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Cross-listed in AstronomersWritersInventors

Taqi al-Din Muhammad ibn Ma'ruf

borndied
15261585
a Muslim polymath active in the Ottoman Empire. He was the author of more than ninety books on a wide variety of subjects, including astronomy, clocks, engineering, mathematics, mechanics, optics and natural philosophy. In 1574 the Ottoman Sultan Murad III invited Taqi ad-Din to build the Istanbul observatory. Using his exceptional knowledge in the mechanica...
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John MacCulloch

bornactivedied
1773, Oct 61793-18341835, Aug 21
a Scottish geologist. He was the first geologist to be employed by the government in Britain and is best known for his pioneering texts on geology and for producing the first geological maps of Scotland. He introduced the word "malaria" into the English language. MacCulloch, descended from the MacCullochs of Nether Ardwell in Galloway, was born in Guernsey, ...
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Cross-listed in Inventors

Charles Macintosh

borndied
1766, Dec 291843, Jul 25
a Scottish chemist and inventor of waterproof fabrics. The Mackintosh raincoat (the variant spelling is now standard) is named for him. He devoted all his spare time to science, particularly chemistry, and before he was twenty resigned his clerkship to take up the manufacture of chemicals. In this he was highly successful, inventing various new processes. Hi...
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Cross-listed in WritersCartographersCommerce

William Maclure

bornactivedied
1763, Oct 271782-18271840, Mar 23
an Americanized Scottish geologist, cartographer and philanthropist. He is known as the 'father of American geology' and as a social experimenter on new types of community life, collaborating with British social reformer Robert Owen, (1771–1854), in Indiana, Un...
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Cross-listed in Writers

Charles Blachford Mansfield

borndied
1819, May 81855, Feb 26
a British chemist and author. Benzol, its Nature and Utility (1849) was a pamphlet. Mansfield's major work in chemistry was the Theory of Salts, completed in 1855. In September 1850 a balloon machine constructed at Paris led to his Aerial Navigation. Mansfield wrote several papers in Politics for the People, edited by Maurice and John Malcolm Forbes Ludlow, ...
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Cross-listed in WritersPhysicians

Jean-Paul Marat

borndied
1743, May 241793, Jul 13
a French political theorist, physician, and scientist who was a radical journalist and politician during the French Revolution. His journalism became renowned for its fierce tone, uncompromising stance towards the new leaders and institutions of the revolution, and advocacy of basic human rights for the poorest members of society, yet calling for prisoners o...
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Cross-listed in WritersPhysicians

Jan Marek Marci

aka: Johannes Marcus
borndied
1595, Jun 131667, Apr 10
a Bohemian doctor and scientist, rector of the University of Prague, and official physician to the Holy Roman Emperors. The crater Marci on the far side of the Moon is named after him. Marci's studies covered the mechanics of colliding bodies, epilepsy, and the refraction of light, as well as other topics. Marci at some time came into possession of the Voyni...
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Cross-listed in Writers

Luigi Ferdinando Marsili

aka: Marsigli
borndied
1658, Jul 101730, Nov 1
an Italian scholar and eminent natural scientist, who also served as an emissary and soldier. A list of his works, over twenty in number, is given in Niceron's Mémoirs. His principal works are the following: Osservazioni interne al Bosforo Tracio (Rome, 1681); Histoire physique de la mer, translated by Leclerc (Amsterdam, 1725); Danubius Pannonico-Mysicus, ...
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Cross-listed in ClergyWriters

Cotton Mather

bornactivedied
1663, Feb 121685-17261728, Feb 13
a socially and politically influential New England Puritan minister, prolific author, and pamphleteer. Known for his vigorous support for the Salem witch trials, he also left a scientific legacy due to his hybridization experiments and his promotion of inoculation for disease prevention. He was subsequently denied the Presidency of Harvard College which his ...
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Timeline (1)Links (16)


Cross-listed in Explorers

Prince Maximilian of Wied-Neuwied

aka: Alexander Philipp Maximilian zu Wied-Neuwied
borndied
1782, Sep 231867, Feb 3
a German explorer, ethnologist and naturalist. He led a pioneering expedition to southeast Brazil between 1815–1817, from which the album Reise nach Brasilien, which first revealed to Europe real images of Brazilian Indians, was the ultimate result. It was translated into several languages and recognized as one of the greatest contributions to the knowledg...
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Cross-listed in ExplorersPhysicians

Archibald Menzies

borndied
1754, Mar 151842, Feb 15
a Scottish surgeon, botanist and naturalist. In 1790, Menzies was appointed as naturalist to accompany Captain George Vancouver on his voyage around the world on HMS Discovery. In 1794, while Discovery spent one of three winters in Hawaii, Menzies, with Lieute...
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Cross-listed in Inventors

John Mercer

borndied
1791, Feb 211866, Nov 30
an English dye and fabric chemist and fabric printer born in Great Harwood, Lancashire. In 1844 he developed a process for treating cotton, mercerisation, that improves many of its qualities for use in fabrics. John Mercer never went to school, he learned basic reading and writing from his neighbour. He was very fond of dyeing. With the help of a chemistry t...
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Cross-listed in Artists

Maria Sibylla Merian

borndied
1647, Apr 21717, Jan 13
a German-born naturalist and scientific illustrator, a descendant of the Frankfurt branch of the Swiss Merian family, founders of one of Europe's largest publishing houses in the 17th century. Merian received her artistic training from her stepfather, Jacob Marrelmore
Links (2)


Cross-listed in Clergy

Marin Mersenne

aka: Mersennus
borndied
1588, Sep 81648, Sep 1
a French theologian, philosopher, mathematician and music theorist, often referred to as the "father of acoustics". Mersenne, an ordained priest, had many contacts in the scientific world and has been called "the center of the world of science and mathematics during the first half of the 1600s."
Timeline (1)Links (1)


Cross-listed in WritersPhysicians

John Mitchell [2]

borndied
1711, Apr 131768, Feb 29
a colonial American physician and botanist. Mitchell wrote a paper in 1744 called An Essay upon the Causes of the Different Colours of People in Different Climates, submitted to the Royal Society in London by his correspondent Peter Collinson. In the paper, Mitchell claimed that the first race on earth had been a brown and reddish colour. He created the most...
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Cross-listed in AstronomersScientistsEducators

August Ferdinand Mobius

aka: Möbius
bornactivedied
1790, Nov 171816-18581868, Sep 26
a German mathematician and theoretical astronomer. He is best known for his discovery of the Möbius strip, a non-orientable two-dimensional surface with only one side when embedded in three-dimensional Euclidean space. Many mathematical concepts are named after him, including the Möbius plane, the Möbius transformations, important in projective geometry, ...
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Timeline (1)Links (9)Notes (1)


Cross-listed in Educators

Gerrit Moll

aka: Gerard
borndied
17851838
a Dutch scientist and mathematician. A polymath in his interests, he published in four languages. From a family background in Amsterdam of commerce, Moll was drawn towards science. His teacher at the Athenaeum Illustre of Amsterdam was Jean Henri van Swinden. He took up astronomy with Jan Frederik Keijser in 1801. In 1809 he was awarded a Candidaat degree by...
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