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Much of what we know about the Early Modern era comes from the writings of that time. With the proliferation of the printing press and a somewhat more literate population, much more literature of this period is preserved (as opposed to earlier times). Whether from a novel, play, travel journal or scientific paper, these writings add greatly to our knowledge of our history.
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Gul Baba

aka: Gül
borndied
unknown1541
an Ottoman Bektashi dervish poet and companion of Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent who took part in a number of campaigns in Europe from the reign of Mehmed II onwards.
Links (1)


Cross-listed in MilitaryGovernance

Vicente Bacallar

borndied
1669, Feb 61726, Jun 11
a nobleman, military officer, linguist, historian, politician and Spanish ambassador. He was born to a noble Sardinian family when the kingdom of Sardinia was part of the Spanish crown. He wrote the short poem Las Tobias (The Tobies, 1709), the poem El Palacio de Momo (Momo's Palace, 1714), the treaty Monarchia Hebrea (The Hebrew Monarch...
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Links (1)


Delia Bacon

bornactivedied
1811, Feb 21825-18571859, Sep 2
an American writer of plays and short stories and a sister of the Congregational minister Leonard Bacon. She is best known today for her work on the Shakespeare authorship question. She promoted the theory that the plays attributed to William Shakespeare w...
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Cross-listed in GovernanceScientistsLegal

Francis Bacon

aka: 1st Viscount St Alban
bornactivedied
1561, Jan 221579-16261626, Apr 9
an English philosopher, statesman, scientist, jurist, orator, essayist and author. He served both as Attorney General and Lord Chancellor of England. After his death, he remained extremely influential through his works, especially as philosophical advocate and practitioner of the scientific method during the scientific revolution.
Timeline (3)Links (20)


Cross-listed in Clergy

Leonard Bacon

bornactivedied
1802, Feb 191825-18811881, Dec 24
an American Congregational preacher and writer. He held the pulpit of the First Church New Haven and was later professor of church history and polity at Yale College. From 1826 to 1838, he was an editor of the Christian Spectator (New Haven). In 1843 he was one of the founders of the New Englander (later the Yale Review), and in 1848, with Richard Salter Sto...
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Cross-listed in GovernanceLegal

Nathaniel Bacon [3]

bornactivedied
1593, Dec 121645-16601660
an English Puritan lawyer, writer and politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1645 and 1660. Bacon was a Parliamentarian, active in support of the New Model Army from 1644, Bacon became Member of Parliament for Cambridge University in 1645, as a recruiter to the Long Parliament until he was excluded after Pride's Purge. Bacon's Hi...
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Cross-listed in Clergy

Nathaniel Bacon [4]

aka: Southwell, Sotwel, Sotvellus
borndied
15981676
an English Jesuit who served in Rome from 1647 until his death as "Secretarius" of the Society of Jesus under four Jesuit generals. He produced an encyclopedic bibliography in folio, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Societatis Jesu (Rome, 1676), much admired for its thoroughness and latinity, although the listings follow the traditional categorization according to aut...
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Cross-listed in Clergy

Thomas Baddeley

borndied
1786/871823 ca
an English Roman Catholic priest in Manchester. Baddeley was the author of the Sure Way to find out the True Religion, a colloquial defence of Roman Catholic principles, largely mingled with invective against Protestantism. The author was stated to be dead in 1825. The tract reached a seventh edition in 1847, and provoked several replies.
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Charlotte Baden

borndied
1740, Nov 211824, Jun 6
a Danish writer, feminist and letter-writer. Daughter of major Gustav Ludvig von Klenau (1703–72) and Bolette Cathrine From (1696-1788). She was brought up by her relative Anna Sophie von den Osten, head lady-in-waiting to Princess Charlotte Amalie of Denmark, who financed her education and gave her a pension. She married professor Jacob Baden (1735-1804) ...
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Cross-listed in ClergyPhysiciansScientists

Charles David Badham

bornactivedied
1805, Aug 271833-18571857, Jul 14
an English writer, physician, entomologist, and mycologist. David Badham seems to have started his medical career in Scotland, where he achieved some notoriety for setting a patient's irregular heartbeat to music. In 1833, a Radcliffe travelling fellowship allowed Badham to practise medicine in France and Italy, for some of the time as personal physician to ...
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Herman Bagger

borndied
1800, Jul 201880, Nov 24
a Norwegian newspaper editor and politician. In 1842 Bagger started the newspaper Skiensposten, but he grew tired and resigned as chief editor later that year. Bagger returned to the newspaper business, as co-editor of Bratsberg Amtstidende, founded by Peter Feilberg in 1840.
Links (1)


Cross-listed in Artists

Giovanni Baglione

borndied
15661643, Dec 30
an Italian Late Mannerist and Early Baroque painter and art historian. He is best remembered for his acrimonious and damaging involvement with the slightly younger artist Caravaggio and his important collection of biographies of the other artists working in Rome in ...
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Edward Bagshaw

borndied
1589 ca1662, Sep/Oct 12
an English author and politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1640 to 1644. He supported the Royalist cause in the English Civil War. He was called to the bar at Middle Temple in 1615 and was Lent reader in 1640. As Reader, he delivered two discourses to the effect that 'a parliament may be held without bishops,' and that 'bishops may not meddle in c...
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Samuel Bagster the Younger

borndied
18001835
an English printer and author. Samuel was well read in the natural history of bees, and during the summer of 1834 his popular book, 'The Management of Bees,' was published. He later wrote 'The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge,' consisting of a rich and copious assemblage of more than 500,000 scripture references and parallel passages.
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Cross-listed in Clergy

Guru Tegh Bahadur

borndied
16211675
revered as the ninth Nanak, was the ninth of ten Gurus (Prophets) of the Sikh religion. Guru Tegh Bahadur continued in the spirit of the first guru, Nanak; his 115 poetic hymns are in the text Guru Granth Sahib. Guru Tegh Bahadur was publicly beheaded in 1675 on the orders of Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb in Delhi for refusing to convert to Islam. and resisting t...
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Cross-listed in Artists

Johann Karl Bahr

aka: Bähr
borndied
18011869
a German painter and writer. Enthusiastic about poetry, he moved in the circle of Ludwig Tieck in Dresden, and was a close friend of Julius Mosen. Bähr was in demand as a portraitist, and also painted some historical works. He also wrote several books.
Links (1)


Meera Bai

aka: Mira
borndied
14981546
a 16th-century Hindu mystic poet and devotee of Krishna. She is celebrated as a poet and has been claimed by the North Indian Hindu tradition of Bhakti saints. Thousands of devotional poems in passionate praise of Lord Krishna are attributed to Meera in the Indian tradition, but just a few hundred are believed to be authentic by scholars, and the earliest wr...
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Jean-Antoine de Baif

aka: Baïf
borndied
1532, Feb 191589, Sep 19
a French poet and member of the Pléiade. Baïf elaborated a system for regulating French versification by quantity, a system which came to be known as vers mesurés, or vers mesurés à l'antique. In the general idea of regulating versification by quantity, he was not a pioneer. Baïf's innovations also included a line of 15 syllables known as the vers Baï...
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Lazare de Baif

aka: Baïf
borndied
14961547
a French diplomat and humanist. His natural son, Jean-Antoine de Baïf, was born in Venice, while Lazare was French ambassador there. He published a translation of the Electra of Sophocles in 1537, and afterwards a version of the Hecuba. He was an elegant writer of Latin verse, and is commended by more
Links (1)


Cross-listed in Clergy

Jacob Bailey

bornactivedied
1731, Apr 161755-18081808, Jul 26
an author and clergyman of the Church of England, active in New England and Nova Scotia. Bailey was born in Rowley, Massachusetts, and was educated at Harvard College, ranked at the bottom (by social order) of the class of 1755, which notably also included John Ada...
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Nathan Bailey

borndied
unknown1742, Jun 27
n English philologist and lexicographer. He was the author of several dictionaries, including his Universal Etymological Dictionary, which appeared in some 30 editions between 1721 and 1802. Bailey's Dictionarium Britannicum (1730 and 1736) was the primary resource mined by more
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Philip James Bailey

bornactivedied
1816, Apr 221834-19011902, Sep 6
an English Spasmodic poet, best known as the author of his one voluminous poem, Festus, first published anonymously in 1839, and then expanded with a second edition in 1845. A vast pageant of theology and philosophy, it comprised in some twelve divisions an attempt to represent the relation of God to man, and to postulate "a gospel of faith and reason...
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Cross-listed in ScientistsCartographers

Thomas Bailey

bornactivedied
1785, Jul 311820-18561856, Oct 23
an English topographer and miscellaneous writer. In 1845-6 he became proprietor and editor of the Nottingham Mercury, but his opinions were considered too temperate by his readers. The circulation of the paper declined, and in 1851 the mass of subscribers withdrew in protest at Bailey's views respecting the original error of the Ecclesiastical Titles Bill, a...
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Cross-listed in Clergy

Adrien Baillet

borndied
1649, Jun 131706, Jan 21
a French scholar and critic. He is now best known as a biographer of Rene Descartes. In 1676 he was ordained priest and was presented to a small vicarage. He accepted in 1680 the appointment of librarian to François-Chrétien de Lamoignon, advocate-general to ...
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Joanna Baillie

borndied
17621851
a Scottish poet and dramatist. Baillie was very well known during her lifetime and, though a woman, intended her plays not for the closet but for the stage. Admired both for her literary powers and her sweetness of disposition, she hosted a literary society in her cottage at Hampstead. Baillie died at the age of 88, her faculties remaining unimpaired to the ...
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Robert Baird

borndied
1798, Oct 61863, Mar 15
an American clergyman and author. He was born in Fayette County, Pennsylvania, near Pittsburgh, and graduated at Jefferson College in 1818 and at Princeton Theological Seminary in 1822. He taught at an academy at Princeton, New Jersey for five years while tutoring at the College of New Jersey and preaching occasionally. (In 1824, he helped to create the Chi ...
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Pal Bajai

aka: Pál
bornactivedied
unknown1760sunknown
a Hungarian Franciscan friar of the Observant reform and spiritual writer during the 18th century. His only surviving work is De gratiis atque beneficiis beatissimae V. Mariae Reginae in Ungaria (On the Favors and Blessings of the Most Blessed Virgin Mary, Queen of Hungary), published in 1766.
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Jozef Ignac Bajza

aka: Jozef Ignác
borndied
1755, Mar 51836, Dec 1
an ethnically Slovak writer, satirist and Catholic priest in the Kingdom of Hungary. He is best known for his novel René mládenca príhody a skúsenosti, which was the first novel written in Slovak language. He is buried in the St. Martin's Cathedral in Bratislava.
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Augustine Baker

aka: Fr. Austin Baker
borndied
1575, Dec 91641, Aug 9
a well-known Benedictine mystic and an ascetic writer. He was one of the earliest members of the English Benedictine Congregation which was newly restored to England after the Reformation. Of more than thirty treatises chiefly on spiritual matters written by Father Baker, many are to be found in manuscript at Downside Abbey, Ampleforth Abbey, Stanbrook Abbey...
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David Bristow Baker

borndied
18031852, Jul 24
an English religious writer. Baker was born in 1803, the second son of David Bristow Baker, a Blackfriars merchant. He was educated at St. John's College, Cambridge, where he graduated B.A. in 1829, and M.A. in 1832. Though admitted to the Middle Temple in 1824, he was never called to the Bar. From 1841 until his death in 1852 he was perpetual curate of Clay...
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David Erskine Baker

borndied
1730, Jan 301767, Feb 16
an English writer on drama. In 1764 he published his Companion to the Play House. A revised edition, under the title of Biographia Dramatica, appeared in 1782, edited by Isaac Reed. He also wrote a small dramatic piece, 'The Muse of Ossian,' 1763, and translated an Italian comedy in two acts, 'The Maid the Mistress' (La Serva Padrona) which was performed at ...
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Henry Baker

borndied
1734, Feb 101766, Aug
an English author. He contributed occasional poetry and essays to periodicals, and in 1756 published, in two volumes, Essays Pastoral and Elegiac. According to Chalmers, he left ready for the press an arranged collection of all the statutes relating to bankruptcy, with cases, precedents, &c., entitled The Clerk to the Commission, which is supposed to have b...
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Pacificus Baker

borndied
16951774
an English Minorite friar and noted Catholic spiritual writer of the 18th century. Baker's works were mostly guides for meditation for the proper reception of the Blessed Sacrament and on the liturgical seasons of the Church year. His reputation as a writer suffered in latter years. He was one of several religious authors who developed a series of books to a...
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Sir Richard Baker [1]

borndied
1568 ca1645, Feb 18
a politician, historian and religious writer. He was the English author of the Chronicle of the Kings of England and other works. In 1603 Baker was knighted by King James I at Theobalds Palace. At the time he was living in Highgate. He held the office of Justice of the Peace for Middlesex. In 1620 he was High Sheriff of Oxfordshire, where he inherited the ma...
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Richard Baker [2]

borndied
17411818
an English theological writer. Baker was educated at Pembroke College, Cambridge, where he graduated B.A. (as seventh senior optime) in 1762, M.A. in 1765, and D.D. in 1788. He was elected to a fellowship in his college, and in 1772 was presented to the rectory of Cawston-with-Portland in Norfolk, which he held till his death in 1818.
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Cross-listed in Explorers

Samuel Baker

bornactivedied
1821, Jun 81846-18911893, Dec 30
a British explorer, officer, naturalist, big game hunter, engineer, writer and abolitionist. He also held the titles of Pasha and Major-General in the Ottoman Empire and Egypt. He served as the Governor-General of the Equatorial Nile Basin, which he established as the Province of Equatoria. He is mostly remembered as the discoverer of Lake Albert, as an expl...
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Baki

aka: Bâkî, Mahmud Abdülbâkî
borndied
15261600
an Ottoman poet. Considered one of the greatest contributors to Turkish literature, Bâkî came to be known as Sultânüs-suarâ, or "Sultan of poets". Bâkî lived during the height of the Ottoman Empire, and this affected his poetry greatly. Love, the joy of living, and nature are the primary subjects of his poems. Although almost no Sufi influence is foun...
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Cross-listed in Educators

Mihaly Bakos

aka: Mihály, Miháo Bakoš, Mihael Bakoš
borndied
1742 ca1803, Apr 9
a Hungarian Slovene Lutheran priest, author, and educator. Between 1784 and 1785, Bakos served as pastor in Križevci (Hungarian Tótkeresztúr), in Prekmurje. He later returned to Somogy, where he served as the dean for Somogy and Zala counties. In 1791, he wrote the Slovene hymnal Krszcsánszke peszmene knige (Christian Hymnal).
Links (1)


Mikhail Bakunin

borndied
1814, May 181876, Jul 1
a Russian revolutionary anarchist, and founder of collectivist anarchism. He is considered among the most influential figures of anarchism, and one of the principal founders of the "social anarchist" tradition. Bakunin's enormous prestige as an activist made him one of the most famous ideologues in Europe, and he gained substantial influence among radicals t...
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Richard Balam

bornactivedied
unknown1650sunknown
an English mathematician. Balam was the author of Algebra, or the Doctrine of composing, inferring, and resolving an Equation (1653). It is a possible source of developments in John Wallis, Mathesis Universalis (1657), relating to geometric progressions treated as an axiomatic theory.
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Alan Balatine

bornactivedied
unknown1530s-1560unknown
a supposed historian mentioned by Edward Hall in the list of the English writers from whose works he compiled his Chronicle. The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography makes it clear that this person is very likely a misnomer for John Bellenden, and never actually existed.
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Cesare Balbo

aka: Conte di Vinadio
borndied
1789, Nov 211853, Jun 3
an Italian writer and statesman. Reluctantly,and with frequent endeavours to obtain some appointment, he gave himself up to literature as the only means left him to influence the destinies of his country. The great object of his labours was to help in securing the independence of Italy from foreign control. Of true Italian unity he had no expectation and no ...
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Bernardino Baldi

borndied
1553, Jun 61617, Oct 10
an Italian mathematician and writer. He is said to have written upwards of a hundred different works, the chief part of which have remained unpublished. His various works show his abilities as a theologian, mathematician, geographer, antiquary, historian and poet. The Cronica dei Matematici (published at Urbino in 1707) is an abridgment of a larger work on w...
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William Baldwin

bornactivedied
unknown1547-1569unknown
an English author. From the West Country, England, Baldwin studied logic and philosophy at Oxford. On leaving Oxford, he became a corrector of the press to the printer Edward Whitchurch. During the reigns of Edward VI and Queen Mary, it appears that Baldwin was employed in preparing theatrical exhibitions for the court. Of Baldwin's closing years we have no ...
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Cross-listed in Clergy

Edward Baldwyn

borndied
17461817, Feb 11
an English clergyman and pamphleteer. Baldwyn was educated at St John's College, Oxford (B.A., 1767; M.A., 1784). For some years he was resident in Yorkshire, master of Bradford Grammar School from 1784. Under the pseudonym of 'Trim,' he engaged in a literary squabble with the Rev. William Atkinson and other clergymen (John Crosse, and Atkinson's brother Joh...
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Cross-listed in Clergy

John Bale

borndied
1495, Nov 211563, Nov
an English churchman, historian and controversialist, and Bishop of Ossory. He wrote the oldest known historical verse drama in English (on the subject of King John), and developed and published a very extensive list of the works of British authors down to his own time, just as the monastic libraries were being dispersed. His unhappy disposition and habit of...
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Cross-listed in Clergy

Robert Bale

borndied
unknown1503, Nov 11
an English Carmelite friar and scholar. Bale was a native of Norfolk, and when very young entered the Carmelite monastery at Norwich. Having a great love of learning, he spent a portion of every year in the Carmelite priories at Oxford or Cambridge. He became prior of the monastery of his order at Turnham Norton. Bale enjoyed a high reputation for learning, ...
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Clara Lucas Balfour

borndied
1808, Dec 211878
an English temperance campaigner, lecturer and author. In the period 1837 to 1840, Balfour wrote Common Sense versus Socialism, a tract directed at a local Owenite group. Jane Carlyle called to thank her, and began a friendship. Importantly in practical terms, around this time Balfour also met the campaigner John Dunlop of Gairbraid. He gave her paid editori...
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Francis Balfour

bornactivedied
unknown1810sunknown
a British medical officer and medical author who lived and worked primarily in British India. The Forms of Harken translated into English by Francis Balfour, was published at Calcutta in 1781, and republished in London in 1804. It is a state letter-writer in Persian; a vocabulary is given by the translator at the end. Balfour was one of the earliest members ...
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James Balfour

aka: Lord Pittendreich
borndied
1525 ca1583
a Scottish legal writer, judge and politician. He wrote a major work on Scots law, called Practicks. This was completed about 1579 and was widely circulated in manuscript copies. It was published in 1754, and republished in 1962: Peter G B McNeil (ed), The Practicks of Sir James Balfour of Pittendreich (1962, Stair Society).
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Cross-listed in Physicians

Charles Balguy

borndied
17081767, Feb 28
an English physician and translator. He practised at Peterborough, and was secretary of the literary club there. He contributed to the ' Philosophical Transactions, and in 1741 he published, anonymously, a translation of Giovanni Boccaccio's Decameron. This was the best translation in English at the time and was reprinted several times. He wrote some medical...
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Cross-listed in Clergy

Antoine de Balinghem

borndied
15711630, Jan 24
a Belgian Jesuit. He was the author of Moral Theology books and ascetic. He studied philosophy at Brescia for three years and then returned to the Netherlands . He was Professor of philosophy and humanities at the college Anchin of Douai then at Louvain , he was ordained priest in 1598 and spent the rest of his life teaching and translating many books of the...
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Charles Ball

borndied
1780unknown
an African-American slave from Maryland, best known for his account as a fugitive slave, The Life and Adventures of Charles Ball (1837). Charles Ball lived in Calvert county, Maryland, until about age four. After his mother died in the 1780s, Charles and his other three siblings were all sold to separate purchasers. Ball's history/memoir is a fascinating rea...
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Edward George Ballard

borndied
1791, Apr 221860, Feb 14
an English miscellaneous writer. He helped John Gough Nichols in the works undertaken for the Camden Society. In 1848 he brought out some parts of a continuation of John Strype's Ecclesiastical Annals in a publication called the Surplice, but this paper and Ballard's scheme soon came to an end. He wrote occasionally in The Gentleman's Magazine, and in Notes ...
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George Ballard

borndied
1706 ca1755, Jun
an English antiquary and biographer, the author of Memoirs of British Ladies (1752). This quarto volume was published by subscription, and dedicated to Sarah Talbot of Kineton, the wife of the clergyman William Talbot of Kineton who had helped him receive patronage as a young man, and Mary Delany. The first woman treated by Ballard's Memoirs was Juliana of N...
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Cross-listed in Clergy

Istvan Baller

aka: István Ballér, Balliér
borndied
1760, Aug 281835, Apr 2
an ethnic Slovene Lutheran priest, dean of Zala and Somogy, and writer. He lived and worked in the Kingdom of Hungary. Born in the Slovene Circumscription (Prekmurje) in the village of Lon?arovci (then officially Ger?háza), he received his schooling in ?rség and Nemescsó and higher education in Sopron. He was successively cantor and teacher among the Somo...
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Cross-listed in Explorers

Jacques Balmat

borndied
17621834
a mountaineer, a Savoyard mountain guide, born in the Chamonix valley in Savoy, at this time part of the Kingdom of Sardinia. A chamois hunter and collector of crystals, Balmat completed the first ascent of Mont Blanc with physician Michel-Gabriel Paccard on 8 August 1786. For this feat, King Victor Amadeus III gave him the honorary title le Mont Blanc. Balm...
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Cross-listed in Clergy

James Balmford

borndied
15561623+
an English clergyman. Balmford published in 1594 a Short and Plaine Dialogue concerning the unlawfulness of playing at cards, London. This short tract against card games is dedicated to the mayor, aldermen, and burgesses of Newcastle-on-Tyne. It is stated in Hazlitt's Handbook that the Dialogue appeared also in broadside form. In 1623 there was a religious c...
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Honore de Balzac

aka: Honoré
borndied
1799, May 201850, Aug 18
a French novelist and playwright. The novel sequence La Comédie Humaine, which presents a panorama of post-Napoleonic French life, is generally viewed as his magnum opus. Owing to his keen observation of detail and unfiltered representation of society, Balzac is regarded as one of the founders of realism in European literature. He is renowned for his multi-...
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John Bancks

aka: Banks
borndied
17091751, Apr 19
an English writer. Very little is known about the details of his life. Bancks was born in Sonning, Berkshire, and became apprenticed to a weaver in Reading. He suffered an accident, and left the apprenticeship before completion, becoming a bookseller in Spitalfields. He wrote poetry and biography, including works on the lives of Jesus, more
Links (1)


Cross-listed in Clergy

George Bancroft

borndied
unknown1573 ca
an English clergyman and translator. He was rector of Grittleton, Wiltshire, and chaplain to William Parr, 1st Marquess of Northampton, in the 1540s. Under Mary I of England Bancroft was sheltered by the patronage of Andrew Baynton, having a living at Bromham when he ...
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John Bancroft

borndied
unknown1696
an English dramatist, by profession a surgeon. He was buried in St. Paul's Church, Covent Garden. He is said to have had a good practice among frequenters of the theatres, and to have been led to write for the stage. One tragedy, the materials for which are drawn from Plutarch, is unquestionedly his. This is Sertorius, which was licensed for performance 10 M...
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Angelo Maria Bandini

borndied
1726, Sep 251803
an Italian author and librarian born in Florence. Having been left an orphan in his infancy, he was supported by his uncle, Giuseppe Bandini, a lawyer of some note. He received his education among the Jesuits, and showed a special inclination for the study of antiquities. In 1747 he undertook a journey to Vienna, in company with the bishop of Volterra, for w...
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Cathrinus Bang

borndied
1822, Jun 101898, Jun 4
a Norwegian literary historian. Little is known about his life. He was born in Drammen, and unmarried adoptive father of physician and feminist Dagny Bang. He was appointed professor of Scandinavian literature at the University of Oslo from 1869. Bang was the first holder of this chair, and was succeeded by Gerhard Gran.
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Cross-listed in PhysiciansEducators

John Banister [1]

borndied
15331610
an English anatomist, surgeon and teacher. He published The Historie of Man, from the most approved Authorities in this Present Age in 1578. He edited Hans Jacob Wecker, with corrections, ‘A Compendious Chyrurgerie gathered and translated (especially) out of Wecker,’ London, 1585. He compiled a collection of remedies and prescriptions, ‘An Antidotarie ...
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Richard Banister

borndied
unknown1626
an English oculist of Stamford, Lincolnshire. He was educated under his relative, John Banister, the surgeon. He devoted himself especially to certain branches of surgery, such as ‘the help of hearing by the instrument, the cure of the hare-lip and the wry-neck, and diseases of the eyes.’ In 1622 Banister published a second edition of a Treatise of One H...
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Cross-listed in Clergy

John Bankhead

borndied
17381833
an Irish presbyterian minister. In 1786 he published a catechism, valuable as indicating the departure from the old standards of doctrine, already hinted at in the terms of his subscription. The questions are precisely those of the Westminster Shorter Catechism; the answers are naked extracts from Scripture, without comment. In the second edition, 1825, a fu...
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George Linnaeus Banks

borndied
1821, Mar 21881, May 3
husband of author Isabella Banks, was a British journalist, editor, poet, playwright, amateur actor, orator, and Methodist. George was born in Birmingham, the son of a seedsman familiar with the plant nomenclature of Carl Linnaeus. After a brief experience in a...
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George Bannatyne

borndied
15451608
an Edinburgh merchant and burgess. He is, however, most famous as a collector of Scottish poems. He was a native of Angus. He compiled an anthology of the Scots poetry of his age. His work extended to eight hundred folio pages, divided into five parts. The Bannatyne Manuscript is, with the Asloan and Maitland manuscripts, one of the great sources of Middle S...
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Cross-listed in Clergy

Richard Bannatyne

borndied
unknown1605
a Scottish clergyman and scribe who served as secretary to John Knox. Little is known about the details of his life. His place in history is substantiated in his role as the compiler of the historical record, Memorials of Transactions in Scotland from 1569 to 1573.
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Cross-listed in Astronomers

