an Italian Jesuit missionary born in Chieti, part of the Kingdom of Naples, who helped supervise the introduction of Catholicism to the Far East, and especially to Japan. Valignano joined the Society of Jesus in 1566, and was sent to East Asia in 1573. The nomination of a Neapolitan to supervise Portugal-dominated Asia was at the time quite controversial, an...

an Italian Jesuit missionary born in Chieti, part of the Kingdom of Naples, who helped supervise the introduction of Catholicism to the Far East, and especially to Japan. Valignano joined the Society of Jesus in 1566, and was sent to East Asia in 1573. The nomination of a Neapolitan to supervise Portugal-dominated Asia was at the time quite controversial, and his nationality, as well as his adaptationist and expansionist policies, led to many conflicts with mission personnel.

an Italian composer, music theorist, and organist. He was ordained as a priest in 1720. Vallotti spent a great deal of thought on the theory of harmony and counterpoint. His theoretical endeavours would culminate in 1779 with the publishing of his 167-page, four volume work, Della scienza teorica e pratica della moderna musica (On the scientific theory and p...

an Italian composer, music theorist, and organist. He was ordained as a priest in 1720. Vallotti spent a great deal of thought on the theory of harmony and counterpoint. His theoretical endeavours would culminate in 1779 with the publishing of his 167-page, four volume work, Della scienza teorica e pratica della moderna musica (On the scientific theory and practice of modern music), just before the end of his life. One of his most frequently cited contributions to theory was his development of a system of Well temperament, known today as Vallotti temperament, which was one of many systems of instrumental tuning for the accommodation of composition in every key.

the second bishop of Roermond from 1596 to 1609. Hendrik van Cuyck studied in Utrecht and Leuven . In 1572 he became professor of ethics at the University of Leuven and in 1581 rector magnificus there. From 1589 to 1596 , he took the seat of Archbishop of Mechelen as a deputy general. After everybody refused to become bishop of Roermond, Cuyckius took this d...

the second bishop of Roermond from 1596 to 1609. Hendrik van Cuyck studied in Utrecht and Leuven . In 1572 he became professor of ethics at the University of Leuven and in 1581 rector magnificus there. From 1589 to 1596 , he took the seat of Archbishop of Mechelen as a deputy general. After everybody refused to become bishop of Roermond, Cuyckius took this difficult task in 1596.

prince-bishop of Münster from 1574 to 1584, and from 1592 until his death, Duke of Gulik-Berg-Kleef. He belonged to the van der Mark house. In his youth he had a sickly and weak constitution. He was also mentally handicapped. In depressed moods he injured his servants and refused to eat or go to bed at normal times. This caused his doctors, counselors and f...

prince-bishop of Münster from 1574 to 1584, and from 1592 until his death, Duke of Gulik-Berg-Kleef. He belonged to the van der Mark house. In his youth he had a sickly and weak constitution. He was also mentally handicapped. In depressed moods he injured his servants and refused to eat or go to bed at normal times. This caused his doctors, counselors and family members to fear that Johan Willem would not be able to have children and would therefore create a dynastic crisis. He was also an avid and fanatical Catholic who could not be entrusted with delicate political affairs.

a Dominican friar who served as the Bishop of Haarlem and the last direct Abbot of Egmond Abbey from 1570 to 1578. Van Mierlo was named the Bishop of Haarlem and the Abbot of Egmond Abbey in March 1570 by Pope Pius V. He was welcomed to that city in early 1571, where he was consecrated a bishop on February 11 of that year in the original Cathedral of St. Bav...

a Dominican friar who served as the Bishop of Haarlem and the last direct Abbot of Egmond Abbey from 1570 to 1578. Van Mierlo was named the Bishop of Haarlem and the Abbot of Egmond Abbey in March 1570 by Pope Pius V. He was welcomed to that city in early 1571, where he was consecrated a bishop on February 11 of that year in the original Cathedral of St. Bavo by Franciscus van der Velde, the Bishop of Antwerp. The following year, however, on December 4, 1572, the cathedral suffered the iconoclastic destruction of the Beeldenstorm and temporarily became the scene of Calvinist services, which lasted until the end of the Siege of Haarlem.

the last palatine Bishop of Durham (1826–1836), and one of the founders of the University of Durham. His name survives in Van Mildert College, founded in 1965 and the Van Mildert Professor of Divinity. As part of the University of Durham's foundation, behind which he was the driving force, he gave Durham Castle to the University, where it became the home o...

