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Clergy • Governance born active died
1612, Jul 26/27 1623-1640 1640, Feb 8
the Sultan and Caliph of the Ottoman Empire from 1623 to 1640, known both for restoring the authority of the state and for the brutality of his methods. Murad IV was born in Istanbul, the son of Sultan Ahmed I (r. 1603–17) and the ethnic Greek Valide Kösem Sultan. Brought to power by a palace conspiracy in 1623, he succeeded his uncle Mustafa I (r. 1617-18, 1622-23). He was only 11 when he took the throne. His reign is most notable for the Ottoman–Safavid War (1623–39), of which the outcome would permanently part the Caucasus between the two Imperial powers for around two centuries, while it also roughly laid the foundation for the current Turkey - Iran - Iraq borders.
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Clergy
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Sort Name Nationality Born Active Died Selected 59
Murad IV 1612, Jul 26/27 1623
1640 1640, Feb 8
Robert Bruce 1554 1587 1624 1631, Jul 27 Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland which was called on 6 February 1588 t... Ericus Erici Sorolainen 1546 1583 1625 1625 a Finnish Lutheran bishop, a Bishop of Turku from 1583 to 1625 as the successor to Paulus Juuste... King James I 1566, Jun 19 1603 1625 1625, Mar 27 King of Scotland as James VI from 24 July 1567 and King of England and Ireland (and Supreme Head... Valentine Cary 1570 ca 1603 1626 1626 an English clergyman, who became Bishop of Exeter. A pluralist, Cary was vicar of East Tilbury in... Edmund Gunter 1581 1614 1626 1626, Dec 10 an English clergyman, mathematician, geometer and astronomer of Welsh descent. He is best remembe... John Preston 1587, Oct 1611 1627 1628, Jul 20 an Anglican cleric and master of Emmanuel College, Cambridge. About 1611, the year in which he co... Oliver Almond unknown 1590 1629 unknown a Roman Catholic priest and writer, born in the diocese of Oxford. He is believed by Foley to hav... Pope John XV unknown 1619 1629 1629, Sep 7 the 99th Pope of Alexandria & Patriarch of the See of St. Mark for the Coptic Orthodox Church. Or... Gregory IV unknown 1620 1629 unknown the Ecumenical Patriarch for the Church of Constantinople for two months in 1623. Before he was e... Leopold V 1586, Oct 9 1623 1632 1632, Sep 13 the son of Archduke Charles II of Inner Austria, and the younger brother of Emperor Ferdinand II,... George Abbot 1562, Oct 19 1611 1633 1633, Aug 5 an English divine who was Archbishop of Canterbury from 1611 to 1633 for the Church of England. H... John Marston 1576, Oct 7 1598 1634 1634, Jun 25 an English poet, playwright and satirist during the late Elizabethan and Jacobean periods. His ca... Antonio de Andrade 1580 1600 1634 1634, Mar 19 a Jesuit priest and explorer from Portugal. Engaged in missionary activity in India, was the firs... Geoffrey Keating 1569 ca 1603 1634 1644 ca a 17th-century historian. He was born in County Tipperary, Ireland, and is buried in Tubrid Grave... Gerasimos I Spartaliotes unknown 1620 1636 unknown Pope and Patriarch of Alexandria for the Greek Orthodox Church (1620-1636). He was distinguished ... Neophytus III of Nicea unknown 1636 1637 unknown Ecumenical Patriarch (1636-1637)*Church of Constantinople Johann Heinrich Alsted 1588, Mar 1608 1638 1638, Nov 9 a German Calvinist minister and academic, known for his varied interests: in Ramism and Lullism, ... Cyril I Lucaris 1572, Nov 13 1612 1638 1638, Jun 27 a Greek prelate and theologian, and a native of Candia, Crete (then under the Republic of Venice)... Anne Hutchinson unknown 1634 1638 unknown a Puritan spiritual adviser, mother of 15, and an important participant in the Antinomian Controv... Cyril II Kontares unknown 1633 1639 1640 Ecumenical Patriarch (1633; 1635-1636; 1638-1639)*Church of Constantinople Mitrophanes Kritikopoulos unknown 1636 1639 unknown Pope and Patriarch of Alexandria for the Greek Orthodox Church (1636-1639). His activities were m... Richard Bernard 1568 1598 1641 1641 an English Puritan clergyman and writer. Barnard was a Calvinist Puritan, but a moderate one. Ber... Edward Finch unknown 1630 1641 unknown an English Royalist divine. On 9 December 1630 Edward was admitted to the vicarage of Christ Chur... Joseph Hall 1574, Jul 1 1597 1643 1656, Sep 8 an English bishop, satirist and moralist. His contemporaries knew him as a devotional writer, and... Pope Urban VIII 1568, Apr 5 1592 1644 1644, Jul 29 Pope (Roman Catholic Church) from 1623 to his death in 1644. He expanded the papal territory by ... Parthenius I unknown 1639 1644 unknown Ecumenical Patriarch (1639-1644)*Church of Constantinople William Laud 1573, Oct 7 1601 1645 1645, Jan 10 an English bishop and academic. He was the