Benjamin Banneker

bornactivedied
1731, Nov 91753-17971806, Oct 9
a free African American almanac author, surveyor, naturalist and farmer. His knowledge of astronomy helped him author a commercially successful series of almanacs. He corresponded with Thomas Jefferson, drafter of the United States Declaration of Independence...
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John Bannister

borndied
18161873, Aug 30
an English philologist. Bannister was the son of David Bannister, by his wife Elizabeth Greensides. He was born at York on 25 February 1816, and educated at Trinity College, Dublin (B.A., 1844; M.A., 1853; LL.B. and LL.D., 1866). He was curate of Longford, Derbyshire, 1844–5, and perpetual curate of Bridgehill, Duffield, Derbyshire, from 1846 till 1857, wh...
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Pierre-Marie-Francois Baour-Lormian

aka: Pierre-Marie-François, Louis-Pierre-Marie-François, Pierre-Marie-François-Louis or Pierre-Marie-Louis
borndied
1770, Mar 241854, Dec 18
a French poet and writer. Baour-Lormian was born at Toulouse. Baour first published satires, then in translations in verse (1795) of Ossian's poems and of Torquato Tasso Jerusalem Delivered. He successfully put on a production of the tragedy of Omasis, ou Joseph en Égypte as well as the operas La Jérusalem délivrée, Aminte, and Alexandre à Babylone. He ...
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Yevgeny Baratynsky

bornactivedied
1800, Feb 191820-18441844, Jul 11
A poet, lauded by Alexander Pushkin as the finest Russian elegiac poet. A member of the noble Baratynsky, or, more accurately, Boratynsky family (ru), the future poet received his education at the Page Corps at St. Petersburg, from which he was expelled at t...
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Thomas Barbar

bornactivedied
unknown1580sunknown
an English divine. His name is attached to the ‘Book of Discipline,’ and he belonged to the presbyterian church at Wandsworth, formed as early as 1572. In 1591 he was examined in the Star Chamber with other puritan divines for having taken part with Cartwright and others in a synod held at St. John's College, Cambridge, in 1589, when it was agreed to cor...
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Anna Laetitia Barbauld

borndied
1743, Jun 201825, Mar 9
a prominent English poet, essayist, literary critic, editor, and children's author. A "woman of letters" who published in multiple genres, Barbauld had a successful writing career at a time when female professional writers were rare. She was a noted teacher at the Palgrave Academy and an innovative children's writer; her primers provided a model for pedagogy...
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Francois Barbe-Marbois

aka: François Barbé-Marbois
borndied
1745, Jan 311837, Feb 12
a French politician. In 1829 he wrote the book Histoire de la Louisiane et la cession de cette colonie par la France aux Etats-Unis de l'Amérique septentrionale ; précédée d'un discours sur la constitution et le gouvernement des Etats-Unis ("History of Louisiana and of Its Cession to the United States of Northern America; Preceded by a Discourse on the C...
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Cross-listed in Clergy

Edward Barber

borndied
unknown1674 ca
an English Baptist minister. Barber was originally a clergyman of the established church, but long before the beginning of the civil wars he adopted the principles of the baptists. He had numerous followers, who assembled for worship in the Spital in Bishopsgate Street, London, and appear to have been the first congregation among the baptists that practised ...
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Jules Amedee Barbey d'Aurevilly

aka: Jules Amédée
borndied
1808, Nov 21889, Apr 23
a French novelist and short story writer. He specialised in mystery tales that explored hidden motivation and hinted at evil without being explicitly concerned with anything supernatural. He had a decisive influence on writers such as Auguste Villiers de l'Isle-Adam, Henry James and Marcel Proust.
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Henri Auguste Barbier

borndied
1805, Apr 291882, Feb 13
a French dramatist and poet. Barbier was born in Paris, France. He was inspired by the July Revolution and poured forth a series of eager, vigorous poems, denouncing the evils of the time. They are spoken of collectively as the Iambes (1831), though the designation is not strictly applicable to all. As the name suggests, they are modelled on the verse...
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Niccolo Barbieri

aka: Niccolò
borndied
15861641
an Italian writer and actor of the commedia dell'arte theatrical genre. He was also known as Beltrame di Milano ("Beltrame of Milan") in reference to one of his most popular characters, Beltrame; this was the main character of one of Barbieri's best known plays, L'inavertito, which is known to have inspired more
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Cross-listed in Explorers

Duarte Barbosa

bornactivedied
1480 ca1500-15211521, May 1
a Portuguese writer and Portuguese India officer between 1500 and 1516–1517, with the post of scrivener in Cannanore factory and sometimes interpreter of the local language (Malayalam). His Book of Duarte Barbosa (Livro de Duarte Barbosa) is one of the earliest examples of Portuguese travel literature, written c. 1516, shortly after the arrival in the Indi...
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Gabrielle-Suzanne Barbot de Villeneuve

borndied
1685, Nov 281755, Dec 29
a French author influenced by Madame d'Aulnoy, Charles Perrault, and various précieuse writers. She is particularly noted for her La Belle et la Bête, which is the oldest known variant of the fairy tale Beauty and the Beast.
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Alexander Barclay

borndied
1476 ca1552, Jun 10
an English/Scottish poet. From the numerous incidental references in his works, and from his knowledge of European literature, it may be inferred that he spent some time abroad. Thomas Cornish, suffragan bishop in the diocese of Bath and Wells, and provost of Oriel College, Oxford, from 1493 to 1507, appointed him chaplain of the college of Ottery St Mary, D...
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John Barclay

borndied
1582, Jan 281621, Aug 15
a Scottish writer, satirist and neo-Latin poet. His early education was obtained at the Jesuit College at Pont-a-Mousson. While there, at the age of nineteen, he wrote a commentary on the Thebais of Statius. In 1609 Barclay edited the De Potestate Papae, an anti-papal treatise by his father, who had died in the preceding year, and in 1611 he issued an Apolog...
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Cross-listed in Governance

Robert Barclay

borndied
1648, Dec 231690, Oct 3
a Scottish Quaker, one of the most eminent writers belonging to the Religious Society of Friends and a member of the Clan Barclay. He was also governor of the East Jersey colony in North America through most of the 1680s, although he himself never resided in the colony. Barclay was an absentee governor, never having set foot in the colony. he governed throug...
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William Barclay

borndied
1570 ca1630 ca
a Scottish writer on miscellaneous subjects. He was educated for the pursuit of medicine, but is best known by a pamphlet, printed in Edinburgh in 1614, and entitled Nepenthes, or the Vertues of Tobacco. Barclay studied at Louvain under the learned Justus Lipsius, to whom he afterwards addressed several letters which have been printed. Two years after the ap...
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Cross-listed in Physicians

Samuel Bard

bornactivedied
1742, Apr 11765-18131821, May 24
an American physician who founded the first medical school in New York City and the second medical school in the United States at King's College, now known as Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons. He was a personal physician to George Washington. His description of the disease diphtheria was instrumental in formulating treatment for that co...
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Pierre Bardin

borndied
15901635, May 29
born in Rouen, was a French philosopher and mathematician and Doctor of Letters. He was one of the first members of the Académie française and the first occupant of Seat 29. He studied at the Jesuit philosophy, mathematics and theology. He is the author of a book on the label of the Grand Chamberlain of France , published in 1623 , and a paraphrase of Eccl...
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Cross-listed in Physicians

Sir James Lomax Bardsley

borndied
1801, Jul 71876, Jul 10
an English physician. In 1834 he became president of the Manchester Medical Society, and in 1850 a similar position in the Manchester Medico-Ethical Association was given to him. Bardsley published a volume of Hospital Facts and Observations in 1830, wrote the articles on diabetes and hydrophobia in the Cyclopædia of Practical Medicine (1833), and made othe...
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Cross-listed in Physicians

Samuel Argent Bardsley

borndied
1764, Apr 271851, May 29
an English physician. Dr. Bardsley published in 1800 ‘Critical Remarks on the Tragedy of Pizarro, with Observations on the subject of the Drama;’ and in 1807 a volume of ‘Medical Reports of Cases and Experiments, with Observations chiefly derived from Hospital practice; also an Enquiry into the Origin of Canine Madness.’ To the ‘Memoirs’ of the L...
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Giuseppe Marc'Antonio Baretti

borndied
1719, Apr 241789, May 5
an Italian literary critic, poet, writer, translator, linguist and author of two influential language-translation dictionaries. During his years in England he was often known as Joseph Baretti. Baretti's life was marked by controversies. Baretti's first notable work was the Italian Library (1757), a useful catalogue of the lives and works of several Italian ...
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Cross-listed in Physicians

Thomas Foster Barham

borndied
1794, Sep 101869, Mar 3
an English physician and classical scholar. Dr. Barham published many theological works, including A Monthly Course of Forms of Prayer for Domestic Worship and (with the Rev. Henry Acton) a volume of Forms of Prayer for Public Worship. His chief work, which dealt with many social questions -- such as temperance, cultivation of waste lands and small farms —...
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Jane Barker

borndied
16521732
a popular English fiction writer, poet, and a staunch Jacobite. She went into self-imposed exile when James II fled England during the Glorious Revolution in 1688. Although not known for her letter writing, four extant letters are located in the British Library and within the Magdalen Manuscript at the Oxford Magdalen library, written between 1670-88. Jane B...
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Cross-listed in Physicians

John Barker

borndied
17081748
an English medical writer. While at Salisbury he published in 1742 ‘An Inquiry into the Nature, Cause, and Cure of the Epidemic Fever of that and the two preceding years.’ In this treatise he objected to bleeding as a part of the treatment, and was consequently attacked by another Salisbury physician, a Mr. Hele, in a local newspaper. Barker replied in a...
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Matthew Henry Barker

borndied
17901846, Jun 29
an English sailor, journalist, newspaper editor and writer of sea tales. Under the name of ‘The Old Sailor,’ he wrote a number of lively and spirited sea-tales, very popular in their day. He was naval editor of the United Service Gazette, and a frequent contributor to the Literary Gazette, Bentley's Miscellany, and the Pictorial Times. For some astronomi...
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Samuel Barker

borndied
16861759
an English Hebraist. He wrote (in Latin) several learned tracts, which were collected and published (1761) in one quarto volume after his death, together with a Hebrew grammar, on which he had long been engaged. John Nichols said of it, 'This was a juvenile production - the produce of the ingenious Author's leisure hours.'
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William Higgs Barker

borndied
17441815
an English Hebraist. He was elected master of Queen Elizabeth's Grammar School at Carmarthen 22 July 1767, an office which he held for the rest of his life. He was also rector of Bleddfa from 1793. He published a short work, entitled ‘Grammar of the Hebrew Language adapted to the use of schools, with Biblical examples,’ 1774; and a ‘Hebrew and English ...
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Clement Barksdale

borndied
16091687
an English author. He entered Merton College, Oxford, as ‘a servitor,’ in Lent term 1625, but removed shortly to Gloucester Hall (afterwards Worcester College, Oxford), where he took his degrees in arts. He entered holy orders, and in 1637 acted as chaplain of Lincoln College. In the same year he proceeded to Hereford, where he became master of the free ...
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Caspar Barlaeus

borndied
1584, Feb 121648, Jan 14
a Dutch polymath and Renaissance humanist, a theologian, poet, and historian. Barlaeus published many volumes of poetry, particularly Latin poetry. He also wrote the eulogy that accompanies the 1622 portrait of cartographer Willem Blaeu. Barlaeus was involved in various aspects of cartography and history. He translated Antonio de Herrera's Description of the...
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Cross-listed in Clergy

John Barling

borndied
1804, Aug 111883
an English dissenting minister. He was educated for the ministry at Homerton, and settled as a congregationalist minister at Square Chapel, Halifax, in 1829. His opinions becoming unitarian, he resigned his charge in 1834, and became a worshipper at Northgate End Chapel. After a sojourn of some years in the south of England he returned to Halifax, and made p...
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Cross-listed in ClergyInventors

Edward Barlow

aka: Booth
borndied
16391719
an English priest and mechanician. Barlow invented the rack and snail striking mechanism for striking clocks about 1676. This was a great improvement over the previous mechanism used in striking clocks, the count wheel. This invention was afterwards applied to pocket watches. He wrote several treatises on religion and mechanics.
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Henry Clark Barlow

borndied
1806, May 121876, Nov 8
an English writer on Dante. In 1851 Barlow was in England, where he published a short work ‘Industry on Christian Principles, London, 1851. He published at London ‘Letteratura Dantesca: Remarks on the Reading of the 114th Verse of the 7th Canto of the Paradise of the “Divina Commedia”’ (1857), and two years afterwards ‘Francesca da Rimini, her La...
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Cross-listed in Governance

Joel Barlow

bornactivedied
1754, Mar 241778-18121812, Dec 26
an American poet and diplomat, and French politician. In politics, he supported the French Revolution and was an ardent Jeffersonian republican. He worked as an agent for American speculator William Duer to set up the Scioto Company in Paris in 1788, and to sell worthless deeds to land in the Northwest Territory which it did not own. Scholars believe that he...
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Edward William Barnard

borndied
17911828, Jan 10
an English divine, poet and scholar. In 1817 he published anonymously, 'Poems, founded upon the Poems of Meleager,' which were re-edited in 1818 under the title of 'Trifles, imitative of the Chaster Style of Meleager.' The latter volume was dedicated to Thomas Moore<...
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John Barnard

borndied
unknown1683
the biographer of Peter Heylen. Barnard was the author of a pamphlet in three sheets quarto, entitled Censura Cleri, against scandalous ministers not fit to be restored to the church's livings in prudence, piety, and fame. This was published in the latter end of 1659 or beginning of 1660, ‘to prevent such from being restored to their livings as had been ej...
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Cross-listed in Governance

Ambrose Barnes

borndied
16271710
an English nonconformist and Mayor of Newcastle. Barnes wrote a Breviate of the Four Monarchies, an Inquiry into the Nature, Grounds, and Reasons of Religion, and a Censure upon the Times and Age he lived in. Extracts only from these works, which all display much learning, have been published; they went in manuscript in the library of the Literary and Philos...
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Barnabe Barnes

borndied
1571 ca1609
an English poet. He is known for his Petrarchan love sonnets and for his combative personality, involving feuds with other writers and culminating in an alleged attempted murder. Barnabe Barnes was well acquainted with the work of contemporary French sonneteers, to whom he is largely indebted, and he borrows his title, apparently, from a Neapolitan writer of...
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Cross-listed in Clergy

John Barnes

borndied
unknown1661
an English Benedictine monk. Barnes was a Lancashire man by extraction, if not by birth. He was educated at Oxford University, but after being converted to Catholicism he went to Spain and studied divinity in the University of Salamanca under Juan Alfonso Curiel, who "was wont to call Barnes by the name of John Huss, because of a spirit of contradiction whic...
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Cross-listed in Clergy

William Barnes

borndied
1801, Feb 221886, Oct 7
an English writer, poet, Church of England priest, and philologist. He wrote over 800 poems, some in Dorset dialect, and much other work, including a comprehensive English grammar quoting from more than 70 different languages. Barnes first contributed the Dorset dialect poems for which he is best known to periodicals, including Macmillan's Magazine; a collec...
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Richard Barnfield

borndied
15741620
an English poet. His obscure though close relationship with William Shakespeare has long made him interesting to scholars. It has been suggested that he was the "rival poet" mentioned in Shakespeare's sonnets. In November 1594, in his twenty-first year, Ba...
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Cross-listed in Composers

Ernst Gottlieb Baron

borndied
1696, Feb 171760, Apr 12
a German lutenist, composer and writer on music. In Nuremberg he published his "Historisch-theoretische und practische Untersuchung des Instruments der Lauten", the work for which he is principally remembered. Baron’s Untersuchung is a valuable source of information about lutenists and lute playing in the late Baroque era.
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Cross-listed in Clergy

Robert Baron [1]

borndied
15961639
a Scottish theologian and one of the so-called Aberdeen doctors. He is commemorated in the Calendar of saints of the Scottish Episcopal Church on 28 March. Baron was a firm supporter of the Anglicanising religious policies of Kings James VI and Charles I. He opposed the National Covenant of 1638 both through preaching and writings, including three tracts tha...
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Robert Baron [2]

borndied
1630unknown
an English poet and dramatist. He was a very successful plagiarist, his thefts passing unrecognised for more than a century after his death. Baron's first printed work, "the Cyprian Academy," is dated from "my chambers in Gray's Inn, 1 April 1647." It is dedicated to James Howell, the well-known author of "Epistolæ Ho-Elianæ," who was perhaps his uncle. Ho...
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Cross-listed in Military

Francois Baron de Tott

aka: François Barbé-Marbois
borndied
1733, Aug 171793, Sep 24
an aristocrat and a French military officer of Hungarian origin. Born in Chamigny, a village in northern France, the descendant of a Hungarian nobleman, who had emigrated to the Ottoman Empire and then moved on to France with the cavalry of Count Miklós Bercsényi, and was later raised to the rank of baron. François Baron de Tott's Memoirs were published i...
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Cross-listed in Clergy

Caesar Baronius

aka: Cesare Baronio
borndied
1538, Aug 301607, Jun 30
an Italian cardinal and ecclesiastical historian of the Roman Catholic Church. His best-known works are his Annales Ecclesiastici ("Ecclesiastical Annals") which appear in twelve folio volumes (1588–1607). Baronius' cause of canonization has commenced and he has the title of Servant of God. Pope more
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William Vincent Barre

aka: Barré
borndied
1760 ca1829
a European, a translator and author mainly notable for his writings on Napoleon. In 1805 appeared, in English, Barré's Rise, Progress, Decline, and Fall of Buonaparte's Empire in France, the second part of the former History, which is preceded by an ‘advertisement’ of ten pages, in which he attacks the reviewers of his first book in the Annual Review an...
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Cross-listed in Physicians

Gabino Barreda

borndied
18181881
a Mexican physician and philosopher oriented to French positivism. After participating in the U.S.-Mexican War defending his country as a volunteer, he studied medicine in Paris (1847–1851). There he became acquainted with Auguste Comte's doctrine of positivism, before his first publications in philosophy. Upon returning to Mexico City, he introduced the p...
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Cross-listed in Clergy

John Barret

borndied
16311713
a prominent English Presbyterian divine and writer on religion. Barret was a prolific writer. Many of his books were about leading a Christian life, examples being The Christian Temper, or, A Discourse Concerning the Nature and Properties of the Graces of Sanctification (1678), and The Evil and Remedy of Scandal, a Practical Discourse on Psalm Cxix.Clxv (171...
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William Barrett

borndied
unknown1584
the English consul at Aleppo. He was there when John Eldred and his companion, William Shales, arrived there on 11 June 1584; he died eight days after their arrival, as is recorded in Eldred's narrative. He wrote a treatise on ‘The Money and Measures of Babylon, Balsara, and the Indies, with the Customes, &c.,’ which occupies pp. 406 to 416 of the second...
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Miguel de Barrios

borndied
1625 ca1701, Feb
a Spanish poet and historian from a converso family. He was born in Montilla, Spain and died in Amsterdam. Miguel was the son of a converso, Simon de Barrios—who also called himself Jacob Levi Caniso—and Sarah Valle. His grandfather was Abraham Levi Caniso. To escape the persecution of the Spanish Inquisition, Simon fled to Portugal, and remained for a t...
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Sir George Barrow

aka: 2nd Baronet
borndied
1806, Oct 221876
an English civil servant. In early life Sir George too exhibited poetic taste in a translation of some odes of Anacreon, which was spoken of favourably by William Gifford, first editor of the Quarterly Review. In 1850, Sir George laid the foundation-stone of the Barrow monument erected to his father's memory on the Hill of Hoad, Ulverston. In 1857, Sir Georg...
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Philip Barrow

bornactivedied
unknown1590sunknown
an English medical writer. Barrow was the son of John Barrow, of Suffolk. He obtained from the university of Cambridge, in 1559, a license to practise chirurgery, and in 1572 a similar license to practise physic. It is probable that he practised his profession in London. He is the author of the Method of Phisicke. This popular work, which is dedicated to the...
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Cross-listed in Physicians

William Barrowby

bornactivedied
16821718-17511758, Dec 30
an English physician. Barrowby was born in London, the son of John Barrowby, a physician. He was educated at Eton and Trinity College, Oxford, taking degrees of M.B. in 1709, and of M.D. in 1713. He was elected a fellow of the College of Physicians of London in 1718, and Fellow of the Royal Society in 1721. He is know mostly for his medical writings.
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Cross-listed in Clergy

Henry Barrowe

aka: Barrow
borndied
1550 CA1593, Apr 6
an English Separatist Puritan, executed for his views. In about 1580 or 1581 he was impressed by a sermon; he retired to the country, and was led by study and meditation to a strict form of Puritanism. Subsequently he came into close relations with John Greenwood, the Separatist leader, whose views he adopted. He was associated with "the brethren of the Sepa...
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Cross-listed in Military

Antoine Joseph Barruel-Beauvert

borndied
17561817
a French military officer and journalist. He was born Comte de Barruel-Beauvert, at the castle of Beauvert, in Languedoc, but was impoverished by the Revolution. He took part in some events of the French Revolution. He was also the first biographer of Jean-J...
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Edward Barry

borndied
17591822
an English writer, who mainly wrote on religious and medical topics. During his lifetime he was considered one of the most popular preachers in London, and has published papers and books on multiple topics. The most notable was Friendly Call to a New Species of Dissenters, which was published multiple times. He was grand chaplain to the Freemasons. On one oc...
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Cross-listed in Pirates

Lording Barry

borndied
15801629
a 17th-century English dramatist and pirate. Barry is known as the author of one comedy, Ram Alley, or Merry Tricks (1608), which was included in the second and subsequent editions of Robert Dodsley's Old Plays. Anthony Wood says it was acted by the Children of the King's Revels before 1611. Barry went into debt to finance his theatrical ventures, and was ja...
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John Barston

borndied
1545 ca1612 ca
an English writer, law and 'important civic figure'. There is little known about the details of his life .Barton was from Tewkesbury. He went to St John's College, Cambridge and the Inns of Court. In 1576, he published his work, The Safeguard of Society, describing the corporate life of Tewkesbury.
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Cross-listed in Explorers

Heinrich Barth

bornactivedied
1821, Feb 161844-18641865, Nov 25
a German explorer of Africa and scholar, thought to be one of the greatest European explorers of Africa, as his scholarly preparation, ability to speak and write Arabic, learning African languages, and character meant that he carefully documented the details of the cultures he visited. He was among the first to comprehend the uses of oral history of peoples,...
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Cross-listed in Clergy

John Barthlet

aka: Bartlett
bornactivedied
unknown1560sunknown
an English theological writer. Barthlet was a minister of the Church of England, and held strongly Calvinistic opinions. In 1566 he published a work entitled the ‘Pedegrewe [Pedigree] of Heretiques, wherein is truly and plainely set out the first roote of Heretiques began in the Church since the time and passage of the Gospel, together with an example of t...
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Cross-listed in Artists

Ann Charlotte Bartholomew

borndied
1800, Mar 201862, Aug 18
an English flower and miniature painter, and author. In 1840 she published Songs of Azrael and other poems under the name of Mrs Turnbull. In the same year she became the second wife of the flower painter, Valentine Bartholomew. Her play The Ring, or the Farmer's Daughter, a domestic drama in two acts, appeared in 1845, and another, a farce called It's Only ...
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Cross-listed in Clergy

William Bartlet

borndied
unknown1682
an English independent minister. Bartlet was educated at New Inn Hall, Oxford, was found officiating to a congregation at Wapping in 1647, and was lecturer at Bideford two years later. He was one of the commissioners for Devonshire; was ejected from Bideford 1662; was once imprisoned; and died in 1682.
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Benjamin Bartlett

borndied
17141787
an English numismatical and topographical writer. His only literary venture was a memoir on the Episcopal Coins of Durham, and the Monastic Coins of Reading, minted during the reigns of Edward I, II, and III, appropriated to their respective owners, this having been the substance of a paper read before the Society of Antiquaries on 5 March 1778. He had, howe...
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John Bartlett

borndied
1820, Jun 141905, Dec 3
an American writer and publisher whose best known work, Bartlett's Familiar Quotations, has been continually revised and reissued for a century after his death. He began keeping a commonplace book of quotations to answer queries and in 1855 privately printed the first edition of his Familiar Quotations. That edition of 258 pages contained entries from 169 au...
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Francesco Bartoli

borndied
17451806
an Italian actor born in Bologna, playwright, and writer. He is most remembered today for his biographical dictionary, Notizie istoriche de' comici italiani. It was the first serious attempt to document the lives and works of Italian actors from the commedia dell'arte in 1550 through the late 18th century and is still considered one of the most important sou...
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Cross-listed in PhysiciansScientists

Benjamin Smith Barton

bornactivedied
1766, Feb 101789-18151815, Dec 19
an American botanist, naturalist, and physician. Barton corresponded with naturalists throughout the United States and Europe, and made significant contributions to the scientific literature of his day. In 1803 Barton published Elements of botany, or Outlines of the natural history of vegetables, the first American textbook on botany. Barton's work in...
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Louisa Barwell

borndied
18001885
an English musician and educational writer. At the age of eighteen she was associated with her father in the editorship of the Quarterly Musical Magazine and Review. After her marriage with John Barwell, wine merchant at Norwich (born 1798, died 1876), she devoted attention to educational works, developing a comprehension of child nature, physical and mental...
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Richard Barwell

borndied
1741, Oct 81804, Sep 2
an early trader with the East India Company and amassed one of the largest fortunes in early British India. Barwell was born in Calcutta in 1741 and appointed a writer on the Bengal establishment of the East India Company in 1756 and landed at Calcutta on 21 June 1758. After a succession of lucrative appointments, he was nominated in the Regulating Act (13 G...
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Cross-listed in Composers

Abramo Basevi

borndied
1818, Dec1885, Nov
an Italian musicologist and composer. Basevi was born in Livorno. He began as a physician in Florence (1858) but then devoted himself exclusively to music. His first attempts as a composer failed but in time he composed operas (Romilda ed Ezzelino 1840; and Enrico Howard, 1847) and other music. Basevi was editor of the musical journal L'Armonia. He founded t...
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Cross-listed in Physicians

William Richard Basham

borndied
18041877
an English physician. In 1833 he went to Edinburgh, and took his M.D. degree in the following year. After this he made a voyage to China, where, in a skirmish on the Canton River, he received a wound in the leg. In 1843 he was appointed physician to the Westminster Hospital, and he devoted himself to the school, giving lectures on medicine until 1871. He was...
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Giambattista Basile

aka: Gian Alesio Abbatutis
borndied
15661632, Feb 23
a Neapolitan poet, courtier, and fairy tale collector. Basile's earliest known literary production is from 1604 in the form of a preface to the Vaiasseide of his friend the Neapolitan writer Giulio Cesare Cortese. The following year his villanella Smorza crudel amore was set to music and in 1608 he published his poem Il Pianto della Verging. He is chiefly re...
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Thomas Baskerville

borndied
1812, Apr 261840 ca
an English botanical writer. Baskerville served a four-year apprenticeship to Mr. Soulby, of Ash, Kent. From 1829 to 1834 he attended lectures on anatomy under Jones Quain, dissection under Richard Quain, and surgery under Samuel Cooper. In November 1834 he attended the North London Hospital, obtained the membership of the College of Surgeons on 22 December...
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William Basset

borndied
16441695
an English divine. Basset was the son of Thomas Basset, minister of Great Harborough in Warwickshire, was baptised there 22 October 1644, became a commoner of Magdalen Hall, Oxford, in 1660, and afterwards a demy of Magdalen College, also at Oxford University. He graduated M.A., and took orders, was beneficed first in Surrey, afterwards (1671) at Brinklow in...
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Carlo Bassi

bornactivedied
18071833-18561856
an Italian entomologist. Bassi wrote Description du genre Malacogaster in Guérin-Méneville's Magasin de Zoologie, d'Anatomie com- parée et de Paleontologie 1833 and in the 1834 issue of Annales de la Société entomologique de France) he erected the carabid genus Cardiomera.
Links (1)


