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Cross-listed in Writers

Peter Simon Pallas

aka: Pall
borndied
1741, Sep 221811, Sep 8
a Prussian zoologist and botanist who worked in Russia between 1767 and 1810. Peter Simon Pallas was born in Berlin, the son of Professor of Surgery Simon Pallas. He studied with private tutors and took an interest in natural history, later attending the University of Halle and the University of Göttingen. In 1760, he moved to the University of Leiden and p...
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Cross-listed in Inventors

Luigi Palmieri

borndied
1807, Apr 221896, Sep 9
an Italian physicist and meteorologist. He was famous for his scientific studies of the eruptions of Mount Vesuvius, for his researches on earthquakes and meteorological phenomena and for improving the seismograph of the time. Using an electromagnetic seismometer for the detection and measurement of ground tremors, Palmieri was able to detect very slight mov...
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Cross-listed in Inventors

Denis Papin

borndied
1647, Aug 221713 ca
a French physicist, mathematician and inventor, best known for his pioneering invention of the steam digester, the forerunner of the pressure cooker and of the steam engine. Born in Chitenay (Loir-et-Cher, Centre-Val de Loire Région), Papin attended a Jesuit school there, and from 1661 attended University at Angers, from which he graduated with a medical de...
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Cross-listed in WritersPhysicians

Paracelsus

aka: Theophrastus von Hohenheim, Philippus Aureolus Theophrastus Bombastus von Hohenheim
borndied
1493 ca1541, Sep 24
a Swiss physician, alchemist, lay theologian, and philosopher of the German Renaissance. He was a pioneer in several aspects of the "medical revolution" of the Renaissance, emphasizing the value of observation in combination with received wisdom. He is credited as the "father of toxicology". Paracelsus also had a substantial impact as a prophet or diviner, h...
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Cross-listed in WritersInventors

Blaise Pascal

bornactivedied
1623, Jun 191642-16591662, Aug 19
a French mathematician, physicist, inventor, writer and Christian philosopher. He was a child prodigy who was educated by his father, a tax collector in Rouen. Pascal's earliest work was in the natural and applied sciences where he made important contributions to the study of fluids, and clarified the concepts of pressure and vacuum by generalizing the work ...
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Links (17)Notes (1)


Cross-listed in Inventors

Gustaf Erik Pasch

borndied
1788, Sep 31862, Sep 6
a Swedish inventor and professor of chemistry at Karolinska institute in Stockholm and inventor of the safety match. He was born in Norrköping, the son of a carpenter. He enrolled at Uppsala University in 1806 and graduated with a master's degree in 1821. Pasch is mostly known for the safety match, but he was also involved with making waterproof concrete fo...
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Cross-listed in ArtistsMilitaryGovernanceInventors

Charles Willson Peale

aka: Wilson
bornactivedied
1741, Apr 151770-18101827, Feb 22
an American painter, soldier, scientist, inventor, politician and naturalist. He is best remembered for his portrait paintings of leading figures of the American Revolution, as well as for establishing one of the first museums. Finding that he had a talent for painting, especially portraiture, Peale studied for a time under more
Links (16)Notes (1)


Cross-listed in Writers

Bertrand Pelletier

borndied
1761, Jul 311797, Jul 21
an 18th-century French pharmacist and chemist. On the recommendation of Darcet, Hilaire Rouelle's widow appointed him managing director of the pharmacy rue Jacob in 1783. The following year, Pelletier was master apothecary, married Marguerite Sedillot and bought Rouelle's pharmacy. From 1783, Pelletier was a student at the Paris Faculty of Medicine, where he...
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Cross-listed in InventorsCommerce

William Henry Perrins

borndied
17931867
an English drug-store chemist who formed a business partnership with fellow pharmacist John Wheeley Lea, in 1823. They went on to create the Lea & Perrins brand of Worcestershire sauce. He lived in Lansdowne Crescent in the parish of Claines, and is buried in St John, Baptist Churchyard, Claines.
Timeline (1)Links (1)


Cross-listed in InventorsEducators

Jean-Francois Pilatre de Rozier

aka: Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier
bornactivedied
1754, Mar 301772-17851785, Jun 15
a French chemistry and physics teacher, and one of the first pioneers of aviation. He and the Marquis d'Arlandes made the first manned free balloon flight on 21 November 1783, in a Montgolfier balloon. He later died when his balloon crashed near Wimereux in the Pas-de-Calais during an attempt to fly across the English Channel. He and his companion, Pierre Ro...
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Timeline (3)Links (1)


Cross-listed in ExplorersNavalCartographers

Piri Reis

aka: Ahmed Muhiddin Piri
bornactivedied
1467 ca1481-15531553
an Ottoman admiral, geographer, and cartographer. Piri began engaging in government-supported privateering (a common practice in the Mediterranean Sea among both the Muslim and Christian states of the 15th and 16th centuries) when he was young, He is primarily known today for his maps and charts collected in his Kitab-i Bahriye (Book of Navigation), a book t...
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Cross-listed in PhysiciansInventors

Nikolay Ivanovich Pirogov

borndied
1810, Nov 131881, Nov 23
a prominent Russian scientist, medical doctor, pedagogue, public figure, and corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1847). He is considered to be the founder of field surgery, and was one of the first surgeons in Europe to use ether as an anaesthetic. He was the first surgeon to use anaesthesia in a field operation (1847), invented various ...
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Cross-listed in Inventors

Joseph Plateau

bornactivedied
1801, Oct 141827-18721883, Sep 15
a Belgian physicist. He was one of the first persons to demonstrate the illusion of a moving image. To do this he used counter rotating disks with repeating drawn images in small increments of motion on one and regularly spaced slits in the other. He called this device of 1832 the phenakistoscope. Plateau also studied the phenomena of capillary action and su...
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Simeon Denis Poisson

aka: Siméon
borndied
1781, Jun 211840, Apr 25
a French mathematician, geometer, and physicist. He obtained many important results, but within the elite Académie des Sciences he also was the final leading opponent of the wave theory of light and was proven wrong on that matter by Augustin-Jean Fresnel.
Links (1)


Cross-listed in Naval

Home Riggs Popham

borndied
1762, Oct 121820, Sep 2
a Royal Navy commander who saw service against the French during the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. He is remembered for his scientific accomplishments, particularly the development of a signal code that was adopted by the Royal Navy in 1803. Popham was one of the most scientific seamen of his time. He did much useful survey work, and was the author of t...
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Timeline (1)Links (1)


Cross-listed in AstronomersClergyWriters

John Henry Pratt

borndied
1809, Jun 41871, Dec 28
a British clergyman, astronomer and mathematician. A Cambridge Apostle, he joined the British East India Company in 1838 as a chaplain and later became Archdeacon at Calcutta. A gifted mathematician who applied his mind to problems of geodesy and earth science, he was approached by the Surveyor General of India to examine the errors in surveys resulting from...
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Pierre Prevost

aka: Prévost
borndied
1751, Mar 31839, Apr 8
a Genevan philosopher and physicist. In 1791 he explained Pictet's experiment by arguing that all bodies radiate heat, no matter how hot or cold they are. Son of a Protestant clergyman in Geneva in the Republic of Geneva, he was born in that city and was educated for a clerical career. However, he abandoned it for law, and this too he quickly deserted to dev...
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