 21
 an English poet and politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1624 and ...
Frederick William1620, Feb 161640
 
16881688, Apr 29
 Elector of Brandenburg and Duke of Prussia, thus ruler of Brandenburg-Prussia, from 1640 until hi...
Roger L'Estrange1616, Dec 171639
 
17021704, Dec 11
 an English pamphleteer, author and staunch defender of Royalist claims. L'Estrange was involved i...
Willem Janszoon1570 ca1598
 
1711630
 a Dutch navigator and colonial governor. Janszoon served in the Netherlands East Indies in the pe...
King Louis XIV1638, Sep 51643
 
17151715, Sep 1
 a monarch of the House of Bourbon who ruled as King of France from 1643 until his death in 1715. ...
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