Frederic Bastiat

aka: Frédéric
bornactivedied
1801, Jun 301818-18501850, Dec 24
a French classical liberal theorist, political economist, Freemason, and member of the French National Assembly. He was notable for developing the economic concept of opportunity cost, and for introducing the Parable of the Broken Window or the "Glazier's fallacy". His ideas have provided a basis for libertarianism and the Austrian School.
Links (11)


Samuel Batchelder

borndied
1784, Jun 81879, Feb 5
a United States inventor and author. About 1832 he devised the first stop motion to the drawing frame, which afterward was used both in the United States and England. In 1832 he patented the steam cylinders and connections which became universally used in dressing frames for drying yarns. His greatest invention was the dynamometer used for ascertaining the p...
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Links (1)


James Bate

borndied
17031775
an English scholar and writer. He passed B.A. 1723, and was elected fellow shortly after; but he accepted later from the Bishop of Ely a fellowship in St John's College. He commenced M.A. in 1727. In 1730 Bate became moderator of the university, and in 1731 one of the taxers. Bate accompanied more
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Julius Bate

borndied
17111771, Jan 20
an English divine, known as a Hutchinsonian and Hebraist. He entered St. John's College, Cambridge, became B.A. 1730, and M.A. 1740. Bate, in 1745, wrote a pamphlet called Remarks upon Mr. Warburton's remarks, showing that the ancients knew there was a future state, and that the Jews were not under an equal providence. Bate published other pamphlets in defen...
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Links (1)


David Bates

borndied
1809, Mar 61870, Jan 25
an American poet. He was born in Indian Hill, Ohio, and educated in Buffalo, New York, before working in first Indianapolis then Philadelphia. In 1849, he published a volume of poetry, Eolian. Among his best-known works are "Speak Gently", which was parodied by Lewis Carroll in Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, as well as "Chiding", and "Childhood".
Links (1)


Cross-listed in Explorers

Henry Walter Bates

bornactivedied
1825, Feb 81843-1880s1892, Feb 16
an English naturalist and explorer who gave the first scientific account of mimicry in animals. He was most famous for his expedition to the rainforests of the Amazon with Alfred Russel Wallace, starting in 1848. Wallace returned in 1852, but lost his c...
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Links (1)


Elizabeth Bath

bornactivedied
1776, Feb 171800s1844, Oct 3
the author of a collection of sixty-six poems published by subscription in 1806 in Bristol. She was a member of the Society of Friends. Elizabeth Bath's book is dedicated to a friend "whose sincerity is equaled only by the stability which has ever marked her character." The poems take a variety of forms — some are sonnets; some are longer poems — and the...
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Cross-listed in Physicians

Richard Bathurst

borndied
unknown1762
a British essayist and physician, born in Jamaica and sent to England to study medicine. In 1745 he took the degree of M.B. at Peterhouse, Cambridge, and afterwards studied medicine in London. In September 1754 Bathurst was elected physician to the Middlesex Hospital, but went to Barbadoes, whence he wrote two letters to Johnson in 1757 (published by Croker)...
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Theodore Bathurst

borndied
unknown1651
an English poet and translator who wrote in the Latin language. His most notable work is Calendarium Pastorale (English: The Pastoral Calendar). While at Pembroke, he executed his translation of Spenser's ‘Shepherd's Calendar’. This translation had the honour of being highly commended by Sir Richard Fanshawe, who has himself left us specimens of Latin tr...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Clergy

Stephen Batman

aka: Bateman
borndied
unknown1584
an English translator and author. Batman was born at Bruton, Somerset and, after a preliminary education in the school of his native town, went to Cambridge, where he had the reputation of being a learned man and an excellent preacher. It is supposed he was the Bateman who in 1534 took the degree of LL.B., being at that time a priest and a student of six yea...
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Janos Batsanyi

aka: János Batsányi
borndied
1763, May 91845, May 12
a Hungarian poet. In 1785, he published his first work, a patriotic poem, "The Valour of the Magyars". In the same year he obtained a job as clerk in the treasury of the Hungarian city of Kassa (Kosice), and there, in conjunction with other two Hungarian patriots, edited the Magyar Museum, which was suppressed by the government in 1792.
Links (1)


Cross-listed in PhysiciansScientistsEducators

William Batt

bornactivedied
1744, Jun 181770-18091812, Feb 9
an English physician, chemist, and botanist. On completing his studies he returned to England, but on account of his health he subsequently removed to Genoa, where he obtained an extensive medical practice, and in 1774 was appointed professor of chemistry in the university. Previous to this the study of chemistry in the university of Genoa had been much negl...
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Konstantin Batyushkov

borndied
1787, May 181855, Jul 7
a Russian poet, essayist and translator of the Romantic era. He also served in the diplomatic corps, spending an extended period in 1818 and 1819 as a secretary to the Russian diplomatic mission at Naples. 1802 is conventionally considered the beginning of Batyushkov's poetic career. He wrote in a letter to Nikolai Gnedich on 1 April 1810 that he had compose...
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Florian Baucke

aka: Paucke, Pauke
borndied
1719, Sep 241779, Jul 14
a Silesian and Bohemian Jesuit missionary, who recorded the native traditions of South America. Baucke was born in Winzig, Austrian Silesia. On 1736, He became a member of the Society of Jesus (Jesuite). He worked mainly in the Río de la Plata, Imperial Spain, and drew and painted the customs of the region. He returned to Austria and Bohemia on 1768. He die...
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Antoine Baudeau de Somaize

aka: sieur de Somaize
bornactivedied
1630 ca1660sunknown
a secretary to Marie Mancini, niece of Cardinal Mazarin. There is not much information known about the details of his life. He published a Grand Dictionnaire des Prétieuses, ou La Clef de la Langue des Ruelles in 1660; a much enlarged edition was published in 1661. The same year he published a comedy, Le Procez des prétieuses, en vers burlesques.
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Charles Baudelaire

borndied
1821, Apr 91867, Aug 31
a French poet who also produced notable work as an essayist, art critic, and pioneering translator of Edgar Allan Poe. His first published work was his art review "Salon of 1845", which attracted immediate attention for its boldness. Many of his critical opini...
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Cross-listed in Legal

Francois Baudouin

aka: François Balduinus
borndied
15201573
a French jurist, Christian controversialist and historian. Among the most colourful of the noted French humanists, he was respected by his contemporaries as a statesman and jurist, even as they frowned upon his perceived inconstancy in matters of faith: he was noted as a Calvinist who converted to Catholicism. Baudouin was a prolific writer on juridical and ...
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Eduard von Bauernfeld

borndied
1802, Jan 131890, Aug 9
an Austrian dramatist, was born at Vienna. As a writer of comedies and farces, Bauernfeld takes high rank among the German playwrights of the century; his plots are clever, the situations witty and natural and the diction elegant. His earliest essays, the comedies Leichtsinn aus Liebe (1831); Des Liebes-Protokoll (1831) and Die ewige Liebe (1834); Burgerlich...
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Jacob Bauthumley

borndied
16131692
a significant English radical religious writer, usually identified as a central figure among the Ranters. He is known principally for The light and dark sides of God (1650). This work was regarded as blasphemous. After the Blasphemy Act of August 1650, he was arrested, convicted, and bored or burned through the tongue. Bauthumley denied that the Bible was th...
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Guillaume Bautru

aka: comte de Serrant
borndied
15881665, Mar 7
a French satirical poet, court favourite and a protégé and diplomatic agent of cardinal Richelieu. He was lord of Louvaines, conseiller d'État under Louis XIII and ...
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William Bavand

bornactivedied
unknown1550sunknown
an English writer. Bavand, having been educated at Oxford, became a student in the Middle Temple, and published in 1559 ‘A work touching the good ordering of a Common Weale in 9 Books,’ a translation from Ferrarius Montanus. The book is dedicated to Queen Elizabeth. Scattered up and down the work are several verse-translations of passages from classical ...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Composers

Baroness Sophie Bawr

aka: Comtesse de Saint-Simon, Baronne de Bawr, M. François
borndied
1773, Oct 81860, Dec 31
a French writer, playwright and composer. Her Suite d'un bal masque was highly successful and received 246 performances between 1813 and 1869. Alexandrine-Sophie de Bawr wrote plays, musical theater, songs, several novels, educational texts and her own memoirs. Her nonfiction texts provide important historical information.
Links (1)


George A. Baxter

borndied
1771, Jul 221841
an American university administrator. He served as the President of Washington and Lee University and Hampden–Sydney College. His publications include An Essay on the Abolition of Slavery, published in Richmond in 1836. It argued that slaves were better off in slavery than they would be in freedom. It was a response to the rising tide of abolitionist actio...
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Cross-listed in Clergy

Roger Baxter

borndied
17841827, May 24
an English Jesuit, a Catholic missionary in the United States. Baxter was a native of Walton-le-Dale, near Preston, in Lancashire. He finished his studies at Stonyhurst College, and entered the Society of Jesus in 1810. After rendering great services to the missions of Maryland and Pennsylvania, he died at Philadelphia.
Links (1)


Cross-listed in Physicians

Robert Bayfield

bornactivedied
16291650s-1660sunknown
an English physician. He was born in Norwich and wrote with much energy on both religious and medical subjects. He was the author of Enchiridion Medicum (1655), Exercitationes Anatomicæ (1668), Treatise de morborum capitis essentiis et prognosticis (1663), Bulwarke of Truth (1657) and Tractatus de Tumoribus præter naturam; or a treatise of preternatural T...
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Pierre Bayle

borndied
1647, Nov 181706, Dec 28
a French philosopher and writer best known for his seminal work the Historical and Critical Dictionary, published beginning in 1697. Bayle was a Protestant. As a forerunner of the Encyclopedists and an advocate of the principle of the toleration of divergent beliefs, his works subsequently influenced the development of the Enlightenment.
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F. W. N. Bayley

borndied
18081853
an English miscellaneous writer. Bayley, in 1825 accompanied his father, who was in the army, to Barbados, and remained in the West Indies for four years. About the time of his return to England in 1829, he found that he was able to write in verse with considerable facility. He conducted a publication called the Omnibus, and was the first editor of the Illus...
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Sir John Bayley

aka: 1st Baronet
borndied
17631841
an English judge. Though nominated for King's College, Cambridge, he did not go up to the university, and was admitted to Gray's Inn on 12 November 1783. After practising some time as a special pleader, he was called to the bar on 22 June 1792, and went the home circuit. In 1799 he became a serjeant-at-law, and was for some time recorder of Maidstone. In May...
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Cross-listed in Clergy

Robert Bayley

borndied
1800 ca1859, Nov 14
an English independent minister. Bayley was educated at Highbury Theological College, and on quitting that institution was appointed to a pastorate at Louth, Lincolnshire. After some years of labour at that place he removed (1835) to Sheffield to take charge of the Howard Street congregation, where he remained for about ten years. While there he exerted hims...
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Solomon Bayley

borndied
1771 ca1839 ca
an African American slave who was born in Delaware. He is best known for his 1825 autobiography entitled A Narrative of Some Remarkable Incidents in the Life of Solomon Bayley, Formerly a Slave in the State of Delaware, North America. Bayley's birth and death dates were never recorded like many African Americans who lived in America during the 19th century, ...
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Cross-listed in Clergy

Anselm Bayly

borndied
unknown1794
an English churchman and author of various works, chiefly of a theological and critical nature. He was also a singer and musical theorist, associated with the performance of works by George Frideric Handel. Bayly was educated at Christ Church, Oxford, whe...
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Cross-listed in Legal

John Baynes

borndied
17581787
an English lawyer and miscellaneous writer. Baynes contributed political articles to the London Courant. He wrote (anonymously) political verses and translations from French and Greek poems; some of these were published in the European Magazine (xii. 240). He is mentioned by Andrew Kippis as supplying materials for the Biographia Britannica. The archæologic...
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Links (1)


Paul Baynes

borndied
1573 ca1617
an English clergyman. Described as a “radical Puritan”, he was unpublished in his lifetime, but more than a dozen works were put out in the five years after he died. His commentary on Ephesians is his best known work; the commentary on the first chapter, itself of 400 pages, appeared in 1618. Baynes was an important influence on the following generation ...
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Cross-listed in Physicians

Thomas Baynton

borndied
1761, Oct 51820, Aug 31
an English medical writer and surgeon. Baynton was from Bristol, where he served his apprenticeship with Mr. Smith, a physician of considerable eminence. He afterwards acquired a large practice of his own, and obtained a high reputation by discoveries in the curative part of his profession, especially in the treatment of ulcers and wounds. He published Descr...
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Links (1)


John Beadle

borndied
unknown1667
an English clergyman, known as a diarist. Beadle was one of the 'classis' for the county of Essex. He was also one of the signatories to the historical' Essex Testimony.' In 1650 he is returned as 'an able preacher.' He was the author of the Journal or Diary of a Thankful Christian. Presented in some Meditations upon Numbers xxxiii. 2. By John Beadle, Master...
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Cross-listed in Clergy

William Beal

borndied
1815, Sep 91870, Apr 20
an English religious writer. William Beal was born in Sheffield, the son of William Beal, a Wesleyan minister. He was educated at King's College London, and Trinity College, Cambridge, where he graduated B.A. in 1841. In the same year he was ordained deacon. Headmaster of Tavistock Grammar School from 1837 to 1847, he was made vicar of Brooke near Norwich i...
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Cross-listed in Clergy

John Relly Beard

borndied
18001876
an English Unitarian minister, schoolmaster, university lecturer, and translator who co-founded Unitarian College Manchester and wrote more than thirty books. Beard published popular education manuals, theological works and, as both an editor and a journalist, engaged in vigorous Unitarian propaganda. He is best remembered for The Life of Toussaint L'Ouvertu...
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Thomas Beard

bornactivedied
unknown1590s-1620s1632
an English clergyman and theologian, of Puritan views. He is known as the author of The Theatre of God's Judgements, and the schoolmaster of Oliver Cromwell at Huntingdon. Beard's earliest and most famous book first appeared in 1597; a work in the tradi...
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James Beattie

borndied
1735, Oct 251803, Aug 18
a Scottish poet, moralist, and philosopher. He became schoolmaster of the parish of Fordoun in 1753. He took the position of usher at the grammar-school of Aberdeen in 1758. In 1760, he was, to his surprise, appointed Professor of Moral Philosophy at Marischal College (later part of Aberdeen University) as a result of the influence exerted by his close frien...
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Pierre-Francois Godard de Beauchamps

aka: Pierre-François
borndied
16891761, Mar 12
a playwright, theater historian, libertine novelist and French translator. In his youth he was the secretary of François de Neufville, duc de Villeroi, who became governor of the child King Louis XV of France. His most famous works are Arlequin amoureux par enchantement (Harlequin in love by magic) and Les Amans réunis (The lovers of reunion).
Links (1)


Cross-listed in Artists

Jean de Beaugrand

borndied
15841640
the foremost French lineographer of the seventeenth century. Though born in Mulhouse, de Beaugrand moved to Paris in 1581. He also worked as a mathematician and published works on geostatics. He lived and worked in Paris as an artist until his death in 1640.
Links (1)


Cross-listed in Military

Jean de Beaugue

aka: Beaugué
bornactivedied
unknown1540s-1550sunknown
a French soldier who served in Scotland in the 1540s during the war of the Rough Wooing. He wrote a memoir of the fighting which, first published in 1556, is still an important source for historians. Much of the book concerns the activities of the French commander in Scotland, André de Montalembert, who is often called d'Esse in British histories.
Links (1)


Fanny de Beauharnais

borndied
1737, Oct 41813, Jul 2
a French lady of letters and salon-holder. She wrote poetry from her childhood onwards and, after separating from her husband, devoted herself to literature, become friends with literary figures such as Claude Joseph Dorat and Michel de Cubières-Palmézeaux. Her salon became a choice social venue, and she became a member of the Académie des Arcades. In 178...
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Links (1)


Eustorg de Beaulieu

aka: Hector
borndied
1495 ca1552, Jan 8
a French poet, composer and pastor. There is very little information available about the details of his life. He was one of the first French authors to convert to protestantism.
Links (1)


Pierre Beaumarchais

aka: Pierre-Augustin Caron de Beaumarchais
borndied
1732, Jan 241799, May 18
a French polymath. At various times in his life, he was a watchmaker, inventor, playwright, musician, diplomat, spy, publisher, horticulturist, arms dealer, satirist, financier, and revolutionary (both French and American). His name as a writer was established with his first dramatic play, Eugénie, which premiered at the Comédie Française in 1767. This wa...
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Francis Beaumont

borndied
15841616, Mar 6
a dramatist in the English Renaissance theatre, most famous for his collaborations with John Fletcher. He became a student of poet and playwright Ben Jonson; he was ...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Clergy

Joseph Beaumont

borndied
1616, Mar 131699, Nov 23
an English clergyman, academic and poet. In 1644 he was one of the royalist fellows ejected from Cambridge, and he retired to Hadleigh, where he sat down to write his epic poem of Psyche. Beaumont fared particularly well during the Commonwealth. From 1643 he held the rectory of Kelshall in Hertfordshire, as non-resident, and in 1646 he added to this, or exch...
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Robert Beaumont

bornactivedied
unknown1639 caunknown
Master of Trinity College Cambridge from 1561 to 1567 and twice Vice-Chancellor of the University of Cambridge (1564, 1566). Beaumont was a prominent figure in the movement of the Calvinists at Cambridge against conforming to the ordinances of Elizabeth I and Matthew Parker.
Links (1)


Louis de Beaupoil de Saint-Aulaire

borndied
1778, Apr 91854, Nov 13
a French politician. After attending school at the École des ponts et chaussées and polytechnique (Where he graduated in 1794), he served as chamberlain to Napoleon I of France, then prefect of the Meuse in 1813 then of Haute-Garonne in 1814. He was elected to the chambre des députés in 1815, reelected by the Gard département in 1818, 1822 and 1827, but...
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Cross-listed in Military

Francois-Joseph de Beaupoil de Sainte-Aulaire

aka: François-Joseph, marquis de Sainte-Aulaire
borndied
1643, Sep 61742, Dec 17
a French poet and army officer. After a botched education, St. Aulaire entered the army and distinguished himself by his bravery, which led him to Lieutenant General rank. He also frequently fought a duel over a restless youth. He left the military career and came to live in Paris. He was a man of pleasant manners, delicate and sharp. He was welcomed in livi...
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Links (1)


Louis de Beausobre

borndied
1730, Aug 191783, Dec 3
a German philosopher and political economist of French Huguenot descent. Beausobre was educated at the Collège Français in Berlin, where he was taught and greatly influenced by Johann Heinrich Samuel Formey. He went on to study philosophy at Frankfurt an der Oder, and later in Paris. On his return to Berlin he was received as a member of the Prussian Acade...
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Links (1)


Nicolas Beauzee

aka: Beauzée
borndied
1717, May 91789, Jan 23
a French linguist, author of Grammaire générale (published 1767) and one of the main contributors to the Encyclopédie of Denis Diderot and Jean-Baptiste le Rond d'Alembert on the topic of grammar. In 1772 he was named as the successor to Charles Pinot Duclos ...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Clergy

Thomas Beccon

aka: Becon, Theodore Basille
borndied
1511 ca1567
an English cleric and Protestant reformer from Norfolk. He was arrested for Protestant preaching and was forced to recant around 1540. He then began to write under the pen name of Theodore Basille. When Edward VI came to the throne in 1547, Beccon was made chaplain to the Lord Protector. Thomas Cranmer made him one of the Six Preachers of Canterbury, and a c...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in PhysiciansScientists

Johann Joachim Becher

borndied
1635, May 61682, Oct
a German physician, alchemist, precursor of chemistry, scholar and adventurer, best known for his development of the phlogiston theory of combustion, and his advancement of Austrian cameralism. At the beginning of 1680, he presented a paper to the Royal Society in which he attempted to deprive Huygens of the honour of applying the pendulum to the measurement...
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William Thomas Beckford

borndied
1760, Oct 11844, May 2
an English novelist, a profligate and consummately knowledgeable art collector and patron of works of decorative art, a critic, travel writer and sometime politician, reputed at one stage in his life to be the richest commoner in England. His parents were William Beckford and Maria Hamilton, daughter of the Hon. George Hamilton. He was Member of Parliament f...
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Links (1)


Julia Catherine Beckwith

borndied
1796, Mar 101867, Nov 28
credited as being Canada's first novelist. It took nearly over ten years for Beckwith to find someone who would publish her work. In 1824, Hugh C. Thomson agreed to publish St. Ursula’s Convent or, The Nun of Canada; Containing Scenes from Real Life, and as Beckwith wished, as an anonymous author. However only 165 copies were made. After Beckwith's romanti...
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Links (1)


Gustavo Adolfo Becquer

aka: Bécquer
borndied
1836, Feb 171870, Dec 22
a Spanish post-romanticist poet and writer (mostly short stories), also a playwright, literary columnist, and talented in drawing. In 1853, at the age of seventeen, he moved to Madrid to follow his dream of making a name for himself as a poet. A year later, in 1854, he moved to Toledo with his brother Valeriano, a lovely place in which he was able to write h...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Legal

Joseph-Isidore Bedard

aka: Bédard
borndied
1806, Jan 91833, Apr 14
a lawyer and political figure in Lower Canada. He articled in law with Georges-Barthélemi Faribault and was called to the bar in 1829. He was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada for Saguenay in 1830. He opposed an elected legislative council and voted against the expulsion of Robert Christie from the assembly. Bédard wrote the words to the ...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Physicians

Thomas Lovell Beddoes

borndied
1803, Jun 301849, Jan 26
an English poet, dramatist and physician. He published in 1821 The Improvisatore, which he afterwards endeavoured to suppress. His next venture, a blank-verse drama called The Bride's Tragedy (1822), was published and well reviewed, and won for him the friendship of Barry Cornwall. Beddoes' work shows a constant preoccupation with death. He continued to writ...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Clergy

Charles Beecher

borndied
1815, Oct 11900, Apr 21
an American minister, composer of religious hymns and a prolific author. He was the brother of Harriet Beecher Stowe, the famous author of Uncle Tom's Cabin, and the brother of renowned Congregationalist minister, Henry Ward Beecher. He attended Boston Latin School and Lawrence Academy in Groton, Massachusetts, graduated from Bowdoin College in 1834, and the...
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Links (1)


Aphra Behn

aka: Astrea
bornactivedied
1640, Dec 14 ca1670-16881689, Apr 16
a British playwright, poet, translator and fiction writer from the Restoration era. As one of the first English women to earn her living by her writing, she broke cultural barriers and served as a literary role model for later generations of women authors. Rising from obscurity, she came to the notice of Charles II, who employed her as a spy in Antwerp. Upon...
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Timeline (1)Links (1)


John Bekinsau

borndied
1496 ca1559
an English classical scholar and theologian. Bekinsau was educated at Winchester School, and proceeded to New College, Oxford; he was made Fellow of his college in 1520, and took the degree of M.A. in 1526. His only extant work is a treatise De supremo et absoluto Regis imperio (London, 1546), republished in Melchior Goldast's Monarchia in 1611; this work is...
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Links (1)


Vissarion Belinsky

borndied
1811, Jun 111848, Jun 7
a Russian literary critic of Westernizing tendency. He was an associate of Alexander Herzen, Mikhail Bakunin (he at one time courted one of his sisters), and other critical intellectuals. Belinsky played one of the key roles in the career of poet and publisher Nikolay Nekrasov and his popular magazine Sovremennik.
Links (1)


Andrew Bell

bornactivedied
unknown1827-1863unknown
a Scottish-born Canadian journalist. He was well educated. His work and life is well known in the period indicated. Bell was a successful lecturer and journalist in Scotland when he became involved with a collection of letters belonging to General James Wolfe. This, no doubt, attracted him to Canada and he arrived there in about 1857. In 1858 he was the edit...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Clergy

Thomas Bell

bornactivedied
15511573-1610unknown
an English Roman Catholic priest, and later an anti-Catholic writer. He was mentioned in 1592 as one ill-affected to the government, and he shared the fate of other seminary priests in being arrested.After leaving Catholicism he participated in the persecution of Catholics, advocating the use of the rack, leading night time searches of Catholic homes and mad...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Clergy

William Bell

borndied
1780, May 281857, Aug 16
a Presbyterian minister, born in Scotland and an immigrant to Perth, Upper Canada, in 1817. He was a significant figure in promoting and expanding the Presbyterian faith among the settlers in his region. He assisted in starting congregations in Beckwith Township, Lanark, Smiths Falls and Richmond. His carefully constructed diaries and other writings provide ...
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Links (1)


Thomas Bellamy

borndied
17451800, Aug 29
an English tradesman and writer. In 1787 Bellamy started the General Magazine and Impartial Review, which was published for some months. Another venture was Bellamy's Picturesque Magazine and Literary Museum, which contained engraved portraits of living persons, with some account of their lives; but it was a commercial failure. Later he set up The Monthly Mi...
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Links (1)


Francois de Belleforest

borndied
15301583, Jan 1
a prolific French author, poet and translator of the Renaissance. Belleforest wrote on cosmography, morals, literature and history, and he translated the works of Matteo Bandello, Boccaccio, Antonio de Guevara, Lodovico Guicciardini, Polydore Vergil, Saint Cyprian, Sebastian Münster, Achilles Tatius, Cicero and Demosthenes into French. He is also the author...
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John Bellenden

aka: Ballantyne
bornactivedied
unknown1533-1587 caunknown
a Scottish writer of the 16th century. At the request of James V he translated Hector Boece's Historia Gentis Scotorum. This translation, Croniklis of Scotland is a very free one, with a good deal of matter not in the original, so that it may be almost considered as a new work. It was published in 1536 in Edinburgh by Thomas Davidson. Another work, the Banne...
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Cross-listed in Clergy

John Chippendall Montesquieu Bellew

borndied
1823, Aug 31874, Jun 19
an English author, preacher, and public reader. Ordained in 1848, he was appointed a curate of St. Andrews in Worcester, and in 1850 transferred to a curacy at Prescot, Lancashire. In the following year he went to the East Indies. There, almost immediately upon his arrival in 1851 at Calcutta, he was nominated chaplain of St. John's Cathedral there. He held ...
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Links (1)


Giuseppe Gioachino Belli

borndied
1791, Sep 71863, Dec 21
an Italian poet, famous for his sonnets in Romanesco, the dialect of Rome. After a period of employment in straitened circumstances, in 1816 he married a woman of means, Maria Conti, and this enabled him the ease to develop his literary talents. Belli is mainly remembered for his vivid popular poetry in the Roman dialect. He produced some 2,279 sonnets that ...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in ExplorersNavalCartographers

Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen

bornactivedied
1778, Sep 91796-18521852, Jan 13
a Baltic-German officer in the Imperial Russian Navy, cartographer and explorer, ultimately rose to the rank of Admiral. He participated in the first Russian circumnavigation of the globe and subsequently became a leader of another circumnavigation expedition, which discovered the continent of Antarctica.
Timeline (1)Links (1)


Cross-listed in ComposersPerformers

Carl Michael Bellman

bornactivedied
1740, Feb 41768-17911795, Feb 11
a Swedish songwriter, composer, musician, poet and entertainer. He is a central figure in the Swedish song tradition and remains a powerful influence in Swedish music, as well as in Scandinavian literature, to this day. He has been compared to Shakespeare, Ludw...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in ExplorersScientists

Pierre Belon

aka: Pierre Belon du Mans, Petrus Bellonius Cenomanus
borndied
15171564
a French explorer, naturalist, writer and diplomat. Like many others of the Renaissance period, he studied and wrote on a range of topics including ichthyology, ornithology, botany, comparative anatomy, architecture and Egyptology. Belon was typical of the renaissance scholar and took an interest in "all kinds of good disciplines" in his lifetime. He was int...
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Links (1)


Jacques Testu de Belval

borndied
1626 ca1706, Jun
a French ecclesiastic and poet. Best known for his light poetry, he was also a preacher, translator and king's almoner. He was linked with Madame de Sévigné, Madame de Coulanges, Madame de Brancas, Madame de Schomberg, Madame de La Fayette and Marie-Madeleine de Rochechouart, abbess of Fontevrault Abbey. He was elected to the Académie française in 1665 ...
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Links (1)


Claude Bendier

bornactivedied
unknown1670s-1680s1677
a doctor of the Sorbonne, canon of Saint-Quentin, Aisne, and a well-known French bibliophile. Born in Saint-Quentin in an unknown year, he always remained strongly attached to his native city, to which he bequeathed his 3000 volume library on the condition that it be open to the public twice a week. His Life of St. Quentin was read in many primary schools du...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Clergy

Pope Benedict XIV

bornactivedied
1675, Mar 311740-17581758, May 3
Pope of the Roman Catholic Church from 1740 until his death in1758. Perhaps one of the greatest scholars in Christendom, yet often overlooked, he promoted scientific learning, the baroque arts, reinvigoration of Thomism, and the study of the human form. Firmly established with great devotion and adherence to the Council of Trent and authentic Catholic teachi...
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Cross-listed in Clergy

Richard Benese

borndied
unknown1546
a canon of the Augustinian priory of Merton. Benese supplicated for the degree of B.C.L. at Oxford University 6 July 1619. He signed the surrender of the Augustinian priory of Merton to Henry VIII on 16 April 1538. He had previously written a book upon the art and ...
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Links (1)


Elizabeth Benger

borndied
1775, Jun1827, Jan 9
an English biographer, novelist and poet. Elizabeth wanted to become a playwright, but she had no success and soon turned to poetry with a social message. "The Abolition of the Slave Trade" appeared in 1809, with verse by James Montgomery and James Grahame on the same subject. Then came two novels, the second of which was also translated into French. She lat...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in PiratesExplorersMilitary

Maurycy Beniowski

aka: Baron Maurice de Benyowski, Móric Benyovszky, Móric Benyovszky
bornactivedied
1746, Sep 201762-17861786, May 23
a Hungarian nobleman of Polish and Hungarian ancestry. He was an explorer, writer, the self-declared King of Madagascar, and a military officer in the French, Polish, Austrian and American armies. He is considered a national hero in Hungary, Slovakia and Poland.
Links (1)


Cross-listed in Architects

Asher Benjamin

bornactivedied
1773, Jun 151794-18411845, Jul 26
an American architect and author whose work transitioned between Federal style architecture and the later Greek Revival. His seven handbooks on design deeply influenced the look of cities and towns throughout New England until the Civil War. Builders also copied his plans in the Midwest and in the South.
Links (6)


Edward Benlowes

borndied
1603, Jul 121676, Dec 18
an English poet. The son of Andrew Benlowes of Brent Hall, Essex, he matriculated at St Johns College, Cambridge, on 8 April 1620. On leaving the university he travelled with a tutor on the continent, visiting seven courts of princes. Wood says that he returned tinged with Romanism; but according to Cole he had been bred in the Roman Catholic religion from h...
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Links (3)


Anna Maria Bennett

aka: Agnes Maria Bennett
borndied
1750 ca1808, Feb 12
an English novelist. Her best-known work is the epistolary novel Agnes de-Courci. Anna was probably born in Glamorganshire, Wales, the daughter of David Evans, described variously as a customs officer or grocer. She was briefly married to customs officer Thomas Bennett, but while working in a chandler's shop after moving to London, she met Vice-Admiral Thoma...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Composers

Peter Benoit

borndied
1834, Aug 171901, Mar 8
a Flemish composer of Belgian nationality. Benoit's most important compositions include the Flemish oratorios De Schelde (The river Scheldt) and Lucifer (which met complete failure when it was staged in London in 1888), the operas Het Dorp in 't Gebergte (The village in the mountains) and Isa, and the Drama Christi, a huge body of songs, choruses, small cant...
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Links (1)


Isaac de Benserade

borndied
1613, Nov1691, Oct 10
a French poet. Benserade provided the words for the court ballets, and was, in 1674, admitted to the Academy, where he wielded considerable influence. In 1675 he provided the quatrains to accompany the thirty nine hydraulic sculpture groups depicting Aesop's fables in the labyrinth of Versailles. In 1676 the failure of his Métamorphoses d'Ovide in the form ...
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Links (1)


Robert Benson

borndied
1797, Feb 51844, Jun 21
a barrister and author who served as recorder of Salisbury. He became a barrister in 1821 at the bar of the Middle Temple, and practised in the courts of equity. In 1823 he went to Corsica as one of the commissioners to carry out the bequests of former Corsican leader Pasquale Paoli. On his return Benson published a book called Sketches of Corsica; or a Jour...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Legal

Jeremy Bentham

borndied
1747, Feb 41832, Jun 6
an English philosopher, jurist, and social reformer regarded as the founder of modern utilitarianism. Bentham defined as the "fundamental axiom" of his philosophy the principle that "it is the greatest happiness of the greatest number that is the measure of right and wrong." He became a leading theorist in Anglo-American philosophy of law, and a political ra...
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Links (1)


Elizabeth Bentley

borndied
17671839
a poet. Her first collection, Genuine Poetical Compositions (1791), had an impressive 1,935 subscribers. Her poetry celebrates the countryside and engages in public debates on topics such as abolitionism and cruelty to animals. Cowper compared her favourably with Mary Leapor, a labouring-class poet of the previous generation, citing her "strong natural geniu...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Clergy

Eric Benzelius the Younger

bornactivedied
1675, Jan 71742-17431743, Sep 23
a priest, theologian, librarian, bishop of Linköping, 1731-1742 and Archbishop of Uppsala, Sweden, 1742–1743, for the Lutheran Swedish Church. He was a highly learned man and one of Sweden's important Enlightenment figures. Benzelius' theology was marked by his father's orthodox beliefs and he wrote and published several books in theology, as well as in d...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Physicians

Joseph Frederic Berard

aka: Joseph Frédéric Bérard
borndied
1789, Nov 41828, Apr 16
a French physician and philosopher, who was born at Montpellier. Educated at the medical school of that town, he afterwards went to Paris, where he was employed in connexion with the Dictionnaire des sciences medicales. He returned in 1816, and published a work, Doctrine medicale de l'école de Montpellier (1819), which is indispensable to a proper understan...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Educators

François-Joseph Berardier de Bataut

aka: Bérardier de Bataut
borndied
17201794
a French teacher, writer and translator living in the Age of Enlightenment. François-Joseph Bérardier de Bataut is born in Paris in 1720. Having studied theology, he became professor of rhetoric at the Collège du Plessis a part of the University of Paris. He is the author, notably, of a Précis de l'histoire universelle (Treaty of Universal History) which...
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Links (1)


Marta Berendes

aka: Märta
borndied
16391717
a Swedish Baroness and diary writer. She served as Mistress of the Robes at the Swedish royal court from 1693 to 1717. She is the author of a diary written between 1676 and 1698, which as been published and the object of research. She served as maid of honour to queen Christina of Sweden and to the next queen, Hedvig Eleonora of Holstein-Gottorp. From 1687, ...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Legal

Alphonse-Marie-Marcellin-Thomas Berenger

aka: Bérenger, Thomas Bérenger, Berenger de la Drôme
borndied
1785, May 311866, May 1
a French lawyer and politician. He was the son of a deputy of the third estate of Dauphiné to the Constituent Assembly. In 1833, he had shared in the foundation of a society for the reclamation of young criminals, in which he continued to be actively interested to the end. In 1851 and 1852, on the commission of the academy of moral sciences, he had travelle...
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Links (1)


Nikolai Berg

borndied
1823, Apr 51884, Jun 28
a Russian poet, journalist, translator and historian. In the early 1850s he joined the 'young faction' of Moskvityanin and, along with Boris Almazov, Evgeny Edelson, Lev Mei, Terty Filippov, and Apollon Grigoriev, became a member of what came to be known as the Ostrovsky circle. In 1853 he went to Sevastopol as a correspondent, and stayed there until the end...
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Links (1)


Luisa Bergalli

borndied
17031779
a Venetian writer. She married in 1738 to Gasparo Gozzi. She participated in the work of Gozzi in the translations of novels, plays and other work. She herself translated Terenzio and Jean Racine. She produced poems, compositions, comic and tragic plays as well as...
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Links (1)


Charlotta Berger

borndied
1784, Aug 211852, May 25
a Swedish writer, translator, poet and songwriter. Charlotta Berger debuted as a translator of foremost French poems. Early on, she started to publish her own poems in a number of papers, often historical anecdotes in the form of verse. Her composer spouse added music to some of her poems. Her most popular poem has been referred to as »Korset på Idas grav...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Artists

Johann Georg Bergmuller

aka: Bergmüller
bornactivedied
1688, Apr 151702-17621762, Apr 2
a painter, particularly of frescoes, of the Baroque. Bergmüller quickly acquired a high reputation in Augsburg and created works of art, few of which have survived however. He became the most important teacher of fresco painting at the Imperial City of Augsburg Academy, founded in 1710. His style of composition and his motifs were influential on his pupils....
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Links (2)


Cross-listed in Clergy

Ferenc Berke

borndied
1764 ca1841, Feb 10
a Hungarian Slovene Lutheran pastor and writer. After 1790, Berke was pastor in Križevci until October 14, 1805, when he became pastor in Puconci and later senior (superintendent) of the Evangelical congregation. Berke and Mátyás Godina published a second edition of the Prekmurian New Testament.
Links (1)


Eliza Berkeley

borndied
17341800
an English author. At eleven she wrote two sermons, and she and her sister Anne were placed at Mrs. Sheeles's school, Queen Square, London. In January 1793 her son died; in January 1797 her sister died; in January 1805 her husband died; and under the repeated shock of such distress, with impaired health and lessened fortune, she became markedly eccentric. ...
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Links (1)


George Berkeley

aka: Bishop Berkeley
borndied
1685, Mar 121753, Jan 14
an Anglo-Irish philosopher whose primary achievement was the advancement of a theory he called "immaterialism" (later referred to as "subjective idealism" by others). In 1709, Berkeley published his first major work, An Essay towards a New Theory of Vision, in which he discussed the limitations of human vision and advanced the theory that the proper objects ...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Composers

Johan Daniel Berlin

borndied
1714, May 121787, Nov 4
a German-born Norwegian rococo composer and organist, remembered as one of the founders of the Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters. He allegedly composed many works, but only a few of the compositions of Berlin have been preserved. His book, Musicaliske Elementer (Musical Elements), printed in Trondheim in 1744, was the first Norwegian textbook o...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Legal

Joost Berman

borndied
1793, Jan 91855, Mar 18
a Dutch lawyer, judge, poet, nonfiction writer, and editor. Joost Berman wrote several works of poetry mobilizing public opinion against the Belgian Revolution, supporting a continued Dutch rule over Belgium His dissertation and some other nonfiction works were also published. Berman often wrote for magazines. From 1836 to 1847, he was co-editor of the "Zeel...
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Links (1)


Catherine Bernard

borndied
16621712, Sep 16
a French poet, playwright, and novelist. She composed three historical novels, two verse tragedies, several poems, and was awarded several poetry prizes by the Académie française. Bernard established the fundamental aesthetic principle of the French literary conte de fées popular in the salons of the late seventeenth century with the dictum: "the [adventu...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Performers

John Bernard

borndied
17561828
an English actor and biographer. There is very little information available concerning the details of his life. He was the author of Retrospections of the Stage (1830) and Retrospections of America, 1797-1811. He acted in a number of plays with Mary Ann Duff. His son, William Bayle Bernard, was a playwright and critic, and edited editions of h...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Military

Pierre-Joseph Bernard

aka: Gentil-Bernard
borndied
1708, Aug 261775, Nov 1
a French military man and salon poet with the reputation of a rake, the author of several libretti for Rameau. Mme de Pompadour arranged to have him appointed a royal librarian, at the château de Choisy, where she had a little pavilion built for him. He received a Jesuit education at Lyon and joined the staff of Marshal François de Franquetot de Coigny, ri...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Clergy

Richard Bernard

bornactivedied
15681598-16411641
an English Puritan clergyman and writer. Barnard was a Calvinist Puritan, but a moderate one. Bernard advocated a joyful approach to life, instead of the more serious and pious disposition that was encouraged at the time. Bernard wrote an influential handbook for ministers entitled The Faithfull Shepheard and his practice, which was published in 1607 and 162...
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William Bayle Bernard

borndied
1807, Nov 271875, Aug 5
often referred to as "Bayle Bernard", was a well-known American-born London playwright and drama critic. Born in Boston, Massachusetts, the son of English comic actor John Bernard, he came to Britain with his family in 1820, where he first worked as a clerk in an army accounts office. His plays include The Four Sisters and Casco Bay (1832), ...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in MilitaryScientists

Jacques-Henri Bernardin de Saint-Pierre

aka: Bernardin de St. Pierre
borndied
1737, Jan 191814, Jan 21
a French writer and botanist. He is best known for his 1788 novel Paul et Virginie, now largely forgotten, but in the 19th century a very popular children's book. He was educated as an engineer at the École des Ponts ParisTech. Then he joined the French Army and was involved in the Seven Years' War against Prussia and England. In 1768 he traveled to Mauriti...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Physicians

Francois Bernier

aka: François
borndied
1620, Sep 251688, Sep 22
a French physician and traveller. He was born at Joué-Etiau in Anjou. He was briefly personal physician to Mughal prince Dara Shikoh, and after the prince's demise, was attached to the court of the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb (14 October 1618 – 20 February 1707), for around 12 years during his stay in India. His 1684 publication Nouvelle division de la terre...
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Links (1)


Jean de Bernieres-Louvigny

borndied
16021659, May 3
a French mystic and an important lay spiritual writer. Jean de Bernieres-Louvigny was born in Caen, Normandy and he worked as a Royal finance officer. After a conversion experience, he began to live in a hermitage as an ascetic. He was never a cleric, but devoted himself to the spiritual leadership of many people, and also wrote some sacred works, which were...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in ArtistsSculptorsArchitects

Gian Lorenzo Bernini

aka: Gianlorenz, Giovanni Lorenzo
bornactivedied
1598, Dec 71609-16781680, Nov 28
an Italian artist and a prominent architect who worked principally in Rome. He was the leading sculptor of his age, credited with creating the Baroque style of sculpture. In addition, he painted, wrote plays, and designed metalwork and stage sets.
Links (21)


Francois Beroalde de Verville

aka: François Béroalde de Verville
borndied
1556, Apr 271626, Oct 20 ca
a French Renaissance novelist, poet and intellectual. Béroalde had close ties to the intellectual and creative milieus of the late 16th century and early 17th century. His first works were contributions to a work on mathematics and mechanics (1578) and to a history of blazons (1581). He also produced numerous historical and philosophical works. Béroalde's ...
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Links (1)


Capel Berrow

borndied
17161782
an English divine. He was admitted into Merchant Taylors' School 16 Oct. 1728, and became head scholar in 1733 (Robinson; M. T. School Register). He proceeded to the university of Oxford, matriculated a commoner of St. John's College in 1734, proceeded B.A. in 1738, M.A. of Christ's College, Cambridge, 1758. He became curate of St. Botolph's, Aldersgate, Mar...
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Links (1)


Giovanni Bertati

borndied
1735, Jul 101815, Dec
an Italian librettist. Bertati was born in Martellago, Italy. In 1763, he wrote his first libretto, La morte di Dimone ("The Death of Dimone"), set to music by Antonio Tozzi. Two years later, L'isola della fortuna ("The Island of Fortune"), based on Bertati's libretto and Andrea Luchesi's music, was performed in Vienna. During his career as a librettist, Ber...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in InventorsScientists

Marcellin Berthelot

borndied
18271907
a French chemist and politician noted for the Thomsen-Berthelot principle of thermochemistry. He synthesized many organic compounds from inorganic substances, providing a large amount of counterevidence to the theory of Jöns Jakob Berzelius that organic compounds required organisms in their synthesis. He is considered as one of the greatest chemists of all ...
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Links (1)


Elie Berthet

aka: Élie
borndied
1815, Jun 81891, Feb 3
a French novelist. Berthet was born in Limoges. A most prolific writer, he wrote more than 100 novels about Paris, criminal affairs, the prehistoric world, and other subjects. His Les Houilleurs de Polignies is reported to have been one of the inspirations for Zola's Germinal. He died, aged 75, in Paris.
Links (1)


Carlo Bertinazzi

aka: Carlin
borndied
1710, Dec 21783, Sep 6
was an Italian actor and author. He is known to have traveled with Giacomo Casanova's mother, Zanetta Farussi, to St Petersburg to perform for Empress Anna of Russia, only to return to Italy shortly after, as the empress did not approve of the comedy. Carlin was best known for his role as Harlequin in the commedia dell'arte (Italian comedy) that he performed...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Physicians

Alexandre Jacques Francois Bertrand

aka: Alexandre Jacques François
borndied
1795, Apr 251831, Jan 22
a French physician and mesmerist who was a native of Rennes. Bertrand is remembered for his scientific investigations of animal magnetism and somnambulism. In his public lectures on animal magnetism he spoke confidently about the existence of "magnetic fluid", but through experience and reflection he later changed his mind, becoming a leading critic of its e...
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Links (1)


Aloysius Bertrand

aka: Louis Jacques Napoléon Bertrand
borndied
1807, Apr 201841, Apr 29
a French Romantic poet, playwright and journalist. He is famous for having introduced prose poetry in French literature, and is considered a forerunner of the Symbolist movement. His contributions to a local paper led to recognition by Victor Hugo and Sainte-Beuve...
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Links (1)


Jerome Besoigne

aka: Jérôme
borndied
16861763
a prominent Jansenist apologist and oppositionist to the Bull "Unigenitus." There is very little information concerning the details of his life. He was born in Paris. He was ordained in 1715 and received a doctorate at the Sorbonne in 1718. He wrote and published several books, mostly on historical and religious topics.
Links (1)Notes (1)


Cross-listed in Clergy

Jacques Besson

borndied
1540 ca1573
a French Protestant inventor, mathematician, and philosopher, chiefly remembered for his popular treatise on machines Theatrum Instrumentorum (1571–72), which saw many reprints in different languages. In 1562 Besson became the pastor of the Protestant Reformed Church in Villeneuve-de-Berg, France, Olivier de Serres having sent a request to the Company of P...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Explorers

George Best

borndied
unknown1584
a member of the second and third Martin Frobisher voyages in positions of importance; as Frobisher's lieutenant on the second and as captain of the Anne Francis on the third. He published A True Discourse of the Late Voyages of Discoverie (1578). The True Discourse included the First Frobisher Voyage, in which Best did not participate, as well ...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Clergy

George Washington Bethune

bornactivedied
1805, Mar 181827-18621862, Apr 28
a preacher-pastor in the Dutch Reformed Church. He was an outspoken Democrat in politics, opposed to slavery but unsympathetic to abolitionism. Due to his Calvinist ideas about the unsuitability of such a hobby for a clergyman, Bethune, an avid fisherman, worked anonymously on five of the US editions of Izaak Walton's The Compleat Angler under the pseudonym ...
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Links (1)


Elizabeth Beverley

aka: Mrs. R. Beverley
bornactivedied
unknown1815-1830unknown
a travelling English entertainer and pamphleteer. One of Beverley's works, Modern Times (1818) was prompted by the death in childbirth of Princess Charlotte of Wales, the only child of the future King George IV, taking the form of a sermon on the text of Jeremiah 5:29. Others, in verse or prose, comment on a child's death, on the value to women of male appla...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Artists

Thomas Bewick

borndied
1753, Aug 111828, Nov 8
an English engraver and natural history author. Early in his career he took on all kinds of work such as engraving cutlery, making the wood blocks for advertisements, and illustrating children's books. Gradually he turned to illustrating, writing and publishing his own books, gaining an adult audience for the fine illustrations in A History of Quadrupeds.
Links (1)


Cross-listed in Military

Ali Bey al-Abbasi

aka: Domingo Francisco Jorge Badía y Leblich
borndied
17671818
a Spanish explorer, soldier, and spy in the early 19th century. He supported the French occupation of Spain and worked for the Bonapartist administration, but he is principally known for his travels in North Africa and the Middle East. He witnessed the Saudi conquest of Mecca in 1807. In 1814, he published a French account of his travels in three volumes. An...
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Links (1)


Theodore Beza

aka: Théodore de Bèze, de Besze
borndied
1519, Jun 241605, Oct 13
a French Protestant Christian theologian and scholar who played an important role in the Reformation. A member of the monarchomaque movement who opposed absolute monarchy, he was a disciple of John Calvin and lived most of his life in Switzerland. Combining his pa...
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Links (1)


Giuseppe Bianchini

borndied
17041764
an Italian Oratorian, biblical, historical, and liturgical scholar. Clement XII and Benedict XIV, who highly appreciated his learning, entrusted him with several sci...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Educators

Michel Bibaud

borndied
1782, Jan 191857, Aug 3
a Canadian writer and educator in Montreal, Quebec. Bibaud was the founder and editor of La Bibliothèque canadienne with the close assistance of Joseph-Marie Bellenger. His body of work was diverse and large. The historical content has importance to the events of the time. Bibaud is credited with the first book written in verse by a Canadian.
Links (1)


Marie Francois Xavier Bichat

aka: Marie François Xavier
borndied
1771, Nov 141802, Jul 22
a French anatomist and physiologist who is best remembered as the father of modern histology and descriptive anatomy. Despite working without a microscope, he was the first to introduce the notion of tissues as distinct entities, and maintained that diseases attacked tissues rather than whole organs or the entire body, causing a revolution in anatomical path...
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Links (1)


Isaac Bickerstaffe

aka: Bickerstaff
borndied
1733, Sep 261812 ca
an Irish playwright and Librettist. Bickerstaff had first arrived in London in 1755 and worked as a playwright. His years growing up in Dublin, a cultural hub at the time, had greatly influenced his views on writing and the arts. He developed a view that the English language was totally unsuited for singing operas in, however skilled the composer, and that I...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Artists

George Bickham the Elder

borndied
16841758
an English writing master and engraver. He is best known for his engraving work in The Universal Penman, a collection of writing exemplars which helped to popularise the English Round Hand script in the 18th century. In 1712, Bickham wrote copy books and business texts as there was a strong link between writing and mathematics (arithmetic and bookkeeping) in...
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Links (1)


Hester Biddle

borndied
1629 ca1697
an English Quaker writer and itinerant preacher who "addressed pugnacious pamphlets to those who persecuted religious dissenters, worshipped in the Anglican church, or refused to help the poor." She became a Quaker in 1654. Her subsequent preaching took her to Ireland and Scotland, Newfoundland, the Netherlands, Barbados, Alexandria and France. Quaker writin...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in AstronomersMilitary

Wilhelm Freiherr von Biela

bornactivedied
1782, Mar 191802-1840s1856, Feb 18
a German-Austrian military officer and amateur astronomer. In the field of astronomy, he specialized in observing and calculating the orbits of comets. He also did some sunspot observations and published a series of articles, mostly in the Astronomische Nachrichten, on subjects such as comets, the theoretical considerations of comets "falling into the Sun," ...
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Timeline (1)Links (1)


Cross-listed in Physicians

M.D.T. Bienville

aka: D.T. de Bienville
bornactivedied
unknown1770sunknown
an obscure French doctor, he wrote the first full-length study abount nymphomania, entitled Nymphomania, or a Dissertation Concerning the Furor Uterinus, and translated into English in 1775. Eating rich food, consuming too much chocolate, dwelling on impure thoughts, reading novels, or performing "secret pollutions" (masturbating), according to Bienville, ov...
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Anne Bignan

borndied
1795, Aug 31861, Nov 27
a French poet and translator, famous in his time as for his translations of Homer and for his academic honors. Raised in Paris , Anne Bignan quickly developed a vocation for both the letters and the competition, winning in 1813 and 1814, several awards open competition . After publishing in 1819 his first translations of Homer, he won between 1822 and 1849 n...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Clergy

Jean-Paul Bignon

borndied
1662, Sep 191743, Mar 14
a French ecclesiastic, statesman, writer and preacher and librarian to Louis XIV of France. He was charged by the minister Colbert to head the Bignon Commission, which investigated the feasibility and then began the compilation of a guide to French artistic and ind...
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Links (1)


Francis Bigod

borndied
1507, Oct 41537, Jun 2
the leader of Bigod's Rebellion. In his youth he became 'a committed Protestant with scholarly theological interests', hearing several sermons daily and corresponding with reformers, including Thomas Garret. At one point he considered taking orders. Under Thomas ...
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Links (1)


Jacques Bins

aka: comte de Saint-Victor
borndied
17721858
a French poet and man of letters. During the First Empire, Bins de Saint-Victor was arrested as a royalist conspirator and incarcerated at Paris. After the fall of Napoleon, he was one of the editors of the Journal des débats and also worked on the Drapeau blanc. Having tried without success to found a bookstore with Félicité Robert de Lamennais, he spent...
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Links (1)


Samuel Birch

borndied
1813, Nov 31885, Dec 27
a British Egyptologist and antiquary. After brief employment in the Record Office, he obtained, in 1836, an appointment to the antiquities department of the British Museum. The appointment was due to his knowledge of Chinese, which was unusual at that time. He soon broadened his research to Egyptian. When the cumbrous department came to be divided, he was ap...
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Links (1)


Charlotte Birch-Pfeiffer

borndied
1800, Jun 231868, Aug 25
a German actress and writer. Dramatization of popular novels was her specialty, for which her intimate knowledge of the technical necessities of the stage fitted her. Her plays, adapted and original, fill 23 volumes. Many continued to retain the public favor. Her novels and tales were collected in three volumes.
Links (1)