Archbishop of Canterbury for the Church of England fro... Nikiphoros unknown 1639 1645 1645, Apr Pope and Patriarch of Alexandria (1639-1645) for the Greek Orthodox Church. During his tenure as ... Matthew III unknown 1631 1646 1646, Mar 31 the 100th Pope of Alexandria for the Coptic Orthodox Christian Church from 1631 to 1646 and Patri... John Abbot 1587/88 1623 1647 1650 ca an English Roman Catholic clergyman and poet. His birthplace is uncertain, but may have been Lond... Thomas Edwards [2] 1599 ca 1625 1647 1647 an English Puritan clergyman. He was a very influential preacher in London of the 1640s, and also... Charles I 1600, Nov 19 1625 1649 1649, Jan 30 was monarch of the three kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland, and Supreme Governor of the ... Jasper Fisher 1591 1630 1649 unknown an English divine and dramatist. About 1631 (according to Anthony Wood) he became rector of Wilsd... Godefroy Wendelin 1580, Jun 6 1599 1652 1667, Oct 24 a Flemish astronomer. The crater Vendelinus on the Moon is named after him. Around 1630 he measur... Athanasius III Patelaros unknown 1634 1652 unknown Ecumenical Patriarch (1634, 1635 and 1652)*Church of Constantinople Pierre Gassendi 1592, Jan 22 1617 1653 1655, Oct 24 a French philosopher, priest, scientist, astronomer, and mathematician. While he held a church po... Cardinal Jules Raymond Mazarin 1602, Jul 14 1628 1653 1661, Mar 9 an Italian cardinal, diplomat, and politician, who served as the Chief Minister to the King of Fr... Theodore Tronchin 1582, Apr 17 1608 1655 1657, Nov 19 a Swiss Calvinist theologian, controversialist and Hebraist. He studied theology at Geneva, Basel... Pope Innocent X 1574, May 6 1626 1655 1655, Jan 7 Pope for the Roman Catholic Church from 15 September 1644 to his death in 1655. Born in Rome of ... Joannicius II unknown 1624 1656 1659/1660 Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople four times from 1646 to 1656 (1646-1648; 1651-1652; 1653-1... David Pardo [1] 1591 ca 1610 1657 1657, Mar 15 a Dutch rabbi and hakham. He was born at Salonica to Rabbi Joseph and Reina in the second half of... Menasseh Ben Israel 1604 1632 1657 1657, Nov 20 a Portuguese rabbi, kabbalist, writer, diplomat, printer and publisher, founder of the first Hebr... Oliver Cromwell 1599, Apr 25 1628 1658 1658, Sep 3 an English military and political leader and later Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England,... Saul Levi Morteira 1596 ca 1616 1660 1660, Feb 10 a Dutch rabbi of Portuguese descent. Morteira was the founder of the congregational school Keter ... Lobsang Chökyi Gyalsten 1570 1570 1662 1662 the fourth Panchen Lama of the Gelug (Yellow Hat sect) school of Tibetan Buddhism from 1570-1662 ... Robert Abbot [1] 1588 ca 1610 1662 1662 ca an English theologian who promoted puritan doctrines. He is sometimes mistakenly described as the... William Juxon 1582 1633 1663 1663, Jun 4 an English churchman, Bishop of London from 1633 to 1649 and Archbishop of Canterbury from 1660 u... William Day 1605 ca 1624 1666 1684 an English cleric and biblical commentator. He received his education at Eton College. He was ele... John Wilkins 1614, Feb 14 1637 1668 1672, Nov 19 an Anglican clergyman, natural philosopher and author, and was one of the founders of the Royal S... John Trapp 1601, Jun 5 1622 1669 1669, Oct 16 an English Anglican Bible commentator. His large five-volume commentary is still read today and i... Edward Boys [2] 1599 1630 1669 1667 an English divine. Educated at Eton, he was elected a scholar of Corpus Christi College, Cambridg... Giovanni Battista Riccioli 1598, Apr 17 1628 1671 1671, Jun 25 an Italian astronomer and a Catholic priest in the Jesuit order. He is known, among other things,... Ascanio II Piccolomini 1590 1629 1671 1671 the archbishop of Siena from 1629 to 1671. Ascanio was a mathematics pupil of Bonaventura Cavalie... William Brough unknown 1630 1671 1671 an English royalist churchman, Dean of Gloucester from 1643. Brough was a supporter of William La... Ingen Ryuki 1592, Dec 7 1620 1673 1673, May 19 a Chinese Linji Chán Buddhist monk, poet, and calligrapher. He is most known for founding the Ob... Giacomo Carissimi 1605, Apr 1623 1674 1674, Jan 12 an Italian composer. He is one of the most celebrated masters of the early Baroque or, more accur... Robert Herrick 1591, Aug 1623 1674 1674, Oct a 17th-century English lyric poet and cleric. He is best known for Hesperides, a book of poems. T... Isaac Aboab da Fonseca 1605, Feb 1 1623 1693 1693, Apr 4 a rabbi, scholar, kabbalist and writer. In 1656, he was one of several elders within the Portugue... Zanabazar 1635 1639 1723 1723 the sixteenth Jebtsundamba Khutuktu and the first Bogd Gegeen or supreme spiritual authority, of ...