the last palatine Bishop of Durham (1826–1836), and one of the founders of the University of Durham. His name survives in Van Mildert College, founded in 1965 and the Van Mildert Professor of Divinity. As part of the University of Durham's foundation, behind which he was the driving force, he gave Durham Castle to the University, where it became the home of University College. Auckland Castle therefore became the sole residence of the Bishop of Durham. In addition, he donated a large number of buildings on Palace Green, between the Castle and the Cathedral.

bishop of Haarlem and abbot of Egmond Abbey from 1562 to 1569. Van Nieuwland became bishop when he was still young. He became titular bishop of Hebron in 1541. He was also assistant bishop of Utrecht. In 1559 a new diocese was introduced, the diocese Haarlem, and Nicolaas van Nieuwland became bishop of this new diocese on November 6, 1561. He entered the ci...

bishop of Haarlem and abbot of Egmond Abbey from 1562 to 1569. Van Nieuwland became bishop when he was still young. He became titular bishop of Hebron in 1541. He was also assistant bishop of Utrecht. In 1559 a new diocese was introduced, the diocese Haarlem, and Nicolaas van Nieuwland became bishop of this new diocese on November 6, 1561. He entered the city on February 1, 1562 with a formal procession. Van Nieuwland also became abbot of Egmond Abbey at the same time.

Archbishop of Utrecht (1814–1825)*Old Catholicism: Church of Utrecht......Willibrord van Os (* 2 February 1744 in Hilversum ; † 28 February 1825 in Amersfoort ) was the seventh Old Catholic Archbishop of Utrecht .nnLife and work [ Edit ]nAs one of three children of Henricus Gijsbertus van Os and his wife Catharina born, van Os received on 25 January 1768...

Archbishop of Utrecht (1814–1825)*Old Catholicism: Church of Utrecht......Willibrord van Os (* 2 February 1744 in Hilversum ; † 28 February 1825 in Amersfoort ) was the seventh Old Catholic Archbishop of Utrecht .nnLife and work [ Edit ]nAs one of three children of Henricus Gijsbertus van Os and his wife Catharina born, van Os received on 25 January 1768 ordination . He worked in The Hague , Rotterdam and Amersfoort before 1808 vicar general of the Archdiocese of Utrecht was.nnAfter the assassination of Archbishop Johannes Jacobus van Rhijn on 24 June 1808 became the Utrecht Metropolitan Chapter met to determine a successor. Louis Bonaparte , the then King of Holland , however, let this election ban, and as the seat of Utrecht remained vacant, until 1813, the Kingdom of the Netherlands was rebuilt.nnOn February 10, 1814 elected the chapter van Os for Archbishop , and on Easter Sunday, 24 April 1814 gave him the bishop of Deventer , Gisbert de Jong , the last surviving bishop of Utrecht Church the episcopal ordination . Van Os, who stood with his choice already in the seventieth year, presented in 1819, the number of three bishops by the consecration of John Bon to Bishop of Haarlem restores.nnThe renewed attempt at a compromise with Rome in November 1823 failed again because the Curia on a recognition of Bulle Unigenitus and the form of Alexander VII. was. A self-worded statement the three bishops who enumerated all convicted of Rome points and rejected, was rejected by the papal nuncio Nazalli inadequate.

a Jesuit priest, was a French writer on heraldry from the 17th century. He is best known for his large folio book Le roy d'armes ou L'art de bien former, charger, briser, timbrer, parer, expliquer, et blasonner les armoiries: Le tout enrichy de discours d'antiquitez, d'histoires, d'eloges, & d'vne grande quantité de blasons des armes de la pluspart des i...

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a Jesuit priest, was a French writer on heraldry from the 17th century. He is best known for his large folio book Le roy d'armes ou L'art de bien former, charger, briser, timbrer, parer, expliquer, et blasonner les armoiries: Le tout enrichy de discours d'antiquitez, d'histoires, d'eloges, & d'vne grande quantité de blasons des armes de la pluspart des illustres maisons de l'Europe, & specialement de beaucoup de personnes de condition qui sont en France. The 1st edition was printed in 1635.

the first Bishop of the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church. The important events in Varick's life were associated with his religious avocation. Varick joined the John Street Methodist Church in New York City at an early date, possibly in 1766, the year after the church held its first meeting. Varick seems to have been licensed to preach by this group al...

the first Bishop of the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church. The important events in Varick's life were associated with his religious avocation. Varick joined the John Street Methodist Church in New York City at an early date, possibly in 1766, the year after the church held its first meeting. Varick seems to have been licensed to preach by this group although he does not appear among the licensed preachers of the early Zion church listed by Christopher Rush, the second supervisor or bishop, in his 1844 history of the denomination.