Cross-listed in Physicians

Robert Montgomery Bird

bornactivedied
1806, Feb 51827-18471854, Jan 23
an American novelist, playwright, and physician. In 1828, Bird's play Pelopidas won a $1000 prize offered by the actor Edwin Forrest, but was never produced. Instead, Bird wrote another play for Forrest, The Gladiator, which was produced in 1831. Bird wrote several other plays for Forrest. Forrest had promised to pay Bird more for these plays if they proved ...
more
Timeline (1)Links (1)


Yusuf Biscaino

aka: Ahmad, Abd Allah al-Hayti al-Maruni
bornactivedied
unknown1610sunknown
a Morisco in the service of the Moroccan Sultan Mulay Zidan. He was sent as an ambassador to the Low Countries in 1610-11. He met with Prince Maurice of Nassau who inquired to him about Islamic opinions on Jesus. He preferred not to answer on the spot, but later sent a letter to Maurice. After returning to Marakesh, Yusuf Biscaino sent the letter in Latin to...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Clergy

William Bishop [1]

borndied
1553 ca1624
the first Roman Catholic bishop after the English Reformation. Officially, he was the titular bishop of Chalcedon, his territory included all of England, Wales and Scotland. English Catholics in the new King James's reign were faced by a novel oath of allegiance. In the subsequent troubles Bishop was committed to the Gatehouse Prison; he and twelve other pri...
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Links (1)


Johann Heinrich Bisterfeld

bornactivedied
16051629-16551655, Feb 16
a German philosopher, logician and encyclopedic writer from Siegen. A follower of Ramus and pupil of Johann Heinrich Alsted at the Herborn Academy (Academia Nassauensis), Bisterfeld became head of the academy in Weissenburg (Alba Iulia) in Transylvania,...
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Gustafva Bjorklund

aka: Björklund
borndied
17941862
a Swedish cookery book-author and restaurant owner. In 1847, she published her cookery book Kokbok, which became a success and was reprinted in several editions and was followed by additional works in cookery.
Links (1)


Sarah Blackborow

bornactivedied
unknown1650s-1660sunknown
the author of tracts that strongly influenced Quaker thinking on social problems and the theological position of women. She was one of several prominent female activists in the early decades of the Society of Friends.
Links (1)


Cross-listed in Physicians

Richard Blackmore

bornactivedied
1654, Jan 221682-17271729, Oct 9
an English poet and physician, is remembered primarily as the object of satire and as an example of a dull poet. He was, however, a respected physician and religious writer. Blackmore had a passion for writing epics. Prince Arthur, an Heroick Poem in X Books appeared in 1695. He supported the Glorious Revolution, and Prince Arthur was a celebra...
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Links (3)


Sir William Blackstone

borndied
1723, Jul 101780, Feb 14
an English jurist, judge and Tory politician of the eighteenth century. He is most noted for writing the Commentaries on the Laws of England. Born into a middle-class family in London, Blackstone was educated at Charterhouse School before matriculating at Pembroke College, Oxford in 1738. After switching to and completing a Bachelor of Civil Law degree, he w...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Clergy

Antoinette Brown Blackwell

borndied
1825, May 201921, Nov 5
the first woman to be ordained as a mainstream Protestant minister in the United States. She was a well-versed public speaker on the paramount issues of her time, and distinguished herself from her contemporaries with her use of religious faith in her efforts to expand women's rights.
Timeline (1)Links (19)Notes (1)


Adam Blackwood

borndied
15391613
a Scottish author and apologist for Mary, Queen of Scots. He was born in Dunfermline, Scotland and died in Poitiers, France. Adam was orphaned at a young age and his education was sponsored by his great uncle, Robert Reid, Bishop of Orkney. Blackwood went to the University of Paris and then on to Toulouse to study civil law, with the direct patronage of more
Links (1)


Isa Blagden

borndied
1816/17, Jun 301873, Jan 20
an English-language novelist and poet born in the East Indies or India, who spent much of her life among the English community in Florence. Blagden's earliest pieces were two poems inspired by work by Edward Bulwer Lytton, which appeared in The Metropolitan Magazine in July 1842 and April 1843. Another, entitled "To George Sand on her Interview with Elizabet...
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Thomas Blague

aka: Blage
borndied
1545 ca1611
an English churchman and author, dean of Rochester from 1592. He was the author in early life of A Schoole of wise Conceytes. It is a collection of fables in the style of Aesop, and is thought to have drawn on material related to the Dialogus creaturarum. He actually used 19 authors, both classical and Renaissance humanists including Erasmus. In 1603 he prin...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Composers

Jan Blahoslav

borndied
1523, Feb 201571, Nov 24
a Czech humanistic writer, poet, translator, etymologist, hymnographer, grammarian, music theorist and composer. He was a Unity of the Brethren bishop, and translated the New Testament into Czech in 1564. This was incorporated into the Bible of Kralice.
Links (1)


Cross-listed in Artists

William Blake

borndied
1757, Nov 281827, Aug 12
an English poet, painter, and printmaker. Largely unrecognised during his lifetime, Blake is now considered a seminal figure in the history of the poetry and visual arts of the Romantic Age. His prophetic poetry has been said to form "what is in proportion to its merits the least read body of poetry in the English language". His visual artistry led one conte...
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Links (2)


William Rufus Blake

borndied
1805, Dec1863, Apr 22
a Canadian stage actor. When only seventeen years old he went on the stage at Halifax, N. S., taking the part of the Prince of Wales, in Richard III with a company of strolling players. His first appearance in New York was in 1824, at the old Chatham Theatre, as Frederick, in The Poor Gentleman, and in The Three Singles. He was the author of several plays
Links (1)


Richard Paul Blakeney

borndied
18201884, Dec 21
an Irish-born religious writer and cleric. He was educated at Trinity College, Dublin, where he graduated B.A. in 1842, taking high honours in theology. In 1852 he proceeded LL.B. and LL.D. He became curate of St. Paul's, Nottingham, in 1843, vicar of Hyson Green, Nottinghamshire, in 1844, vicar of Christ Church, Claughton, Birkenhead, in January 1852, vicar...
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Links (1)


August Blanche

borndied
1811, Sep 171868, Nov 30
a Swedish journalist, novelist, and a socialist politician. A brilliant student, in 1838 he obtained a law degree and for a time, worked as a civil servant until taking up journalism. In the early 1840s, he began writing plays for the theater as well as translating plays from foreign languages into Swedish. By the middle of the decade, he was writing novels ...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Composers

Frederic Blasius

aka: Frédéric, Matthäus, Matthieu, Mathieu
borndied
1758, Apr 241829
a French violinist, clarinetist, conductor, and composer. Born Matthäus (French: Matthieu, Mathieu) Blasius, he used Frédéric as his pen name on his publications in Paris. Blasius wrote a number of works for the stage as well as instrumental pieces for Harmoniemusik (music for wind band), concertos with orchestra, and chamber music with a particular emph...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Clergy

Philip of the Blessed Trinity

borndied
16031671, Feb 28
a French Discalced Carmelite theologian and missionary. Choosing the missionary life, he studied in Paris and two years at the seminary in Rome, proceeded in February 1629 to the Holy Land and Persia, and then to Goa where he became prior of the Order convent and teacher of philosophy and theology (1631-1639). After the martyrdom of his pupil Dionysius, Phil...
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Links (1)


Walter Blith

borndied
16051654
an English writer on husbandry and an official under the Commonwealth. Blith's books on husbandry show notable good sense, based on the author's and others' farming experience. He presents his judgements and opinions carefully, and made textual changes in subsequent editions to describe new farming practices. His The English Improver, or, A New Survey of Hus...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Artists

Hugo von Blomberg

borndied
18201871
a poet and painter, was born at Berlin in 1820. He studied under Wach in the Academy at Berlin, and under Léon Cogniet at Paris, and copied Rubens's works in the Louvre. He died at Weimar in 1871.
Links (1)


Robert Bloomfield

borndied
1766, Dec 31823, Aug 19
an English labouring class poet whose work is appreciated in the context of other self-educated writers such as Stephen Duck, Mary Collier and John Clare. Bloomfield's poetry invites comparison with that of George Crabbe, who was also a native of Suffolk. Both wrote much in iambic pentameter couplets, both provide descriptions of rural life in its hardest an...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Physicians

Johann Friedrich Blumenbach

borndied
1752, May 111840, Jan 22
a German physician, naturalist, physiologist, and anthropologist. He was one of the first to explore the study of mankind as an aspect of natural history. His teachings in comparative anatomy were applied to the classification of what he called human races, of which he determined there to be five. He was appointed extraordinary professor of medicine and insp...
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Links (1)


Louise Sophie Blusse

aka: Blussé, Bless, D.N. Anagrapheus
borndied
1801, Jan 121896, Apr 1
a Dutch writer. Blussé married the historian and archaeologist Caspar Reuvens in Leiden on 19 July 1822. After the death of Reuvens in 1835, Blussé lived with her parents' family in Leiden, and they collaborated on the creation of a pocket dictionary in two volumes, English-Dutch and Dutch-English, which were published in the years 1843 and 1845 respective...
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Links (1)


Pierre Boaistuau

aka: Pierre Launay, Sieur de Launay
borndied
1517 ca1566
a French humanist writer. His most successful titles in terms of publications were Le Théâtre du monde (which became one of early modern Europe's best-sellers), Histoires prodigieuses, and Histoires tragiques. As the contents of his works indicate, his varied interests included, among other, political theory, history, philosophy, literary fiction, theology...
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Links (1)


Giovanni Battista Boccabadati

borndied
1635, Feb1696, Oct 17
As well as practising and teaching law, he was a mathematician, an engineer and a writer, especially of plays. We know nothing of the studies that were to give him a wide literary, legal and scientific knowledge, nor where he gained his degree in civil and canon law. He was also to gain a reputation as a writer, beginning with poetry on political subjects in...
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Links (1)


Nicolaes Boddingius

aka: Bodding van Laer
borndied
1605, Aug1669
a schoolmaster, writer and minister in the Netherlands. For most of his life he lived in Haarlem, where after the death of his parents, sometime before 1628, he took over the school "inde Laurier Boom" which was founded by his grandfather Peeter Heyns around 1593. He also wrote several books about learning how to write, amongst them one called "Stightigh A.B...
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Links (1)


John Bodenham

borndied
1559 ca1610
an English anthologist, the patron of some of the Elizabethan poetry anthologies. He was the son of William Bodnam and Katherine Wanton. He was educated at Merchant Taylors' School. Mr. Bullen says that Bodenham did not himself edit any of the Elizabethan miscellanies attributed to him by bibliographers: but that he projected their publication, and he befri...
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Links (1)


Jean Bodin

borndied
15301596
a French jurist and political philosopher, member of the Parlement of Paris and professor of law in Toulouse. He is best known for his theory of sovereignty; he was also an influential writer on demonology. Bodin lived during the aftermath of the Protestant Reformation and wrote against the background of religious conflict in France. He remained a nominal Ca...
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Links (1)


Thomas Bodley

borndied
1545, Mar 21613, Jan 28
an English diplomat and scholar, founder of the modern Bodleian Library, Oxford. Bodley wrote his autobiography up to the year 1609, which, with the first draft of the statutes drawn up for the library, and his letters to the librarian, Thomas James, was published by Thomas Hearne, under the title of Reliquiae Bodleianae, or Authentic Remains of Sir Thomas B...
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Links (1)


Hector Boece

aka: Boecius, Boethius
borndied
14651536
a Scottish philosopher and historian, and the first Principal of King's College in Aberdeen, a predecessor of the University of Aberdeen. Boece wrote and published two books, one of biography and one of history. In 1522 he published the Vitae Episcoporum Murthlacensium et Aberdonensium (Lives of the Bishops of Murthlack and Aberdeen) and in 1527 the Historia...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Physicians

Friedrich Boerner

aka: Börner
borndied
1723, Jun 171761, Jun 30
a German physician. Boerner was born in Leipzig. His father, Christian Friedrich Boerner, wanted him to study theology and he started to study theology at the University of Wittenberg, but eventually he finish medicine. He was a professor of this university until he had to come back to Leipzig the raising of Seven Years' War (1756–63). He died in Leipzig.
Links (1)


Henry Boernstein

borndied
1805, Nov 41892, Sep 10
the publisher of the Anzeiger des Westens in St. Louis, Missouri, the oldest German newspaper west of the Mississippi River. He was also a political activist, author, soldier, actor and stage manager. He played a major role in keeping Missouri in the Union at the start of the Civil War. To promote circulation, he published many prominent European novelists a...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Clergy

Andrea Bogdani

aka: Ndre Bogdani
borndied
1600 ca1683
an Ottoman scholar of Albanian origin and prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. After he completed his education in Loreto he went to Ottoman Serbia and became a parish in Priština. From 1656 to 1677, when he resigned he served as Archbishop of Skopje, while from 1675 to 1677 he also served as apostolic administrator of Achrida. In his reports to Congregati...
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Links (1)


Jakob Bohme

aka: Böhme, Jacob Boehme, Behmen
borndied
1575, Mar 81624, Nov 17
a German Christian mystic and theologian. He was considered an original thinker by many of his contemporaries within the Lutheran tradition, and his first book, commonly known as Aurora, caused a great scandal. The chief concern of Böhme's writing was the nature of sin, evil and redemption. Consistent with Lutheran theology, Böhme preached that humanity ha...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Educators

Adam Bohoric

borndied
1520 ca1598, Nov 20+
a Slovene Protestant preacher, teacher and author of the first grammar of Slovene. Bohoric was born in the market town of Reichenburg in the Duchy of Styria (now Brestanica in Slovenia). In 1584, he wrote his most notable work, Articae horulae succisivae (English: Free Winter Hours). The book, written in Latin, was the first grammar of Slovene and the first ...
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Links (1)


Otto von Bohtlingk

aka: Böhtlingk
borndied
1815, May 301904, Apr 1
a German Indologist and Sanskrit scholar. His magnum opus was a Sanskrit dictionary. His first great work was an edition of the Sanskrit grammar of Panini, with a German commentary, under the title Acht Bücher grammatischer Regeln (Bonn, 1839–1840). This was in reality a criticism of Franz Bopp's philological methods. He also published several smaller tr...
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Links (1)


Nicolas Boileau-Despreaux

aka: Boileau-Despréaux
bornactivedied
1636, Nov 11656-17111711, Mar 13
a French poet and critic. Boileau did much to reform the prevailing form of French poetry, as Blaise Pascal did to reform the prose. He was greatly influenced by Horace. Such of Boileau's early poems as have been preserved hardly contain the promise of what he ...
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Links (8)


James Robinson Boise

borndied
1815, Jan 271895, Feb 9
an American classicist. He was the author of several Greek text books. He graduated from Brown University in 1840, and served there as tutor of Latin and Greek and as a professor of Greek until 1850. In 1852, he became professor of Greek language and literature in the University of Michigan. He published several classical text books, including editions with ...
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Links (1)


Francois le Metel de Boisrobert

aka: François le Métel de Boisrobert
borndied
1592, Aug 11662, Mar 30
a French poet, playwright, and courtier. He was introduced to Cardinal Richelieu in 1623, and became one of five poets to inspire Richelieu's works. It was Boisrobert who suggested to Richelieu the plan of the Académie française, and he was one of its earliest an...
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Links (1)


Pierre de Boissat

borndied
16031662, Mar 28
a soldier, writer, poet and translator. Knight and Count Palatine, Boissat began his career in the military. He was one of the first members of the Académie française, and first to occupy the Academy's seat 31 in 1634. Boissat translated Les fables d'Esope Phrygien, illustrées de Discours moraux, philosophiques et politiques, published in 1633 by his frie...
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Links (1)


Louis Boivin

borndied
16491724
a French writer and the elder brother of Jean Boivin the Younger. There is very little information available concerning the details of his life. A member of the Académie des inscriptions, he wrote Mémoires sur la Chronologie in which, according to the Dictionnaire Bouillet he jumped too easily to his derivations.
Links (1)


Jean Boivin the Younger

aka: Jean Boivin de Villeneuve
borndied
1663, Sep 11726, Oct 29
a French writer, scholar and translator. He acquired a scholarly reputation by publishing in Latin texts by the major mathematicians of antiquity and he was made a professor at the Collège royal, where he held the ancient Greek chair from 1706 to 1726. He translated Nicephorus Gregoras and Pierre Pithou, as well as Aristophanes, Homer and Sophocles, and wro...
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Links (1)


Vicente Boix

borndied
18131880
a Spanish playwright, poet, and historian. Boix wrote El encubierto de Valencia in 1852 and earlier he wrote Historia de la ciudad y reino de Valencia in three volumes in 1845. His Obras poéticas appeared in two volumes in 1850 and 1851, Poesías históricas y caballerescas and Poesías líricas y dramáticas.
Links (1)


Sophie Bolander

borndied
18071869
a Swedish author. She is most famed for her participation in the contemporary debate in gender issues. Her novel Qvinnan med förmyndare (Woman with Guardian) was a conservative response to the novel Qvinnan utan förmyndare (Woman without Guardian) by Amelie von Strussenfelt, which was a part of the contemporary debate about the minority of adult unmarried ...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Physicians

Jerome-Hermes Bolsec

aka: Jérôme-Hermès
borndied
unknown1584 ca
a French Carmelite theologian and physician, who became a Protestant and controversialist. A sermon which he preached at Paris aroused misgivings in Catholic circles regarding the soundness of his ideas, and Bolsec left Paris. Having separated from the Catholic Church about 1545, he took refuge at the Court of Renée, duchess of Ferrara, who was favourably d...
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Links (1)


Edmund Bolton

borndied
1575 ca1633 ca
an English historian and poet. Throughout his life, Bolton was oppressed by scarcity, about which he freely informed his numerous prospective patrons. He was caught up in Charles's campaign against recusancy in 1628; he was imprisoned first in the Fleet and then in Marshalsea, where he languished for want of a person of power to intercede for him. The most i...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Clergy

Robert Bolton

borndied
15721631, Dec 13
an English clergyman and academic, noted as a preacher. Under the influence of Thomas Peacock of Brasenose he then proceeded B.D. in 1609, having decided to become a clergyman in the church of England. He was also appointed lecturer in logic and moral and natural philosophy. In his well known book, General directions for a Comfortable Walking with God, Bolto...
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Links (1)


Sarah T. Bolton

bornactivedied
1814, Dec 81828-18861893, Aug 5
an American poet and activist. She has been called Indiana's "pioneer poet" and is best known for her poem "Paddle Your Own Canoe" (1850). An activist for women's rights, she worked with Robert Dale Owen during Indiana's 1850–1851 constitutional convention to include the recognition of women's property rights. As a young woman she contributed poems to the ...
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Links (6)


Cross-listed in Clergy

Nicholas Bond

borndied
15401608
an English churchman and academic, President of Magdalen College, Oxford, from 1590. He became rector of Britwell, Oxfordshire, on 3 May 1586, and of Alresford, Hampshire, in 1590; he also held the offices of chaplain of the Savoy Hospital and chaplain-in-ordinary to the queen. He contributed Latin verses to the collection published at Oxford on the death of...
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Links (1)


Jacques Bongars

borndied
15541612, Jul 29
a French scholar and diplomat. Bongars wrote an abridgment of Justin's abridgment of the history of Trogus Pompeius under the title Justinus, Trogi Pompeii Historiarum Philippicarum epitoma de manuscriptis codicibus emendatior et prologis auctior (Paris, 1581). He collected the works of several French writers who as contemporaries described the crusades, and...
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Links (1)


Eugene Bonnemere

aka: Eugène Bonnemère
borndied
1813, Feb 211893, Nov 1
a French historian and writer. The grandson of Joseph Toussaint Bonnemère (1746–1794), the mayor of Saumur, Bonnemère began his literary career, in 1841, through theater plays, but he earned a reputation chiefly owing to a series of historical publications. Bonnemère collaborated to the Revue de Paris and La Démocratie Pacifique. From 1858 onward, he s...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Naval

Carl Siegfried Bonnevie

borndied
1804, Dec 191856, Oct 13
a Norwegian naval officer. He took his naval education at Frederiksvern, and became an officer in 1821. In the Royal Norwegian Navy he was promoted to Premier Lieutenant in 1832, Lieutenant Captain in 1945 and Captain in 1856, though he spent the years 1841 to 1849 in Bengal. He was a notable debater within the circle of higher officers, founding and editing...
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Links (1)


Nicholas Bonneville

borndied
1760, Mar 131828, Nov 9
a French bookseller, printer, journalist, and writer. He was also a political figure of some relevance at the time of the French Revolution and into the early years of the next century. In his book "The Spirit of Religions", published in 1791, he sought to resolve the issue of social happiness by describing a universal religion which would have philosophers ...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Educators

George Boole

borndied
1815, Nov 21864, Dec 8
an English mathematician, educator, philosopher and logician. He worked in the fields of differential equations and algebraic logic, and is best known as the author of The Laws of Thought (1854) which contains Boolean algebra. Boolean logic is credited with laying the foundations for the information age
Links (1)


Cross-listed in Physicians

Andrew Boorde

borndied
1490 ca1549, Apr
an English traveller, physician and writer. Boorde left works on domestic hygiene and medicine, and The Fyrst Boke of the Introduction of Knowledge. In it he Englishman describes himself and his foibles, his fickleness, his fondness for new fashions, and his obstinacy, in verse. Then follows a geographical description of the country, followed by a model dial...
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Links (1)


Sir Brooke Boothby

aka: 6th Baronet
borndied
1744, Jun 31824, Jan 23
a linguist, translator, poet and landowner, based in Derbyshire, England. He was part of the intellectual and literary circle of Lichfield, which included Anna Seward and Erasmus Darwin. In 1766 he welcomed the philosopher more
Links (1)


Pieter Bor

borndied
15591635
a Dutch Golden Age writer and historian. His portrait was painted by Frans Hals in 1634, and it was engraved for his book in 1637. Although he is not registered as a member of a Chamber of Rhetoric, he wrote a few plays that were published in 1617. This stapelspel is based on the same story as Shakespeare's Pericles, Prince of Tyre. This work, which occupied...
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Links (1)


Gian Paolo Borghetti

borndied
1816, Jun 231897, Nov 4
a Corsican writer, poet and politician. Having contributed to the journal Progressive de la Corse (Bastia) in 1848, in the following year he founded his own newspaper La Corsica, written in Italian to be better understood by the population. While his professional and political activities often took precedence over his literary work during his lifetime, Gian ...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Educators

Ivan Born

borndied
1778, Sep 201851, Sep 13
a Russian writer, translator, and educator. n 1803 Born became an instructor, then a senior instructor of the Russian language, at the Petrischule, a prestigious German-language secondary school in St. Petersburg. From 1803 to 1805 he was chairman of the Born Society, which gathered in his apartments in the Petrischule building. He taught there until 1809. I...
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Links (1)


Christopher Borough

aka: Burrough
bornactivedied
unknown1579-1587unknown
an English adventurer, navigator and translator and the chronicler of one of the most interesting journeys into Persia recorded in the pages of Richard Hakluyt. He was fluent in Russian. Borough's descriptions of Derbent and the neighbourhood of the ancient c...
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Links (1)


George Borrow

borndied
1803, Jul 51881, Jul 26
an English author who wrote novels and travelogues based on his experiences traveling around Europe. Over the course of his wanderings, he developed a close affinity with the Romani people of Europe, who figure prominently in his work. His best known books are The Bible in Spain, the autobiographical Lavengro, and The Romany Rye, about his time with the Engl...
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Links (1)


Samuel Richard Bosanquet

borndied
1800, Apr 11882, Dec 27
an English barrister, known as a writer on legal, social and theological topics. In 1837 he published an annotated edition of the Tithe Commutation Act, and another in 1839 of the Poor Law Amendment Act. The latter work had the object of showing that the prevalent dislike of the measure was due to a misapprehension of its provisions conceived and acted on by...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Architects

Simon Bosboom

borndied
16141662
a Dutch Golden Age architect and writer. He was active as an architect in England and Germany, before working on an almshouse for the city council of Nijmegen in 1640. Just as Hubertus Quellinus had done for the city hall in 1665, Bosboom published a small instructional booklet on architecture with engravings after Vincenzo Scamozzi entitled "Cort onderwys v...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Astronomers

Rudjer Boscovich

aka: Roger
bornactivedied
1711, May 181740-17861787, Feb 13
a Ragusan physicist, astronomer, mathematician, philosopher, diplomat, poet, theologian, Jesuit priest, and a polymath from the city of Dubrovnik in the Republic of Ragusa (modern-day Croatia), who studied and lived in Italy and France where he also published many of his works.
Links (1)


Cross-listed in Clergy

Jacques-Benigne Bossuet

aka: Jacques-Bénigne
bornactivedied
1627, Sep 271643-17011704, Apr 12
a French bishop and theologian, renowned for his sermons and other addresses. He has been considered by many to be one of the most brilliant orators of all time and a masterly French stylist. The works best known to English speakers are three great orations delivered at the funerals of Queen Henrietta Maria, widow of Charles I of England (1669), her daughter...
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Links (1)


James Boswell

aka: 9th Laird of Auchinleck
borndied
1740, Oct 291795, May 19
a Scottish biographer and diarist, born in Edinburgh. He is best known for the biography he wrote of one of his contemporaries, the English literary figure Samuel Johnson, which the modern Johnsonian critic Harold Bloom has said is the greatest biography writte...
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Timeline (2)Links (1)


William Bosworth

aka: Boxworth
borndied
unknown1650 ca
an English poet, known for a posthumous volume of verse from 1651. He wrote much poetry in his youth, but published nothing. It contained Bosworth's poetry, with a dedication to John Finch. The major poem of the volume is the Historie of Arcadius and Sepha in two books. It was a romance in the style of Sir more
Links (1)


Cross-listed in Educators

Anne Lynch Botta

borndied
1815, Nov 111891, Mar 23
an American poet, writer, teacher and socialite whose home was the central gathering place of the literary elite of her era. In 1841, she compiled and edited "The Rhode Island Book", a collection of poems and verse from the best regional writers of the time, including two poems of her own. She also began to invite these writers to her home for her evening re...
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Links (1)


Giovanni Gaetano Bottari

borndied
1689, Jan 151775, Jun 5
a Vatican librarian and counsellor to Pope Clement XII. He is the author of several treatises about art and artists. Amongst his works is Dialoghi sopra le tre Arti del Disegno, published in Lucca, 1754. In these dialogues he criticizes the role of patrons, who "u...
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Links (1)


Paul Botten-Hansen

borndied
18241869
a Norwegian librarian, book collector, magazine editor and literary critic, born in Sel in Gudbrandsdalen. He was co-editor of the magazine Andhrimner together with Henrik Ibsen and Aasmund Olavson Vinje in 1851. He edited the magazine Illustreret Nyhedsblad from 1851 to 1866. He was head of the University Library in Christiania from 1864. His fairytale dram...
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Links (1)


Jean-Jacques Bouchard

borndied
1606, Oct 301641, Aug 26
a French writer. Little is known about the details of his life. He was the son of Jean Bouchard, Secretary of the King, and Claude Merceron, a relation of Gilles Ménage, from a recently ennobled family composed of judges. Bouchard was an author of erotic literature and notably published Confessions.
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Cross-listed in ClergyEducators

Jonathan Boucher

borndied
1738, May 121804, Apr 27
an English clergyman, teacher, preacher and philologist. Boucher was an accomplished writer and scholar, contributed largely to William Hutchinson's History of the County of Cumberland (2 vols., 1794 seq.), and published A View of the Causes and Consequences of the American Revolution (1797), dedicated to General more
Links (1)


Cross-listed in Performers

Dion Boucicault

bornactivedied
1820/22, Dec 261834-18851890, Sep 18
an Irish actor and playwright famed for his melodramas. His first play, A Legend of the Devil's Dyke, opened in Brighton in 1838. Three years later he found immediate success as a dramatist with London Assurance. He rapidly followed this with a number of other plays, among the most successful of the early ones being The Bastile [sic], an...
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Timeline (6)Links (10)


Jean-Pierre de Bougainville

borndied
1722, Dec 11763, Jun 22
a French writer and the elder brother of the explorer Louis Antoine de Bougainville. Not much information is available about the details of his life. He was elected to the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres in 1746 and he became Permanent Secretary in 1754, the same year he rose to the Académie française.
Links (1)


Cross-listed in ExplorersNaval

Louis Antoine de Bougainville

bornactivedied
1729, Nov 121753-18111811, Aug 31
a French admiral and explorer. A contemporary of the British explorer James Cook, he took part in the Seven Years' War in North America and the American Revolutionary War against Britain. Bougainville later gained fame for his expeditions, including circumnavigation...
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Guillaume-Hyacinthe Bougeant

aka: le Père Bougeant
borndied
1690, Nov 41743, Jan 17
a French Jesuit and historian. Bougeant entered the Society of Jesus in 1706, taught classics in the College of Caen and Nevers and lived for a number of years in Paris until his death. His Amusement philosophique sur le language des bêtes (Philosophical Amusements on the Language of the Animals), published in 1737, attracted the censure of his superiors, l...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Clergy

Edward Boughen

borndied
15871660 ca
an English royalist divine. He was appointed chaplain to John Howson, bishop of Oxford; he afterwards held a cure at Bray in Berkshire; and on 13 April 1633 was collated to the rectory of Woodchurch in Kent. The presbyterian inhabitants of Woodchurch petitioned against him in 1640 for having acted as a justice of the peace, and he was ejected from both his l...
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Links (1)


Jean Bouhier

borndied
1673, Mar 161746, Mar 17
a French magistrate, jurisconsultus, historian, translator, bibliophile and scholar. He served as the first président à mortier to the parlement de Bourgogne from 1704 to 1728, when he resigned to devote himself to his historic and literary work following his 1727 election to the Académie française. Besides his treatise on Burgundian customs (considered ...
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Links (1)


Nicolas Antoine Boulanger

borndied
1722, Nov 111759, Sep 16
a French philosopher and man of letters during the Age of Enlightenment. Born the son of a paper merchant in Paris, Boulanger studied first mathematics, and later ancient languages. He composed several philosophical works in which he sought to come up with naturalistic explanations for superstitions and religious practices, all of which were published posthu...
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Links (1)


Thomas Pownall Boultbee

borndied
18181884
an English clergyman. He was sent to Uppingham School in 1833, which he left with an exhibition to St John's College, Cambridge. He took the degree of B.A. in 1841, as fifth wrangler. In March 1842 he was elected fellow of his college, and proceeded M.A. in 1844. He took orders immediately; and after holding one or two curacies, and taking pupils, he became ...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Inventors

Matthew Piers Watt Boulton

aka: M.P.W. Bolton
borndied
18201894
a British classicist, elected member of the UK's Metaphysical Society, an amateur scientist and an inventor, best known for his invention of the aileron, a primary aeronautical flight control device. He patented the aileron in 1868, some 36 years before it was first employed in manned flight by Robert Esnault-Pelterie in 1904. His Times obituary described hi...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Physicians

Richard Boulton

bornactivedied
unknown1697-1724unknown
a physician and author from England. Boulton was educated at Brasenose College, Oxford, and for some time settled at Chester, was the author of a number of works on the medical and kindred sciences. Boulton fell out with Goodall after his Colbatch pamphlet. Goodall attacked Boulton in a pamphlet, under his footman's name, and asked James Yonge to attack Boul...
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Cross-listed in Military

Armand de Bourbon

aka: Prince of Conti
borndied
1629, Oct 111666, Feb 26
a French nobleman, the younger son of Henri, Prince of Condé and brother of le Grand Condé and Anne Geneviève, Duchess of Longueville. He played a conspicuous part in the intrigues and fighting of the Fronde, became in 1648 commander-in-chief of the rebel army, and in 1650 was with his brother (Condé) and brother-in-law (Longueville) imprisoned at Vincen...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Clergy

Nicholas Bourbon the Younger

aka: Nicolaus Borbonius, Horatius Gentiles, Petrus Mola
borndied
15741644, Aug 6
a French clergyman and neo-Latin poet. There is little information about the details of his life. Son of a doctor, he studied under political satirist and poet Jean Passerat. Bourbon then held a professorship at the Collège de France and was admitted into the Oratory of Saint Philip Neri in 1630. He was elected the second occupant of Académie française se...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Military

John Bourchier

aka: 2nd Baron Berners, Lord Berners
bornactivedied
14671520-15331533, Mar 19
an English soldier, statesman and translator. He was educated at Oxford University. Bourchier held various offices of state, including Lieutenant of Calais from 28 November 1520 and Chancellor of the Exchequer from 14 July 1524 that of to King Henry VIII. He transl...
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Links (5)


Thomas Bourchier

borndied
unknown1586 ca
an English Observantine Franciscan and martyrologist. He was probably educated at Magdalen Hall, Oxford, but there is no record of his having graduated in that university. When Queen Mary attempted to re-establish the friars in England, Bourchier became a member of the new convent at Greenwich; but on the queen's death he left the country. After spending som...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Military

Pierre de Bourdeille

aka: seigneur de Brantôme, abbé de Brantôme
borndied
1540 ca1614, Jul 15
a French historian, soldier and biographer. He was given several benefices, the most important of which was the abbey of Brantôme, but had no inclination for an ecclesiastical career. He became a soldier and came into contact with many of the great leaders of the continental wars. A fall from his horse compelled him to retire into private life about 1589, a...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Physicians

Jean-Baptiste Marc Bourgery

borndied
1797, May 191849, Jun
a French physician and anatomist who was a native of Orleans. From 1817 to 1820 he worked as an interne at Parisian hospitals, and subsequently spent several years as a medical officer at the copper foundries in Romilly-sur-Seine. In 1830 he began work on Traité complet de l’anatomie de l’homme comprenant la médecine operatoire., a masterpiece on human...
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Links (1)


Thomas Bourn

borndied
1771, Apr 191832, Aug 20
an English schoolteacher and educational writer. He published in 1807,A Concise Gazetteer of the most Remarkable Places in the World; with references to the principal historical events and most celebrated persons connected with them; a 3rd edition was printed in 1822. A compilation of maps of 900 pages that sought to make geography a more accessibe subject t...
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Links (1)


Reuben Bourne

bornactivedied
unknown1690sunknown
an English dramatist. Bourne belonged to the Middle Temple, and left behind him a comedy which has never been acted. The title of this is 'The Contented Cuckold, or Woman's Advocate,' 4to, 1692. Its scene is Edmonton, and the principal character, Sir Peter Lovejoy, contends that a cuckold is one of the scarcest of created beings.
Links (1)


Cross-listed in Physicians

Robert Bourne

borndied
17611829, Dec 23
an English physician and professor of medicine. He proceeded B.A. in 1781, M.A. in 1784, M.B. in 1786, and in 1787 took the degree of M.D. and was elected physician to the Radcliffe Infirmary at Oxford. In 1790 he became a fellow of the Royal College of Physicians. In 1794 he was appointed reader of chemistry at Oxford. He was Harveian Orator in 1797. In 180...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Inventors

William Bourne

aka: of Gravesend
borndied
1535 ca1582
an English mathematician, innkeeper and former Royal Navy gunner who presented the first design for a navigable submarine and wrote important navigational manuals. In 1574, he produced a popular version of the Martín Cortés de Albacar's Arte de Navegar, entitled A Regiment for the Sea. Bourne was critical of some aspects of the original and produced a manu...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in ArtistsExplorers

Marc-Theodore Bourrit

aka: Marc-Théodore
borndied
17391819
a genevois traveller and writer. He was a good artist and etcher, and also a pastor, so that by reason of his fine voice and love of music he was made (1768) precentor of the church of St Peter (the former cathedral) at Geneva. This post enabled him to devote himself to the exploration of the Alps, for which he had conceived a great passion ever since an asc...
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Links (1)


Edme Boursault

aka: Edmé
borndied
1638, Oct1701, Sep 15
a French dramatist and miscellaneous writer, born at Mussy l'Evéque, now Mussy-sur-Seine (Aube). On his first arrival in Paris in 1651 his language was limited to Burgundian language, but within a year he produced his first comedy, Le Mort vivant. This and some other pieces of small merit secured for him distinguished patronage in the society ridiculed by <...
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Links (1)


Amable de Bourzeys

borndied
1606, Apr 61672, Aug 2
a French churchman, writer, hellenist, and Academician. There is very little information available about the details of his life. A founding member of the Académie française, in 1663 Jean-Baptiste Colbert also made him one of the five founding members of the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres.
Links (1)


Cross-listed in Clergy

Reynold Bouyer

borndied
1741, Dec 241826, Jan 30
an English clergyman, archdeacon of Northumberland. Bouyer was an energetic reformer. During his time in Lincolnshire he was engaged in a variety of efforts at employing the poor, promoting wool production and the worsted industry, and founding the Lincolnshire Stuff Balls at Alford in 1785. He established a scheme whereby parishes opened spinning schools, i...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Cartographers

John Bowack

bornactivedied
unknown1730sunknown
a British topographer, for many years a writing-master at Westminster School. In 1705-6, when living in Church Lane, Chelsea, he began to publish, in folio numbers, 'The Antiquities of Middlesex, being a collection of the several church monuments in that county; also an historical account of each church and parish, with the seats, villages, and names of the ...
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Links (1)


John William Bowden

borndied
1798, Feb 211844, Sep 15
an English functionary and writer on church matters. He was a close friend of John Henry Newman, who described their relationship in his Apologia. To Hugh James Rose's British Magazine he contributed six of the 178 hymns that in 1836 were collected as Lyra Apostolica. In the spring of 1840 he published his Life of Gregory the Seventh. He proposed to write, b...
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Links (1)


Henrietta Maria Bowdler

borndied
17501830, Feb 25
an author and expurgator. Harriet's own Sermons on the Doctrines and Duties of Christianity appeared anonymously, and passed through nearly fifty editions. Beilby Porteus, bishop of London, believed them to be from the pen of a clergyman, and is said to have offered their author, through the publishers, a living in his diocese. In 1810 Bowdler edited Fragmen...
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Links (1)


Jane Bowdler

borndied
1743, Feb 141784
a poet and essayist. Jane Bowdler took to writing when she lost her voice for a period of four years in about 1777. She had suffered from intermittent ill health since contracting smallpox in 1759. She died in 1784 at Ashley and was buried in the family vault in London. Jane's Poems and Essays by a Lady Lately Deceased was published by her family for charity...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Legal

John Bowdler the Younger

borndied
1783, Feb 21815, Feb 1
an English essayist, poet and lawyer. In 1810 he began to show signs of tuberculosis, and for the sake of his health spent the two following years in southern Europe. Bowdler engaged in literary pursuits during his illness, and in 1816 his father published his Select Pieces in Prose and Verse (2 vols.) This book contained a memoir and the journal kept by Bow...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Clergy

Thomas Bowdler the Younger

borndied
1782, Mar 131856, Nov 12
a Christian (Anglican) priest, sermon-writer, biographer and editor. In 1803 he was appointed curate of Leyton, Essex; and after holding the livings of Ash and Ridley, and of Addington, Kent, he became in 1834 incumbent of the church at Sydenham. He took an active part in opposing the Tractarian movement around 1840. In 1846 he became secretary of the Church...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in NavalCommerce

Ashley Bowen

bornactivedied
1728, Jan 81741-1790s1813
the first American sailor to write an autobiography. Although Bowen's career as a sailor was not particularly remarkable, his writings are of great value in understanding the life of an average sailor at that time. Bowen was a sailor from the age of 13 to the age of 35. Although Bowen did not become a master of his own ship or have notable seafaring adventur...
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Links (3)


Cross-listed in Clergy

John Bowes

borndied
1804, Jun 121874, Sep 23
an English preacher. Bowes began teaching while in his teens, first among the Wesleyans, and then as a primitive methodist minister. Bowes renounced party appellations around 1830 to start a new mission at Dundee, with the help of Jabez Burns. Bowes' publications consist of some 220 tracts, two series of magazines—the Christian Magazine and the Truth Promo...
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Links (1)


Thomas Bowes

bornactivedied
unknown1580sunknown
an English translator. Bowes was educated at Clare College, Cambridge, graduating BA in 1579–80 and MA in 1583. He translated into English the first and second parts of the French Academy, a moral and philosophical treatise written by Peter of Primaudaye, a French writer of the late-16th century. The translation of the first part was published in 1586; it ...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Clergy

John Bowle

borndied
17251788
an English clergyman, known today primarily for his ground-breaking, annotated edition of Miguel de Cervantes' Don Quixote. Bowle was an erudite scholar, acquainted with French, Spanish, and Italian literature, and accumulated a large and valuable l...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Clergy

Nicholas Bownde

aka: Bownd, Bound
borndied
unknown1613
an English clergyman, known for his Christian Sabbatarian writings. In 1595 Bownde published the first edition of his treatise on Sabbath. In it he maintained that the seventh part of our time ought to be devoted to the service of God; that Christians are bound to rest on the first day of the week as much as the Jews were on Mosaical Sabbath. He contended th...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Physicians

Peter Bowne

aka: Bounæus
borndied
15751624 ca
an English physician. Bowne was a native of Bedfordshire and became at the age of fifteen a scholar of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, in April 1590. He was afterwards elected a fellow of that society. After taking degrees in arts he applied himself to medicine, and proceeded B.M. and D.M. at Oxford on 12 July 1614. He was the author of 'Pseudo-Medicorum Ana...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Artists

Samuel Boyce

borndied
unknown1775
an English engraver and poet. Boyce was originally an engraver, and subsequently worked in the South Sea House. He published one play, entitled The Rover, or Happiness at Last, a dramatic pastoral (1752), which was never performed. In its preface, he claimed that this was due to its length, and not to its lack of merit. In 1757, he published Poems on Several...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Clergy

Thomas Boyce

borndied
1732 ca1793, Feb 4
an English cleric and dramatist. He was born at Swanton, Norfolk. Boyce spent four years under Mr. Bullimer at Norwich, and four at Scarning under Mr. Brett. He was admitted pensioner to Caius College, Cambridge, proceeding B.A. in 1754 and M.A. in 1767. Ordained deacon, he served as curate of Cringleford in 1768, and rector of Worlingham, Suffolk, from 1780...
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Links (1)


Mark Alexander Boyd

borndied
1562, Jan 131601, Apr 10
a Scottish poet and soldier of fortune. He was born in Ayrshire, Scotland. His father was from Pinkell, Carrick in Ayrshire. Boyd left Scotland for France as a young man. There he studied civil law. He took part in the religious wars of the League, fighting on the Catholic side. He had two collections of Latin poems published, in 1590 and 1592, at a time whe...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Clergy

Zachary Boyd

borndied
15851653
a Scottish minister and university administrator who wrote many sermons, scriptural versifications and other devotional works. He served as Dean of Faculties, Rector and Vice-Chancellor at the University of Glasgow during the 1630s and 1640s, and bequeathed a generous legacy to the University including his library and large manuscript collection of unpublish...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Clergy

Claude Boyer

borndied
16181698, Jul 22
a French clergyman, playwright, apologist and poet. Contrary to a popular belief, he was never abbot. Claude Boyer was educated by the Jesuits, where he excelled in rhetoric. His classmate Michel Le Clerc, who like him wrote tragedies and was elected to the French Academy, became one of his closest friends. In 1645, Boyer moved to Paris where he attended exh...
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Links (1)


Jean-Baptiste de Boyer

aka: Marquis d'Argens
borndied
1704, Jun 241771, Jan 11
a French philosopher and writer. Boyer was born in Aix-en-Provence. An arch-opponent of the Catholic Church, intolerance and religious oppression, he had to flee his native France and his books were frequently denounced by the Inquisition. In 1724 he accompanied the French ambassador on a journey to Constantinople, where he lived for a year. After an adventu...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in InventorsScientists

Robert Boyle

borndied
1627, Jan 251691, Dec 31
an Anglo-Irish natural philosopher, chemist, physicist and inventor born in Lismore, County Waterford, Ireland. Boyle is largely regarded today as the first modern chemist, and therefore one of the founders of modern chemistry, and one of the pioneers of modern experimental scientific method. He is best known for Boyle's law. Among his works, The Sceptical C...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Naval

Edward Boys

bornactivedied
17491796-18511866
an English sea captain. In 1803, Boys, when in charge of a prize, was made prisoner by the French, and continued so for six years, when after many daring and ingenious attempts he succeeded in effecting his escape.Immediately after his escape, and whilst in the West Indies, he wrote for his family an account of his adventures in France; the risk of getting s...
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Links (4)


John Boys [1]

borndied
1614 ca1661
an English translator of Virgil. Boys chiefly prided himself on his classical attainments. In 1661 he published two translations from Virgil's Æneid. Boys' second book is called Æneas, his Errours on his Voyage from Troy into Italy; an essay upon the Third Book of Virgil's "Æneis." A translation of the third book of the 'Æneid' in heroic verse occupies f...
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Links (1)


John Boys [2]

borndied
1749, Nov1824
a British agriculturist, only son of William Boys and Ann, daughter of William Cooper of Ripple. At Betshanger and afterwards at Each, Kent, he farmed with skill and success, and as a grazier was well known for his breed of South Down sheep. He was one of the commissioners of sewers for East Kent, and did much to promote the drainage of the Finglesham and E...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Clergy

Thomas Boys

bornactivedied
17921820s1880
an Anglican priest and theologian. Boys was a prolific writer. In 1825 he published a key to the Psalms, and in 1827 a Plain Exposition of the New Testament. Already in 1821 he had issued a volume of sermons, and in 1824 a book entitled Tactica Sacra, expounding a theory that in the arrangement of the New Testament writings a parallelism could be detected si...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Clergy

Theophilus Brabourne

borndied
15901662
an English Puritan clergyman and theological writer on the Christian Sabbath question. Brabourne held a conference with Francis White (bishop of Norwich 1629-31, of Ely 1631-8). This was the beginning of his troubles with the high commission court. He was in the Gatehouse Prison at Westminster for nine weeks, and was then publicly examined before the high co...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Clergy

David Bradberry

borndied
17361803
an English nonconformist minister. Bradberry appears to have been resident in London in 1768, and for a time was minister of the congregation at Glovers' Hall, London, which then belonged to the baptists; but he went from Ramsgate to Manchester, where he succeeded the Rev. Timothy Priestley as the minister of a congregational church in Cannon Street. He was ...
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Links (1)Notes (1)


Cross-listed in Clergy

John Braddocke

borndied
16561719, Aug 14
an English cleric. Braddocke was a native of Shropshire, and received his education at St. Catharine's Hall, Cambridge, where he was elected to a fellowship (B.A. 1674, M.A. 1678). On leaving the university, he became chaplain to Sir James Oxenden and to Dr. John Battely, rector of the neighbouring parish of Adisham. In 1694 he was nominated to the perpetual...
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Links (1)


Laurence Braddon

borndied
unknown1724, Nov 29
an English politician and writer. Most of Braddon's works relate to the death of the Earl of Essex. The 'Enquiry into and Detection of the Barbarous Murther of the late Earl of Essex' (1689) was probably from his pen, and he was undoubtedly the author of 'Essex's Innocency and Honour vindicated' (1690), 'Murther will out' (1692), 'True and Impartial Narrativ...
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Links (1)


Sarah Hopkins Bradford

aka: Cousin Cicely
borndied
1818, Aug 201912, Jun 25
an American writer and historian, best known today for her two pioneering biography books on Harriet Tubman. Most of her work consists of children's literature. Bradford wrote her first published work, Amy, the Glass-Blower's Daughter: A True Narrative ...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Governance

William Bradford

borndied
1590 ca1657
an English Separatist leader who grew up in Yorkshire, and later moved to Leiden, Holland, and helped found the Plymouth Colony. He was a signatory to the Mayflower Compact while aboard the Mayflower in 1620. He served as Plymouth Colony Governor five times covering about thirty years between 1621 and 1657. His journal, Of Plymouth Plantation, covered the pe...
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Timeline (2)Links (1)


Cross-listed in Physicians

Thomas Bradley

borndied
17511813
an English physician. His doctoral dissertation was published as De Epispasticorum Usu in variis morbis tractandis. For many years he acted as editor of the Medical and Physical Journal. He published a revised and enlarged edition of Joseph Fox the younger's Medical Dictionary, 1803, and also a Treatise on Worms and other Animals which infest the Human Body,...
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Links (1)


Henry Bradshaw

borndied
1450 ca1513
an English poet born in Chester. In his boyhood he was received into the Benedictine monastery of Saint Werburgh, and after studying with other novices of his order at Gloucester College, Oxford, he returned to his monastery at Chester. Bradshaw wrote a Latin treatise De antiquitate et magnificentia Urbis Cestricie, which is lost, and a life of the pa...
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Links (1)


John Bradshaw

bornactivedied
unknown1670s-1680sunknown
an English criminal and supposed political writer. He was the son of Alban Bradshaw, an attorney, of Maidstone, Kent, where he was born. He was admitted a scholar of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, in 1674; but was expelled in 1677 for robbing and attempting to murder one of the senior fellows. He was tried and condemned to death, but after a year's imprison...
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Links (1)


William Bradshaw [1]

borndied
15711618
a moderate English Puritan, born in Market Bosworth. He was educated at Ashby-de-la-Zouch, where he met both Anthony Gilby, and his future patron Arthur Hildersham, and at Emmanuel College, Cambridge. He became a Fellow of Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge in 1599, but left Cambridge in 1601. A friend from Sidney Sussex was Thomas Gataker, and they later wrot...
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Links (1)


William Bradshaw [2]

bornactivedied
unknown1700 caunknown
a British hack writer. Not much is known about his life. Bradshaw was originally educated for the church. The eccentric bookseller John Dunton, from whom our only knowledge of him is derived, has left a flattering account of his abilities. Dunton wrote "His genius was quite above the common order, and his style was incomparably fine. … He wrote for me the ...
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Links (1)


Nicholas Bradshawe

bornactivedied
unknown1630sunknown
an English writer. Very little is known about the details of his life. He was a fellow of Balliol College, Oxford. He was the author of Canticvm Evangelicvm Summam Sacri Evangelii continens, London, 1635, dedicated to Sir Arthur Mainwaring.
Links (1)


Anne Bradstreet

aka: Anne Dudley
borndied
1612, Mar 201672, Sep 16
the most prominent of early English poets of North America and first female writer in England's North American colonies to be published. She was also a prominent Puritan figure in American Literature. Bradstreet's first volume of poetry was The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America, published in 1650. It was met with a positive reception in both the Old Wor...
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Links (1)


John Brady

borndied
unknown1814, Dec 5
a clerk and author. Brady was a clerk in the victualling office. He was the author of Clavis Calendaria; or a Compendious Analysis of the Calendar: illustrated with ecclesiastical, historical, and classical anecdotes, 2 vols., London, 1812, 8vo; 3rd edit., 1815. The compiler also published an abridgment of the work, and some extracts from it appeared in 1826...
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Robert Braham

bornactivedied
unknown1550sunknown
an English editor. In 1555, he edited The Auncient Historic and onely trewe and syncere Cronicle of the warres betwixte the Grecians and the Trojans, translated into Englyshe verse by J. Lydgate, Thomas Marshe, London, 1555, folio. Lydgate's work had already appeared in print under the title of The hystory, sege, and dystruccyen of Troy (1513). Braham prefix...
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Karen Brahe

bornactivedied
1657, Dec 11683-17171736, Sep 27
a Danish aristocrat and book-collector. Karen became an able administrator of her father's estate, which she ran from her mother's death until her father himself died. After her father's death she moved to Østrupgård and became the estate-owner there until her death. She was a diligent scholar. Karen Brahe was an avid letter writer. Her surviving letters c...
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Benjamin Braidley

borndied
17921845
an English writer on Sunday schools. Braidley was the author of Sunday School Memorials, Manchester, 1831, which contains short biographies of persons connected with the Bennett Street Sunday schools. This work, parts of which first appeared in the Christian Guardian, passed through four editions, the last of which, much enlarged, was published in 1880 as Be...
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Cross-listed in InventorsEducators

Louis Braille

borndied
1809, Jan 41852, Jan 6
a French educator and inventor of a system of reading and writing for use by the blind or visually impaired. His system remains known worldwide simply as braille. Blinded in both eyes as a result of an early childhood accident, Braille mastered his disability while still a boy. He excelled in his education and received scholarship to France's Royal Institute...
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Timeline (1)Links (1)


John Brailsford the younger

borndied
unknown1775
an English cleric, headmaster and author. Brailsford, after completing his education at Emmanuel College, Cambridge (B.A. 1744, M.A. 1766), was appointed in 1766 to the head-mastership of the free school at Birmingham, which situation he held till his death on 25 November 1775. He was also vicar of North Wheatley, Nottinghamshire, and chaplain to Francis, lo...
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Links (1)


John Braithwaite

borndied
1700 ca1768 ca
an English author. Braithwaite was the author of The History of the Revolution in the Empire of Morocco upon the Death of the late Emperor Muley Ishmael, published in 1729 and translated into Dutch in 1729, German in 1730, and French in 1731. In his preface Braithwaite describes himself as being in the service of the African Company, and as having, when very...
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James Bramston

borndied
1694 ca1743
an English satirist, educated at Westminster School and Oxford, took orders and was later Vicar of Harting. His poems are The Art of Politics (1729), in imitation of Horace, and The Man of Taste (1733), in imitation of Alexander Pope. He also paro...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Legal

John Bramston the Younger

borndied
16111700
an English lawyer and politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1660 to 1679. The son of Sir John Bramston, the elder, he was educated at Wadham College, Oxford, and called to bar at Middle Temple in 1635. In 1660 he was elected to the Convention Parliament for the county of Essex and again in the Cavalier Parliament of 1661 (a year he was also knighte...
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Links (1)