a French Catholic priest who introduced Jansenism into France. In 1617 Vergier left Bayonne at the invitation of Henri-Louis Chasteigner de La Roche-Posay, the Bishop of Poitiers, where he soon became a leading figure of the diocese. In 1620 he became the commendatory abbot of the Abbey of Saint-Cyran and was thus generally known as the Abbé de Saint-Cyran ...

a French Catholic priest who introduced Jansenism into France. In 1617 Vergier left Bayonne at the invitation of Henri-Louis Chasteigner de La Roche-Posay, the Bishop of Poitiers, where he soon became a leading figure of the diocese. In 1620 he became the commendatory abbot of the Abbey of Saint-Cyran and was thus generally known as the Abbé de Saint-Cyran for the rest of his life.

a Spanish Dominican friar during the Spanish conquest of Chiapas and the conquest of Guatemala in the 16th century. In 1544, Francisco Marroquín, bishop of Guatemala, charged Domingo de Vico with producing a treatise upon Indian idolatry. The work contained instructions to Dominicans upon how to use indigenous beliefs in their sermons in Chiapas and Guatema...

a Spanish Dominican friar during the Spanish conquest of Chiapas and the conquest of Guatemala in the 16th century. In 1544, Francisco Marroquín, bishop of Guatemala, charged Domingo de Vico with producing a treatise upon Indian idolatry. The work contained instructions to Dominicans upon how to use indigenous beliefs in their sermons in Chiapas and Guatemala. It was entitled Tratado de ídolos ("Treatment of Idols").

Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (and Supreme Governor of the Church of England) from 20 June 1837 until her death. Her reign of 63 years and seven months is known as the Victorian era. It was a period of industrial, cultural, political, scientific, and military change within the United Kingdom, and was marked by a great expansion of ...

Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (and Supreme Governor of the Church of England) from 20 June 1837 until her death. Her reign of 63 years and seven months is known as the Victorian era. It was a period of industrial, cultural, political, scientific, and military change within the United Kingdom, and was marked by a great expansion of the British Empire.

a Spanish priest and composer of the Renaissance. The bulk of Vivanco's surviving work was published in three books in Salamanca between 1607 and 1610 by the printer Artus Taberniel of Amberes, who by then was the official printer of the University of Salamanca. The books contain a selection probably chosen by the composer himself of his best pieces, spannin...

a Spanish priest and composer of the Renaissance. The bulk of Vivanco's surviving work was published in three books in Salamanca between 1607 and 1610 by the printer Artus Taberniel of Amberes, who by then was the official printer of the University of Salamanca. The books contain a selection probably chosen by the composer himself of his best pieces, spanning over 40 years of work.

Prince-bishop of Münster. He was born into a noble Westphalian family. Reduced to poverty through the loss of his paternal inheritance, he took holy orders; but this did not prevent him from fighting on the side of Emperor Ferdinand III during the concluding stages of the Thirty Years' War. In 1650, he succeeded Ferdinand of Bavaria, Archbishop of Cologne,...

Prince-bishop of Münster. He was born into a noble Westphalian family. Reduced to poverty through the loss of his paternal inheritance, he took holy orders; but this did not prevent him from fighting on the side of Emperor Ferdinand III during the concluding stages of the Thirty Years' War. In 1650, he succeeded Ferdinand of Bavaria, Archbishop of Cologne, as Bishop of Münster. After restoring a degree of peace and prosperity in his principality, Galen had to contend with a formidable insurrection on the part of the citizens of Münster; but in 1661 this was solved by occupying the city. The bishop, who maintained a strong army, became an important personage in Europe.

the Church of Sweden Archbishop of Uppsala from 1819 to 1836. Before that he served as Bishop of Linköping from 1809 to 1819. His family tree included scientists such as Sven Magnus Aurivillius and Per Olof Christopher Aurivillius. The "von Rosenstein" name came through an adoption - it was his mother's family name. His grandfather was Uppsala University pr...

the Church of Sweden Archbishop of Uppsala from 1819 to 1836. Before that he served as Bishop of Linköping from 1809 to 1819. His family tree included scientists such as Sven Magnus Aurivillius and Per Olof Christopher Aurivillius. The "von Rosenstein" name came through an adoption - it was his mother's family name. His grandfather was Uppsala University professor of medicine Nils Rosén von Rosenstein. In addition to being archbishop he was also a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences from 1809 and of the Swedish Academy from 1819. He belonged to the Swedish nobility.