Camilo Castelo Branco

aka: 1st Viscount de Correia Botelho
bornactivedied
1825, Mar 161851-18861890, Jun
a prolific Portuguese writer of the 19th century, having produced over 260 books (mainly novels, plays and essays). His writing is considered original in that it combines the dramatic and sentimental spirit of Romanticism with a highly personal combination of sarcasm, bitterness and dark humour. He is also celebrated for his peculiar wit and anecdotal charac...
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Cross-listed in Clergy

John Brand

borndied
unknown1808, Dec 23
an English clergyman and writer on politics and political economy. Having taken orders and held a curacy he was appointed reader at St Peter Mancroft, Norwich. Brand was a Tory, and his Toryism coloured all his writings. In his first pamphlet, Observations on some of the probable effects of Mr. Gilbert's Bill, to which are added Remarks on Dr. Price's accoun...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Clergy

Gerard Brandt

borndied
1626, Jul 251685, Oct 12
a Dutch preacher, playwright, poet, church historian, biographer and naval historian. A well-known writer in his own time, his works include a Life of Michiel de Ruyter (1687, Het Leven en bedryf van den Heere Michiel de Ruiter - an important source on the admiral's life) and a Historie der vermaerde zee- en koopstadt Enkhuisen (1666, Geschiedenis van Enkhui...
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Links (1)


Thomas Brasbridge

bornactivedied
15471570s-1580s1593
an English divine and author. At Oxford he studied both divinity and medicine, and remained to tend the plague-stricken during the severe epidemic of 1563–64. He supplicated for the degree of B.D. on 27 May 1574, but does not appear to have been granted it. About 1578 he resigned his fellowship. He describes himself as an inhabitant of London in that year,...
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Richard Brathwait

aka: Brathwaite
borndied
15881673, May 4
an English poet. He was the author of many works of very unequal merit, of which the best known is Drunken Barnaby's Four Journeys, which records his pilgrimages through England in rhymed Latin (said by Southey to be the best of modern times), and doggerel English verse. The English Gentleman (1631) and English Gentlewoman are in a much ...
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Georges de Brebeuf

aka: Brébeuf
borndied
16181661
a French poet and translator best known for his verse translation of Lucan's Pharsalia (1654) which was warmly received by Pierre Corneille, but which was ridiculed by Nicolas Boileau-Despreaux in his Art poétique. His later works are meditative, an...
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Links (1)


Gerbrand Adriaenszoon Bredero

borndied
1585, Mar 161618, Aug 23
a Dutch poet and playwright in the period known as the Dutch Golden Age. At school Bredero learned French and possibly also some English and Latin. Later he was educated as an artist by the Antwerp painter Francesco Badens, but none of his paintings have survived. In 1611 he became a member of the rederijkerskamer d'Eglantier, where he was an active member a...
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Fredrika Bremer

borndied
1801, Aug 171865, Dec 31
a Swedish writer and feminist reformer. Her Sketches of Everyday Life were wildly popular in Britain and the United States during the 1840s and '50s and she is regarded as the Swedish Jane Austen, bringing the realist novel to prominence in Swedish literature. In her late 30s, she successfully petitioned King Charles XIV for emancipation from her brother's w...
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Sophia Elisabet Brenner

borndied
1659, Apr 291730, Sep 14
a Swedish writer, poet, feminist and salon hostess. ophia Elisabet Brenner was encouraged by her spouse and his artistic friends to continue her studies and her writing during her marriage: she is known to be active as a writer from the year after her marriage until her death: the only older poem known is her funeral poem over her teacher in 1676. She studi...
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Links (1)


Clemens Brentano

borndied
1778, Sep 91842, Jul 28
a German poet and novelist, and a major figure of German Romanticism. In 1818, weary of his somewhat restless and unsettled life, he returned to the practice of the Catholic faith and withdrew to the monastery of Dülmen, where he lived for some years in strict seclusion. Brentano, whose early writings were published under the pseudonym Maria, belonged to th...
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Links (1)


Jane Brereton

borndied
16851740
a Welsh poet who wrote in English, who is notable as a correspondent of The Gentleman's Magazine. Brereton possessed talents for versification, if not for poetry, which she displayed for some years as a correspondent to The Gentleman's Magazine, under the signature Melissa. There she had a competitor who signed himself FIDO and is supposed to have been Thoma...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in ExplorersClergy

John Brereton

borndied
1572 cq1632 ca
a gentleman adventurer and chronicler of the 1602 voyage to the New World led by Bartholomew Gosnold. Brereton recorded the first European exploration of Cape Cod and its environs. His account, published in 1602, helped promote the possibilities of English colonization in what was then known as "the North part of Virginia" and would later become known as New...
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Links (1)


Thomas Bretnor

bornactivedied
unknown1600s-1610sunknown
an almanac maker. Bretnor calls himself on the title-page of one of his almanacs 'student in astronomie and physicke,' and on that of another, 'professor of the mathematicks and student in physicke in Cow Lane, London.' Bretnor was a notorious character in London, and is noticed by more
Links (1)


Nicholas Breton

aka: Britton, Brittaine
borndied
15451626
an English poet and novelist, belonged to an old family settled at Layer Breton, Essex. Breton was a prolific author of considerable versatility and gift, popular with his contemporaries, and forgotten by the next generation. His work consists of religious and pastoral poems, satires, and a number of miscellaneous prose tracts. His religious poems are someti...
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Links (1)


John Brett

bornactivedied
unknown1550sunknown
a messenger for Mary I of England when she tried to have the Marian exiles returned to England. Very little is known about his life. His chronicle survives, and gives us detailed information on this episode. His chronicle is entitled, A Narrative of the Pursuit of Eng...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in AstronomersInventorsScientists

David Brewster

borndied
1781, Dec 111868, Feb 10
a Scottish physicist, mathematician, astronomer, inventor, writer, historian of science and university principal. Most noted for his contributions to the field of optics, he studied the double refraction by compression and discovered the photoelastic effect, which gave birth to the field of optical mineralogy. For his work, William Whewell dubbed him the "Fa...
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Links (1)


Nicolas Bricaire de la Dixmerie

borndied
1730 ca1791, Nov 26
a French man of letters, was born at Lamothe (Haute-Marne). While still young he removed to Paris, where the rest of his life was spent in literary activity. His numerous works include Contes philosophiques et moraux (1765), Les Deux Ages du goût et du génie sous Lou...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Sculptors

Thomas Brice

borndied
15361571
a Church of England clergyman, martyrologist and poet in the later 16th century. He was the author of A Compendious Regester of 1559. Two other books are attributed to Brice in the Stationers' Registers, but nothing is now known of either of them.
Links (1)


Cross-listed in CartographersLegal

John Bridges

borndied
16661724
an English lawyer, antiquarian and topographer. n 1718 he was elected a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries, and in the following year he began the formation of voluminous manuscript collections for the history of Northamptonshire. Bridges's manuscripts fill thirty folio volumes, with five quarto volumes of descriptions of churches collected for him and fo...
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Links (1)


Thomas Bridges

borndied
1710 ca1775 ca
an English writer of parodies, drama and one novel. He was born in Hull, the son of a physician. He became a wine merchant and a partner in a banking firm. In 1762 he published, under the pseudonym Caustic Barebones, A Travestie of Homer, a parody or burlesque translation of Homer's Iliad. The work achieved some popularity, and was reprinted several t...
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Links (1)


Richard W. Bridgman

borndied
1761 ca1820, Nov 16
an English attorney and writer on law. Bridgman was born about 1761, and died at Bath, Somerset, in his fifty-ninth year. He was an attorney, and acted as one of the clerks of the Grocers' Company. He left a total of nine works, all published between 1798 and 1813.
Links (1)Notes (1)


Cross-listed in Physicians

Alexandre Jacques Francois Briere de Boismont

aka: Alexandre Jacques François Brière de Boismont
borndied
1797, Oct 181881, Dec 25
a French physician and psychiatrist born in Rouen.In 1845 he published Des Hallucinations, ou Histoire raisonnée des apparitions, des visions, des songes, de l'extase, du magnétisme et du somnambulisme, a landmark study of hallucinations. In 1856 he published a comprehensive study on suicide, titled Du suicide et de la folie suicide.
Links (1)


Nicholas Brigham

bornactivedied
unknown1550-15581558
a Latin scholar and antiquarian, who gave up literature to practise in the law courts, and who flourished in 1550. He was described as no common poet and a good orator, and that in 1555 he built a tomb for the bones of Geoffrey Chaucer in Westminster Abbey. Perhaps his only literary production now known is his epitaph on Chaucer.
Links (1)


Cross-listed in ClergyPhysicians

Timothie Bright

borndied
1551 ca1615
an Early Modern British physician and clergyman, the inventor of modern shorthand. Bright graduated M.B. at Cambridge in 1574, received a license to practise medicine in the following year, and was created M.D. in 1579. Bright afterwards abandoned the medical profession and took holy orders. In 1588 he dedicated his treatise Characterie to Queen Elizabeth, w...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Clergy

Thomas Brightman

borndied
15621607
an English clergyman and biblical commentator. His exegesis of the Book of Revelation, published posthumously, proved influential. Brightman's contributions was to weaken the imperial associations tied to the Emperor Constantine I. The detailed reading, in favour of the Genevan and Scottish churches, and condemning the 'Laodicean' (lukewarm) Church of Englan...
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Links (1)


Henry Brinklow

aka: Brynklow, Brinkelow, Roderyck, Roderigo, Mors
borndied
unknown1545, Jan 20 ca
an English polemicist. Brinklow claimed to have been a Franciscan friar. If so, then at some point he left the order and married. He claimed to have been for a time exiled from England for his outspoken criticism of the bishops. If Brinklow wrote before 1542, it was not published. It was only at this time that the work of 'Roderyck Mors' began to be dissipat...
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Links (1)


Thomas Brinknell

aka: Brynknell
borndied
unknown1539 ca
a professor at Oxford. Brinknell was educated at Lincoln College, Oxford and was appointed head-master of the school attached to Magdalen College. He was the author of a treatise against Martin Luther, which does not seem to have been printed. According to Wood ...
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John Brinsley the Elder

bornactivedied
unknown1581-1624unknown
an English schoolmaster, known for his educational works. His best-known work is Ludus Literarius: or, the Grammar Schoole; shewing how to proceede from the first entrance into learning to the highest perfection required in the Grammar Schooles, London, 1612 and 1627. The work takes the form of a dialogue of two schoolmasters, discussing education of the you...
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Cross-listed in Physicians

William Brinton

borndied
1823, Nov 201867, Jan 17
an English physician. In 1848 he sent to the Royal Society a paper, 'Contributions to the Physiology of the Alimentary Canal.' He published a series of 'clinical remarks' in The Lancet. In 1857 he published the Pathology, Symptoms, and Treatment of Ulcer of the Stomach, the first complete treatise on that subject which had appeared in England, and in 1859 he...
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Cross-listed in Military

Abbott Hall Brisbane

borndied
1804, Dec 41861, Sep 28
a prominent South Carolinian whose accomplishments included an extensive military career, engineering work, a professorship, authorship of a major Roman Catholic inspirational novel, and eventually, in retirement, a slave-holding plantation owner before the U.S. Civil War. He authored what on expert described as "the only Catholic [inspirational] novel from ...
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Links (1)


Sophia Briscoe

bornactivedied
unknown1770sunknown
an 18th-century English novelist. Little is known of her life. Briscoe was the author of the epistolary novels Miss Melmoth; or the New Clarissa (1771) and The Fine Lady: A Novel (sometimes The Fine Lady; or a history of Mrs. Montague, 1772). Briscoe was paid 20 guineas for the copyright of The Fine Lady. A German translation of The Fine Lady appeared as Die...
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Links (1)


Mathurin Jacques Brisson

borndied
1723, Apr 301806, Jun 23
a French zoologist and natural philosopher. Brisson was born at Fontenay-le-Comte. The earlier part of his life was spent in the pursuit of natural history, his published works in this field included Le Règne animal (1756) and the highly regarded Ornithologie (1760). A significant work involving the "specific weight of bodies" was his Pesanteur Spécifique ...
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Jacques Pierre Brissot

aka: de Wayville, Jean Pierre
borndied
1754, Jan 151793, Oct 31
a leading member of the Girondist movement during the French Revolution. Brissot became known as a writer and was engaged on the Mercure de France, the Courrier de l'Europe and other papers. Devoted to the cause of humanity, he proposed a plan for the collaboration of all European intellectuals and started in London a paper, Journal du Lycée de Londres, whi...
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Thomas Brittain

borndied
1806, Jan 21884, Jan 23
an English naturalist. In some contributions to Axon's Field Naturalist, he told the story of his scientific studies from the time of his first microscope, which he obtained in 1834. Brittain was connected with other scientific societies in Manchester and London. He was a clear and animated speaker, and for many years lectured on various subjects of natural ...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Clergy

Thomas Biggin Broadbent

borndied
17931817, Nov 9 ca
an English preacher. After graduating in April 1813 he became classical tutor in the Unitarian academy at Hackney, an office he filled till 1816, preaching latterly at Prince's Street Chapel, Westminster, during a vacancy. His pulpit powers were remarkable. He prepared for the press, in 1816, portions (1 and 2 Cor., 1 Tim., and Titus) of Thomas Belsham's Epi...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Legal

John Brograve

borndied
15381613, Sep 11
an English lawyer and politician. He was the Member of Parliament for Preston on several occasions, and once for Boroughbridge. In 1576 he was autumn reader at Gray's Inn, where he was admitted in 1555, and he was elected one of the treasurers there in February 1579-80, and again in February 1583-4. He is the author of 'The Reading of Mr. John Brograve of Gr...
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Sir Robert Broke

aka: Brooke. Brook
borndied
unknown1558, Sep 5 ca
a British justice, politician and legal writer. Although a landowner in rural Shropshire, he made his fortune through more than 20 years' service to the City of London. MP for the City in five parliaments, he served as Speaker of the House of Commons in 1554. He is celebrated as the author of one of the Books of authority. A prominent religious conservative,...
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Alexander Brome

borndied
16201666, Jun 30
an English poet. Brome was by profession an attorney, and was the author of many drinking songs and of satirical verses in favour of the Royalists and in opposition to the Rump Parliament. In 1661, following the Restoration, he published Songs and other Poems, containing songs on various subjects, followed by a series of political songs; ballads, epis...
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James Brome

borndied
unknown1719
an English clergyman and travel writer. In 1694 there appeared the work Historical Account of Mr. R. Rogers's three years' Travels over England and Wales, In 1700 Brome published under his own name Travels over England, Scotland, and Wales, stating in the preface that the previous book was based on his own work. A second edition appeared in 1707. Another boo...
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Links (1)


Richard Brome

borndied
1590 ca1652
an English dramatist of the Caroline era. Virtually nothing is known about Brome's private life. Due to the survival of various legal documents, much more is known about Brome's professional activities than his personal life. Once established as a dramatist, Brome wrote for all the major acting companies and theaters of his era. The plays Brome wrote were ce...
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Links (1)


William Bromfeild

aka: Bromfield
borndied
17121792, Nov 24
an English surgeon. In 1741 he began a course of lectures on anatomy and surgery which attracted a large attendance of pupils. Some years afterwards he formed with Martin Madan the plan of the London Lock Hospital for the treatment of venereal disease, to which he was appointed surgeon. For a theatrical performance in aid of its funds he altered an old comed...
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Eliza Bromley

aka: Eliza Nugent
bornactivedied
unknown1784-1803unknown
an English novelist and translator. Nothing is really known about the details of her life. Mrs Bromley was the widow of an army officer. She wrote and published Laura and Augustus: an Authentic Story (1784) and The Cave of Cosenza: a Romance of the Eighteenth Century (1803) (translated from an Italian original).
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Henry Bromley

aka: Anthony Wilson
borndied
1750 ca1814 ca
an English writer on art and author of the Catalogue of Engraved Portraits. He received assistance in the compilation from many leading antiquaries and virtuosi, including Sir William Musgrave, James Bindley, and Anthony Morris Storer. In the Catalogue Wilson aimed at furnishing a complete list of engraved British portraits, neglecting only those which could...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Clergy

John Bromley

borndied
unknown1717
an English clergyman, Catholic convert, and translator. Bromley was a native of Shropshire, and was educated at Magdalene College, Cambridge. At the beginning of James II's reign he was curate of St. Giles's-in-the-Fields, London; but soon afterwards he joined the Roman Catholic church and obtained employment as a corrector of the press in the king's printin...
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Links (1)


Anne Bronte

aka: Brontë, Acton Bell
borndied
1820, Jan 171849, May 28
an English novelist and poet, the youngest member of the Brontë literary family. After leaving her teaching position, she fulfilled her literary ambitions. She published a volume of poetry with her sisters (Poems by Currer, Ellis, and Acton Bell, 1846) and two novels. Agnes Grey, based upon her experiences as a governess, was published in 1847. Her second a...
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Timeline (1)Links (1)


Cross-listed in Artists

Branwell Bronte

aka: Brontë
borndied
1817, Jun 261848, Sep 24
an English painter and writer. He was the only son of the Brontë family, and brother of the writers Charlotte, Emily and Anne. Brontë was rigorously tutored at home by his father, and shared much of his sisters’ creative talent, earning praise for his poetry and translations from the classics. But he drifted between jobs, supporting himself by portrait-p...
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Links (26)


Charlotte Bronte

aka: Brontë, Currer Bell
bornactivedied
1816, Apr 211846-18551855, Mar 31
an English novelist and poet, the eldest of the three Brontë sisters who survived into adulthood and whose novels have become classics of English literature. In May 1846 Charlotte, Emily and Anne self-financed the publication of a joint collection of poems under their assumed names Currer, Ellis and Acton Bell. Charlotte's first manuscript, The Professor, d...
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Timeline (4)Links (19)


Emily Bronte

aka: Brontë, Ellis Bell
borndied
1818, Jul 301848, Dec 19
an English novelist and poet who is best known for her only novel, Wuthering Heights, now considered a classic of English literature. Emily was the third eldest of the four surviving Brontë siblings. Emily Brontë remains a mysterious figure and a challenge to biographers because information about her is sparse, due to her solitary and reclusive nature. She...
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Abraham Brook

bornactivedied
unknown1780sunknown
an English bookseller in Norwich, now remembered as an experimental physicist, working with electrometers and vacuum flasks. He published at Norwich in 1789 a quarto volume of Miscellaneous Experiments and Remarks on Electricity, the Air Pump, and the Barometer, with a description of an Electrometer of a new construction. The work was translated into German ...
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Charlotte Brooke

borndied
1740 ca1793
born in Rantavan, County Cavan, Ireland, was the author of Reliques of Irish Poetry, a pioneering volume of poems collected by her in the Irish language, with facing translations. She was one of twenty-two children fathered by the writer Henry Brooke, author of Gustavus Vasa; only she (and perhaps one other sibling) survived childhood.
Links (1)


Cross-listed in Legal

Christopher Brooke

borndied
unknown1628
an English poet, lawyer and politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1604 and 1626. Besides his other works, Brooke also contributed verses to Michael Drayton's Legend of the Great Cromwell, 1607; to Thomas Coriat's Odcombian Banquet, 1611; to Henry Lichfield's First Set of Madrigals, 1614 (two pieces, one to the Lady Cheyney and another to the aut...
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Links (1)


Elizabeth Brooke

borndied
1601, Jan1683, Jul 22
an English religious writer. She was an indefatigable reader of the scriptures, of biblical commentaries and of the ancient philosophers in English translations. She took notes of all sermons she heard and would question her family and servants about them. In 1631 she began a large volume of Collections, Observations, Experiences, Rules, together with a work...
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Frances Brooke

borndied
1724, Jan 121789, Jan 23
an English novelist, essayist, playwright and translator. Brooke was well-known in London's literary and theatrical communities. In 1763 she wrote her first novel, The History of Lady Julia Mandeville. In the same year Brooke sailed to Quebec, Canada to join her husband, who was then chaplain to the British garrison there. In autumn 1768 she returned ...
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Links (1)


Henry Brooke [1]

borndied
16941757, Aug 21
an English schoolmaster and cleric. He published The Usefulness and Necessity of studying the Classicks, a speech spoken at the breaking-up of the Free Grammar School in Manchester, Thursday, 13 Dec. 1744. By Hen. Brooke, A.M., High Master of the said School. Manchester, printed by R. Whitworth, Bookseller, MDCCLXIV (a misprint for 1744). This tract is repri...
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Henry Brooke [2]

borndied
17031783, Oct 10
a novelist and dramatist. Brooke began his career as a poet. His now forgotten Universal Beauty was published in 1735, and Alexander Pope thought its sentiments and poetry fine. He then turned dramatist by adapting extant plays, such as The Earl of Essex...
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Henry James Brooke

borndied
1771, May 251857, Jun 26
an English crystallographer. Brooke's hobbies were mineralogy, geology, and botany. He was elected a Fellow of the Geological Society in 1815, Fellow of the Linnean Society in 1818, and Fellow of the Royal Society in 1819. He discovered thirteen new mineral species. Brooke published a Familiar Introduction to Crystallography, London, 1823; and contributed t...
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Cross-listed in Physicians

Humphrey Brooke

borndied
16171693
an English physician and political radical. Brooke was the author of A Conservatory of Health, comprised in a Plain and Practical Discourse upon the Six Particulars necessary for Man's Life, London, 1650, and also a book of paternal advice, addressed to his children, under the title of The Durable Legacy, London, 1681, of which only fifty copies were printed...
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John Brooke

borndied
unknown1582
an English translator of religious works. He was the son of John Brooke, a native of Ashnext-Sandwich and owner of Brooke House in that village. Although appointed a scholar at Trinity College, Cambridge by the foundation charter of 1546, he did not become a B.A. until 1553–1554. Brooke married Magdalen Stoddard of Mottingham. He died in 1582, leaving no c...
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Ralph Brooke

borndied
15531625
an English Officer of Arms in the reigns of Elizabeth I and James I. He is known for his critiques of the work of other members of the College of Arms, most particularly in A Discoverie of Certaine Errours Published in Print in the Much Commended 'Britannia' 1594, which touched off a feud with its author, the revered antiquarian and herald William Camden.
Links (1)


Richard Brooke

borndied
17911861
an English antiquary. Brooke devoted his leisure time to investigations into the history and antiquities of his county, and into certain branches of natural history. He began this pursuit at a comparatively early age, during visits to his brother, Peter, who resided near Stoke Field. He particularly focused on exploring fields of battle in England, especiall...
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Richard Brooke

borndied
17911861
an English antiquary. Brooke was born in Liverpool in 1791. His father, also named Richard, was a Cheshire man, who settled in Liverpool early in life, and died there on 15 June 1852, at the age of 91. Brooke practised as a solicitor in Liverpool. Brooke devoted his leisure time to investigations into the history and antiquities of his county, and into certa...
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Cross-listed in Physicians

Richard Brookes

bornactivedied
unknown1721-1763unknown
an English physician and author of compilations and translations on medicine, surgery, natural history, and geography, most of which went through several editions. He was at one time a rural practitioner in Surrey (Dedication of Art of Angling). At some time previous to 1762 he had travelled both in America and Africa (Preface to Natural History). His Genera...
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Herbert Broom

borndied
18151882, May 2
an English writer on law. Broom was born at Kidderminster, and was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he graduated as a wrangler in 1837. He proceeded LL.D. in 1864. He was called to the bar at the Inner Temple in Michaelmas term 1840, and practised on the home circuit. For a considerable period he occupied the post of reader of common law at the ...
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Links (1)


Ralph Broome

borndied
17421805
an English stockjobber, pamphleteer and satirical poet. Broome was sent as a cadet to India, where he acquired Oriental languages, including Persian, and became a judge advocate with the rank of captain in the Bengal Army. Broome was a prolific pamphleteer and versifier. Although he had not known Warren Hastings personally in India, he attended the impeachme...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Clergy

Hans Adolph Brorson

borndied
1694, Jun 201764, Jun 3
a Danish Pietist bishop and hymn writer. Brorson belonged to a clerical family: both of this brothers were energetic and successful Pietist vicars. He began publishing hymns in 1732 while a pastor in southern Jutland. Almost forgotten after his death but "re-detected" during the romantic period Brorson is now ranked among the four greatest Danish hymn writer...
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Links (1)


Marie-Felicity Brosset

aka: Marie-Félicité
borndied
1802, Jan 241880, Sep 22
a French orientalist who specialized in Georgian and Armenian studies. He worked mostly in Russia. From 1826 he devoted himself to the Armenian and Georgian languages, history and culture. He had found his true vocation. However, books, teachers, documents were scarce. For Armenian he was helped by Antoine-Jean Saint-Martin. For Georgian he had to create his...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Legal

Claude Brossette

aka: seigneur de Varennes d'Appetour
borndied
1671, Nov 71743
a French lawyer and writer. He was educated at the Collège de la Trinité in Lyon and joined the Jesuits before turning to law. In 1700 he founded the Académie des Sciences, Arts et Belles-Lettres de Lyon, where he remained a bibliothecarian until 1743, and whose secretary he was appointed in 1724. Brossette was a man of far-reaching connections, exchangin...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Scientists

Johan van Brosterhuysen

aka: Jan, Brosterhuisen
borndied
1596 ca1650, Sep
a Dutch botanist, engraver, writer, and translator. At age 14 he was registered as a gownsman on 3 June 1610 at Leiden University, his native city. His interest was botany, but he was unable to acquire a teaching position in that field and took a position as secretary at Heusden Castle. A member of the Muiderkring, the arts and sciences coterie whose central...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Clergy

William Brough

bornactivedied
unknown1630s-16711671
an English royalist churchman, Dean of Gloucester from 1643. Brough was a supporter of William Laud and his Arminian views, was made chaplain to the king, and was installed canon of Windsor, 1 February 1639. At the beginning of the First English Civil War, he was removed from his benefice by the parliamentary commission, and lost his home and possessions. H...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Clergy

Richard Broughton

aka: Rouse
borndied
1558 ca1634, Jan 18
a Catholic priest and antiquarian. Broughton claimed descent form the Broughtons of Lancashire. He was ordained at Reims on 4 May 1593 and soon after returned to England. John Pitts, a contemporary, says that he "gathered a most abundant harvest of souls into the granary of Christ" and eulogizes his attainments in being "no less familiar with literature than...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Clergy

Thomas Broughton

borndied
1704, Jul 51774, Dec 21
an English clergyman, biographer, and miscellaneous writer, whose works include the libretto to George Frideric Handel's Hercules. He was an industrious writer in many kinds of composition. He published an Historical Dictionary of all Religions ...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Military

Thomas Duer Broughton

borndied
17781835
an English soldier and writer on India. In 1802 he was appointed military resident with the Mahrattas. He published his experiences in a book entitled Letters Written in a Mahratta Camp During the Year 1809, descriptive of the character, manners, domestic habits, and religious ceremonies of the Mahrattas (1813). During this period he also collected Hindi poe...
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Links (1)


Charles Brockden Brown

bornactivedied
1771, Jan 171793-18101810, Feb 22
an American novelist, historian, and editor of the Early National period, is generally regarded by scholars as the most important American novelist before James Fenimore Cooper. He is the most frequently studied and republished practitioner of the "early American novel," or the US novel between 1789 and roughly 1820. Although Brown was not the first American...
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Links (11)


Thomas Brown

aka: Tom
borndied
16621704, Jun 18
an English translator and writer of satire, largely forgotten today save for a four-line gibe he wrote concerning Dr John Fell. Brown was born at either Shifnal or Newport in Shropshire; he is identified with the Thomas Brown, son of William and Dorothy Brown, who was recorded christened on 1 January 1663 at Newport. His father, a farmer and tanner, died whe...
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Links (2)


Tom Brown

aka: Thomas
borndied
16621704, Jun 18
an English translator and writer of satire, largely forgotten today save for a four-line gibe he wrote concerning Dr John Fell. Brown was born at either Shifnal or Newport in Shropshire; he is identified with the Thomas Brown, son of William and Dorothy Brown, who was recorded christened on 1 January 1663 at Newport. His father, a farmer and tanner, died wh...
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Links (1)


William Hill Brown

borndied
1765, Nov1793, Sep 2
an American novelist, the author of what is usually considered the first American novel, The Power of Sympathy (1789) and Harriot, Or The Domestick Reconciliation as well as the serial essay The Reformer published in Isaiah Thomas' Massachusetts Magazine. In both, Brown proves an extensive knowledge of European literature for exam...
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Timeline (1)Links (1)


William Wells Brown

borndied
1814 ca1884, Nov 6
a prominent African-American abolitionist lecturer, novelist, playwright, and historian in the United States. Born into slavery in Montgomery County, Kentucky, near the town of Mount Sterling, Brown escaped to Ohio in 1834 at the age of 20. He settled in Boston, where he worked for abolitionist causes and became a prolific writer. His novel Clotel (1853), co...
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Timeline (2)Links (1)


Frances Browne

borndied
1816, Jan 161887, Aug 21
an Irish poet and novelist, best remembered for her collection of short stories for children: Granny's Wonderful Chair. In 1841, her first poems were published in the Irish Penny Journal and in the London Athenauem. One of those included in the Irish Penny Journal was the beautiful lyric, "Songs of Our Land" which can be found in many anthologies of Irish pa...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Clergy

Moses Browne

borndied
17041787, Sep
a pen-cutter from Clerkenwell, London, England who became a poet and eventually rose amongst the ranks of the Church of England. Browne made many contributions to the Gentleman's Magazine which was founded by Edward Cave in 1731. He won several prizes awarded by Cave. During this time, Browne would be mixing with some of the distinguished literary figures of...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in PhysiciansScientists

Thomas Browne

bornactivedied
1605, Oct 191637-16821682, Oct 19
an English polymath and author of varied works which reveal his wide learning in diverse fields including science and medicine, religion and the esoteric. His writings display a deep curiosity towards the natural world, influenced by the scientific revolution of Baconian enquiry. Browne's literary works are permeated by references to Classical and Biblical s...
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Links (14)


William Browne

borndied
1590 ca1645 ca
an English pastoral poet, born at Tavistock, Devon, and educated at Exeter College, Oxford; subsequently he entered the Inner Temple. His chief works were the long poem Britannia's Pastorals (1613), and a contribution to The Shepheard's Pipe (1614). Britannia's Pastorals was never finished: in his lifetime Books I & II were published successively in 1613 and...
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Links (1)


Elizabeth Barrett Browning

bornactivedied
1806, Mar 61838-18601861, Jun 29
one of the most prominent English poets of the Victorian era, popular in Britain and the United States during her lifetime. Elizabeth's volume Poems (1844) brought her great success, attracting the admiration of the writer Robert Browning. Their corresp...
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Timeline (3)Links (1)


Robert Browning

bornactivedied
1812, May 71833-18891889, Dec 12
an English poet and playwright whose mastery of the dramatic monologue made him one of the foremost Victorian poets. His poems are known for their irony, characterization, dark humour, social commentary, historical settings, and challenging vocabulary and syntax. Browning's early career began promisingly, but was not a success. The long poem Pauline b...
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Timeline (4)Links (1)


Cross-listed in Physicians

Noel Broxholme

borndied
1689 ca1748
an English physician. In 1754 there appeared 'A Collection of Receipts in Physic, being the Practice of the late eminent Dr. Bloxam [sic]: containing a Complete Body of Prescriptions answering to every Disease, with some in Surgery. The Second Edition.' 8vo, London.
Links (1)


Cross-listed in Explorers

James Bruce

bornactivedied
1730, Dec 141762-17901794, Apr 27
a Scottish traveller and travel writer who spent more than a dozen years in North Africa and Ethiopia, where he traced the origins of the Blue Nile. Also explored Algeria, the Middle East, and Egypt.
Links (1)


Cross-listed in ClergyScientists

Giordano Bruno

bornactivedied
1548, Jan 11572-16001600, Feb 17
an Italian Dominican friar, philosopher, mathematician, poet, and cosmological theorist. He is remembered for his cosmological theories, which conceptually extended the then novel Copernican model. He proposed that the stars were just distant suns surrounded by their own exoplanets and raised the possibility that these planets could even foster life of their...
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Timeline (3)Links (1)


Leon Levy Brunswick

aka: Léon Lévy
borndied
1805, Apr 201859, Jul 29
a French playwright. He started as a journalist before turning to theater. He is the author of many comedies with Jean-François Bayard, Émile Vanderburch, and Arthur de Beauplan such as Boccaccio, or the Prince of Palmero by Franz von Suppé. But it is with Adolphe de Leuven that he is known for his greatest successes, notably booklets of comic operas by A...
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Links (1)


William Cullen Bryant

bornactivedied
1794, Nov 31815-18741878, Jun 12
American romantic poet, journalist and long-time editor of the New York Evening Post. "Thanatopsis" is Bryant's most famous poem, which Bryant may have been working on as early as 1811. In 1817 his father took some pages of verse from his son's desk, and at the invitation of Willard Phillips, an editor of the North American Review who had previously been tut...
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Links (18)


Martin Bucer

borndied
1491, Nov 111551, Feb 28
a German Protestant reformer based in Strasbourg who influenced Lutheran, Calvinist, and Anglican doctrines and practices. Bucer was originally a member of the Dominican Order, but after meeting and being influenced by Martin Luther in 1518 he arranged for his m...
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Links (1)


Dugald Buchanan

aka: Dùghall Bochanan
borndied
17161768
a Scottish poet writing in Scots and Scottish Gaelic. He helped the Rev. James Stuart (Church of Scotland) or Stewart of Killin to translate the New Testament into Scottish Gaelic. John Reid called him "the Cowper of the Highlands".
Links (1)


Cross-listed in Educators

George Buchanan

bornactivedied
1506, Feb1529-15821582, Sep 28
a Scottish historian and humanist scholar. According to historian Keith Brown, Buchanan was "the most profound intellectual sixteenth century Scotland produced." His ideology of resistance to royal usurpation gained widespread acceptance during the Scottish Reformation. Brown says the ease with which King James VII was deposed in 1689 shows the power of Buc...
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Links (7)


Bucherius

aka: Gilles Bouchier, Boucher
borndied
15761665
a French Jesuit and chronological scholar. His real name was Gilles Bouchier (or, less likely, Boucher). Bucherius was born in Arras. His Doctrina Temporum from 1634 published for the first time some important chronological documents, in particular the Chronography of 354, and work on computation of the date of Easter (the cycle of Victorius of Aquitaine). ...
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Links (1)Notes (1)


Georg Buchner

aka: Büchner
bornactivedied
1813, Oct 171828-18371837, Feb 19
a German dramatist and writer of poetry and prose, considered part of the Young Germany movement. He was also a revolutionary, a natural scientist, and the brother of physician and philosopher Ludwig Büchner. His literary achievements, though few in number, are generally held in great esteem in Germany and it is widely believed that, had it not been for his...
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Links (11)


Cross-listed in PhysiciansInventors

Ludwig Buchner

aka: Büchner
borndied
1824, Mar 291899, Apr 30
a German philosopher, physiologist and physician who became one of the exponents of 19th-century scientific materialism. From 1842 to 1848 he studied physics, chemistry, botany, mineralogy, philosophy and medicine at the University of Giessen, where he graduated in 1848 with a dissertation entitled Beiträge zur Hall'schen Lehre von einem excitomotorische...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Performers

Henry Thomas Buckle

borndied
1821, Nov 241862, May 29
an English historian, the author of an unfinished History of Civilization, and a strong amateur chess player. He is sometimes called "the Father of Scientific History". Buckle's one year of formal education was in Gordon House School at age fourteen. When his father offered him a reward for winning a prize in mathematics, Buckle asked "to be taken awa...
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Links (1)


Honorat de Bueil

aka: seigneur de Racan
borndied
1589, Feb 51670, Jan 21
a French aristocrat, soldier, poet, dramatist and (original) member of the Académie française. Around 1619, Racan's pastoral play in verse Les Bergeries (originally entitled Arthénice) - inspired by Virgil, Tasso's Aminta, Giambattista Guarini's Il pastor fido, Honoré d'Urfé's L'Astrée, and, to a certain extent, the writings of Saint François de Sales...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Educators

Frederik Moltke Bugge

borndied
1806, Sep 231853, Jul 9
a Norwegian philologist and educator. He had ideas that bore stems of the comprehensive school thought. He was inspired by Grundtvig's idea about educating the masses, and also supported Ivar Aasen's endeavors. However, he also wanted to protect the "learned" schools, which taught classical subjects, from too much influence from natural sciences and modern l...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Clergy

George Bull

borndied
1634, Mar 251710, Feb 17
an English theologian and Bishop of St David's. After the Glorious Revolution he was placed on the commission of peace, and continued to act as a magistrate until he was made a bishop, in connection with the society for the reformation of manners. He wrote four major theological treatises in Latin, one on justification and three on the Trinity. The Latin wor...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in SculptorsArchitects

Jean Bullant

bornactivedied
15151537-15741578, Oct 13
a French architect and sculptor who built the tombs of Anne de Montmorency, Grand Connétable of France, Henri II, and Catherine de' Medici. He also worked on the Tuileries, the Louvre, and the Château d'Écouen. Bullant was a Huguenot. On his return in ...
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Links (1)


Laura Curtis Bullard

borndied
18311912
an American writer and women's rights activist. She founded a newspaper called The Ladies' Visitor, and Drawing Room Companion and published two novels with women's rights themes, the best known of which is Christine: or, Woman's Trials and Triumphs.
Links (1)


Cross-listed in Astronomers

Ismael Bullialdus

aka: Boulliau
bornactivedied
1605, Sep 281632-16671694, Nov 25
a famous astronomer and mathematician during the seventeenth century. He published several books, and was an active member of the Republic of Letters, a scholarly exchange of ideas during the 17th and 18th centuries. He is most well known for his work in astronomy, and his most famous work is his book titled Astronomia Philolaica.
Links (1)


Cross-listed in Clergy

Heinrich Bullinger

borndied
1504, Jul 181575, Sep 17
a Swiss reformer, the successor of Huldrych Zwingli as head of the Zurich church and pastor at Grossmünster. A much less controversial figure than John Calvin or Marti...
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Links (1)


Rosina Bulwer Lytton

borndied
1802, Nov 41882, Mar 12
wrote and published fourteen novels, a volume of essays and a volume of letters. Her husband was Edward Bulwer-Lytton, a novelist and politician. She spelled her married surname without the hyphen used by her husband. His writing and efforts in the political arena took a toll upon their marriage, and the couple legally separated in 1836. Her children were ta...
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Links (1)


Edward Bulwer-Lytton

aka: 1st Baron Lytton
bornactivedied
1803, May 251825-18731873, Jan 18
an English novelist, poet, playwright, and politician. He was immensely popular with the reading public and wrote a stream of bestselling novels which earned him a considerable fortune. He coined the phrases "the great unwashed", "pursuit of the almighty dollar", "the pen is mightier than the sword", "dweller on the threshold", as well as the well-known open...
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Links (12)


Anna Bunina

borndied
1774, Jan 181829, Dec 16
a Russian poet. She was the first female Russian writer to make a living solely from literary work. She used more varied themes and style, and a wider metrical range in her works than earlier female Russian poets. Her work includes original and noteworthy observations on the experiences of women, especially when she focuses on their conflicts with men. Her p...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Clergy

Edmund Bunny

borndied
15401619, Feb 26
an Anglican churchman of Calvinist views. Edmund was sent to Oxford University at the age of sixteen, and after graduating B.A. was elected probationer fellow of Magdalen College. His father meant him for the law, and sent him to Staple Inn and Gray's Inn. He decided to enter the church, and was disinherited in favour of Richard, the second son, for so doing...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Clergy

John Bunyan

bornactivedied
1628, Nov1644-16881688, Aug 31
an English writer and Baptist preacher best remembered as the author of the Christian allegory The Pilgrim's Progress. In addition to The Pilgrim's Progress, Bunyan wrote nearly sixty titles, many of them expanded sermons. After the restoration of the monarch, when the freedom of nonconformists was curtailed, Bunyan was arrested and spent the n...
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Timeline (1)Links (18)


Philippe Buonarroti

aka: Filippo
borndied
1761, Nov 111837, Sep 16
an Italian utopian socialist, writer, agitator, freemason, and conspirator; he was active in Corsica, France, and Geneva. His History of Babeuf’s ‘Conspiracy of Equals' (1828) became a bible for revolutionaries, inspiring such leftists as Blanqui and Marx. He proposed a mutualist strategy that would revolutionize society by stages, starting from m...
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Links (4)


Cross-listed in Clergy

Cornelius Burges

borndied
1589 ca1665
an English minister. He was active in religious controversy prior to and around the time of the Commonwealth of England and The Protectorate, following the English Civil War. In the years from 1640 he was a particularly influential preacher. The opposite writers speak of him with a bitterness which may be explained by his proceedings at Wells. Wood gloats ov...
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Links (1)


Javier de Burgos

borndied
1778, Oct 221848, Jan 22
a Spanish jurist, politician, journalist, and translator. In France, Burgos completed his academic training by studying the works of the Classics, and started translating the works of Horace into Castilian (a version notably analysed by Andrés Bello, who deemed Burgos "a poor translator, but an excellent commentator"). Much later (1844), Burgos published a ...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in MilitaryGovernance

John Burgoyne

bornactivedied
1722, Feb 241743-17921792, Aug 4
a British army officer, politician and dramatist. He first saw action during the Seven Years' War when he participated in several battles, most notably during the Portugal Campaign of 1762. John Burgoyne is best known for his role in the American Revolutionary War. He designed an invasion scheme and was appointed to command a force moving south from Canada t...
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Timeline (5)Links (1)


Cross-listed in Governance

Edmund Burke

borndied
1729, Jan 121797, Jul 9
a British-Irish statesman born in Dublin, as well as an author, orator, political theorist, and philosopher who, after moving to London, served as a Member of Parliament (MP) for many years in the House of Commons with the Whig Party. Burke is remembered mainly for his support of the cause of the American Revolutionaries, Catholic emancipation, the impeachme...
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Timeline (1)Links (1)


Cross-listed in Clergy

Francis Burke

borndied
unknown1697
an Irish Franciscan friar and writer. Born in Galway sometime early in the 17th century, Burke was among those expelled from the local Franciscan convent in 1652. He died in Italy in 1697. His only known work, Directorium Concionatorium, I and II, was published in Prague in 1690.
Links (1)


Cross-listed in Clergy

Gilbert Burnet

borndied
1643, Sep 181715, Mar 17
a Scottish philosopher and historian, and Bishop of Salisbury. He was fluent in Dutch, French, Latin, Greek, and Hebrew. Burnet was highly respected as a cleric, a preacher, an academic, a writer and a historian. He was always closely associated with the Whig party, and was one of the few close friends in whom King more
Links (1)


Caroline Burney

bornactivedied
unknown1800s-1810sunknown
the probably pseudonymous author of two early 19th-century three-volume novels published in London: Seraphina (1809) and Lindamira (1810). The novels appeared in London at a time when Frances Burney and to some extent her younger sister Sarah Burney enjoyed fame as novelists. Seraphina was advertised on 6 and 14 June 1809 in the Star and...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Composers

Charles Burney

borndied
1726, Apr 71814, Apr 12
an English music historian, composer and musician, and father of the writers Frances Burney and Sarah Burney. Burney wrote some music for Thomson's Alfred, which was produced at Drury Lane theatre on 30 March 1745. His Ode for St Cecilia's Day was performed at Ranelagh Gardens in 1759. In 1776 appeared the first volume (in quarto) of his long-projected Histo...
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Links (4)Notes (1)


Sarah Burney

borndied
1772, Aug 291844, Feb 8
an English novelist, the daughter of musicologist and composer Charles Burney, and half-sister of the novelist and diarist Frances Burney (Madame d'Arblay). Sarah Burney wrote seven works of fiction. It seems that Sarah Burney's father was unenthusiastic about her first work, Clarentine, a novel of manners. Her third novel, Traits of Nature, was a popular su...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Commerce

Gilbert Burns

borndied
1760, Sep 281827, Apr 8
a farmer, the younger brother of Robert Burns the poet, was born at Alloway. He married Jean Breckenridge in 1791, had 6 sons and 5 daughters, died in 1827, aged 66, and was buried at Bolton, East Lothian, Scotland. Gilbert's writings have contributed greatly to ...
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Links (1)


Robert Burns

aka: Rabbie Burns, the Bard of Ayrshire
bornactivedied
1759, Jan 251775-17901796, Jul 21
a Scottish poet and lyricist. He is widely regarded as the national poet of Scotland and is celebrated worldwide. He is the best known of the poets who have written in the Scots language, although much of his writing is also in English and a light Scots dialect, accessible to an audience beyond Scotland. He also wrote in standard English, and in these writin...
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Timeline (3)Links (27)


John Burnyeat

aka: Burneyeat
borndied
1631 ca1690
a British Quaker. His collected works were published in 1691 under the title of The Truth exalted in the Writings of that Eminent and Faithful Servant of Christ, John Burneyeat, &c., with Prefaces to the Reader and several testimonies from various Friends in England, Ireland, and America. No biographical book of Burneyeat has ever been published, and the sca...
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Links (1)


Robert Burrant

bornactivedied
unknown1540s-1550sunknown
an English translator. He authored works such as an edition of Sir David Lindsays Tragical Death of Dauid Beatõ[n], Bishoppe of sainct Andrewes in Scotland, printed by J. Day and W. Serres. This extremely rare volume is in the Grenville Library in the British Museum. It contains a long preface from Roberte Burrante to the Reader, in which, after twenty page...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Clergy

Robert Burscough

borndied
16511709, Jul
an English divine. The son of Thomas Burscough, he was born at Cartmel, Lancashire, in 1651. He entered Queen's College, Oxford, as servitor in 1668, and took his B.A. in 1672 and M.A. in 1682. In 1681 he was presented by Charles II of England to the vicarage of Totnes, Devonshire, in succession to John Prince, author of the Worthies of Devon. He was prebend...
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Links (1)


William Burt

borndied
1778, Aug 231826, Sep 1
an English miscellaneous writer, son of Joseph Burt of Plymouth. He was educated at Exeter grammar school, and afterwards articled to a banker and solicitor at Bridgwater. Finally he practised at Plymouth as a solicitor until his death. He edited the Plymouth and Dock Telegraph for several years.
Links (1)Notes (1)


Cross-listed in Clergy

John Burton [1]

borndied
16961771
an English clergyman and academic, a theological and classical scholar. Throughout his life Burton poured forth tracts and sermons. He contributed to the Weekly Miscellany a series of papers on 'The Genuineness of Lord Clarendon's History of the Rebellion—Mr. Oldmixon's Slander confuted,' which was subsequently enlarged and printed separately at Oxford in ...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Physicians

John Burton [2]

borndied
17101771
an English physician and antiquary. In 1745 Burton was arrested and committed to York Castle on 30 November on a charge of treason. After three months' imprisonment he was summoned to London to be examined before the privy council, who finally released him on bail after examination in March 1747. In 1749 he published two pamphlets to justify his conduct and ...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in ExplorersMilitaryCartographers

Richard Burton

aka: Richard Francis
bornactivedied
1821, Mar 191842-18901890, Oct 20
a British explorer, geographer, translator, writer, soldier, orientalist, cartographer, ethnologist, spy, linguist, poet, fencer, and diplomat. He was known for his travels and explorations within Asia, Africa and the Americas, as well as his extraordinary knowledge of languages and cultures. According to one count, he spoke 29 European, Asian and African la...
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Timeline (1)Links (15)


Robert Burton

borndied
1577, Feb 81640, Jan 25
an English scholar at Oxford University, best known for the classic The Anatomy of Melancholy. He was also the incumbent of St Thomas the Martyr, Oxford, and of Seagrave in Leicestershire. Melancholy was responsible, according to Burton and others, for the wild passions and despairs of lovers, the agonies and ecstasies of religious devotees, the frenz...
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Links (1)


William Burton [1]

borndied
1575, Aug 241645, Apr 6
an English antiquarian, best known as the author of the Description of Leicester Shire (1622). He wrote in 1596 an unpublished Latin comedy, De Amoribus Perinthii et Tyanthes. In 1597 he published with Thomas Creede a translation of Cleitophon and Leucippe from the Greek of Achilles Tatius, with a dedication to the Earl of Southampton. Burton knew Spanish an...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Educators

William Burton [2]

borndied
16091657
an English schoolmaster and antiquary, best known for his posthumously-published commentary on the Antonine Itinerary. He became a student in Queen's College, Oxford, in 1625; but as he had not sufficient means, Thomas Allen, perceiving his merit, induced him to migrate to Gloucester Hall, and conferred on him a Greek lectureship there. He was a Pauline exhi...
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Links (1)Notes (1)


Lady Charlotte Bury

borndied
1775, Jan 281861, Mar 31/Apr 1
an English novelist, who is chiefly remembered in connection with a Diary illustrative of the Times of George IV (1838). When aged twenty-two she produced a volume of poems, to which, however, she did not affix her name. After her marriage with Bury she was the author of various contributions to light literature; some of her novels were very popular, althou...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Clergy

Edward Bury

borndied
16161700
an English ejected minister. Bury was a man of learning, educated at Coventry Grammar School and at Oxford, and that before obtaining the rectory of Great Bolas be had been chaplain in a gentleman's family and assistant to an aged minister. He received presbyterian ordination. The date at which he began his ministry at Great Bolas was before 1654.
Links (1)Notes (1)


Elizabeth Bury

borndied
1644, Mar1720, May 8
an English diarist. About 1664 Elizabeth described herself as "converted", and became introspective. Her studies were Hebrew, French, music, heraldry, mathematics, philosophy, philology, anatomy, medicine, and divinity. Elizabeth in 1664 began writing down her "experiences" in her Diary, initially in shorthand.'
Links (1)


Hermann von dem Busche

aka: Hermannus Buschius, Pasiphilus
borndied
14681534
a German humanist writer, known for his Vallum humanitatis (1518). He was a pupil of Rudolph von Langen. Vallum humanitatis, sive Humaniorum litterarum contra obrectatores vindiciae (1518) was in effect a manifesto for the humanist movement of the time. In addition to Vallum Humanitatis, a defense of humanistic studies, he wrote three books of epigrams, and ...
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Cross-listed in Clergy

Charles Butler

borndied
15601647
sometimes called the Father of English Beekeeping, was a logician, grammarist, author, minister (Vicar of Wootton St Lawrence, near Basingstoke, England), and an influential beekeeper. He was also an early proponent of English spelling reform. He observed that bees produce wax combs from scales of wax produced in their own bodies; and he was among the first ...
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Cross-listed in Clergy

Joseph Butler

borndied
1692, May 181752, Jun 16
an English bishop, theologian, apologist, and philosopher. He was born in Wantage in the English county of Berkshire (now Oxfordshire). He is known, among other things, for his critique of Thomas Hobbes's egoism and more
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Samuel Butler

borndied
1613, Feb1680, Sep 25
a poet and satirist. He is remembered now chiefly for a long satirical poem entitled Hudibras. Most of his other writings never saw print until they were collected and published by Robert Thyer in 1759. Butler wrote many short biographies, epigrams and verses the earliest surviving from 1644.
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Cross-listed in Legal

William Allen Butler

bornactivedied
1825, Feb 201843-18571902, Sep 9
an American lawyer and writer of poetical satires. He contributed travel writing and comic writing to The Literary World, a series on 'The Cities of Art and the Early Artists' to the Art Union Bulletin and also wrote for the Democratic Review. His most famous satirical poem, Nothing to Wear, was first published anonymously in H...
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Johannes Buxtorf

bornactivedied
1564, Dec 251589-16291629, Sep 13
a celebrated Hebraist, member of a family of Orientalists; professor of Hebrew for thirty-nine years at Basel and was known by the title, "Master of the Rabbis". His massive tome, De Synagoga Judaica (1st. ed. 1603), scrupulously documents the customs and society of German Jewry in the early modern period.
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Cross-listed in Military

Juan Guillen Buzaran

aka: Juan Guillén Buzarán
borndied
1819, Sep 291892, Jan 8
a Spanish military officer, writer and literary collaborator in the press of the time. Author of Historia anecdótica de la corte de Felipe III, Fray Pablo de Salamanca, and La torre de los espíritus. He moved to Madrid in 1833, where he studied at San Fulgencio de Murcia, joining the Spanish army from 1839 until 1859.
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Cross-listed in Clergy

Nicholas Byfield

borndied
15791622
an English clergyman, a leading preacher of the reign of James I. Byfield's works were numerous, and most of them went through many editions, some as late as 1665. His expository works are Calvinistic.
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William Byrd I

borndied
1674, Mar 281744, Aug 26
a planter, slave owner and author from Charles City County in colonial Virginia. He is considered the founder of Richmond, Virginia. William Byrd II was a Fellow of the Royal Society (from 1696, at age 22). He was the author of the Westover Manuscripts and most prominently, The Secret Diaries of William Byrd of Westover. His writings have been published in l...
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Julia Clara Byrne

borndied
1819,Jul1894
a British author of memoirs about celebrities of her time, as well as more serious social commentary. She married William Pitt Byrne in 1842, who was owner of The Morning Post and son of Charlotte Dacre. She is best known for the work Flemish Interiors, and her subsequent works were often published under the name of "The Author of Flemish Interiors" ...
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George Gordon Byron

aka: Lord Byron
bornactivedied
1788, Jan 221805-18241824, Apr 19
an English poet and a leading figure in the Romantic movement. Among Byron's best-known works are the lengthy narrative poems Don Juan and Childe Harold's Pilgrimage, and the short lyric She Walks in Beauty.
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