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Cross-listed in Artists

John Goffe Rand

borndied
18011873
lived and worked in Boston, London, and New York as a portrait painter and inventor. Rand invented and patented the first collapsible artist's paint tube. The tin tube allowed unused oil paint to be stored and used later without drying out. In 1841, Rand patented the invention with the United States Patent Office. He went on to patent several later improvem...
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Cross-listed in Scientists

Carl Reichenbach

aka: Karl von Reichenbach
borndied
1788, Feb 121869, Jan
a notable chemist, geologist, metallurgist, naturalist, industrialist and philosopher, and a member of the prestigious Prussian Academy of Sciences. He is best known for his discoveries of several chemical products of economic importance, extracted from tar, such as eupione, waxy paraffin, pittacal (the first synthetic dye) and phenol (an antiseptic). He als...
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Josef Ressel

borndied
1793, Jun 291857, Oct 9
a Czech Austrian forester and inventor who designed one of the first working ship's propellers. He worked in Landstrass (Kostanjevica on the Krka river in Carniola in modern-day Slovenia), where he tested his ship propellers for the first time. In 1821 he was transferred to Trieste (modern-day Italy), the biggest port of the Austrian Empire, where his tests ...
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Niklaus Riggenbach

borndied
1817, May 211899, Jul 25
the inventor of the Riggenbach rack system and the counter-pressure brake. He was also an engineer and locomotive builder. In June 1840 he moved to Karlsruhe, Germany, and found employment in the machine works of Emil Kessler. Here he soon rose to managing director and was involved in the construction of no less than 150 locomotives. One of these steam engin...
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Cross-listed in Astronomers

David Rittenhouse

bornactivedied
1732, Apr 81750s-1780s1796, Jun 26
a renowned American astronomer, inventor, clockmaker, mathematician, surveyor, scientific instrument craftsman and public official. Rittenhouse was a member of the American Philosophical Society and the first director of the United States Mint. In 1770 Rittenhouse completed an advanced orrery.
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Anne-Jean Robert

borndied
17581820
He and his brother Nicolas-Louis Robert (1760–1820) were the engineers who built the world's first hydrogen balloon for professor Jacques Charles; which flew from central Paris on August 27, 1783. They went on to build the world's first manned hydrogen balloon, and on 1 December 1783 Nicolas-Louis accompanied Jacques Charles on a 2-hour, 5-minute flight. T...
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Cross-listed in Military

Louis-Nicolas Robert

borndied
1761, Dec 21828, Aug 8
a French soldier and mechanical engineer, who is credited with a paper-making invention that became the blueprint of the Fourdrinier machine. In 1799, Robert patented the first machine to produce 'continuous paper'. After a series of legal and financial quarrels with Saint-Léger Didot, Robert lost control of his patent. The machine was then shipped out of p...
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Nicolas-Louis Robert

borndied
17601820
He and his brother Anne-Jean Robert (1758–1820) were the engineers who built the world's first hydrogen balloon for professor Jacques Charles; which flew from central Paris on August 27, 1783. They went on to build the world's first manned hydrogen balloon, and on 1 December 1783 Nicolas-Louis accompanied Jacques Charles on a 2-hour, 5-minute flight. Their...
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Cross-listed in Scientists

Gilles de Roberval

aka: Gilles Personne, Gilles Personier
borndied
1602, Aug 101675, Oct 27
a French mathematician, was born at Roberval near Beauvais, France. He worked on the quadrature of surfaces and the cubature of solids, which he accomplished, in some of the simpler cases, by an original method which he called the "Method of Indivisibles"; but he lost much of the credit of the discovery as he kept his method for his own use, while Bonaventur...
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John Roebuck

borndied
17181794, Jul 17
an English inventor and industrialist who played an important role in the Industrial Revolution and who is known for developing the industrial-scale manufacture of sulphuric acid. Roebuck started medical practice at Birmingham, but devoted much of his time to chemistry, especially its practical applications. Among the most important of his early achievements...
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Cross-listed in Astronomers

Ole Christensen Romer

aka: Rømer, Roemer, Römer
bornactivedied
1644, Sep 251662-17101710, Sep 19
a Danish astronomer who in 1676 made the first quantitative measurements of the speed of light. In Rømer's position as royal mathematician, he introduced the first national system for weights and measures in Denmark on 1 May 1683. In 1700, Rømer persuaded the king to introduce the Gregorian calendar in Denmark-Norway — something more
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Cross-listed in Commerce

John Rose Sr.

bornactivedied
unknown1580s-1620sunknown
John Rose was the name of a father-and-son pair of luthiers residing in the Bridewell area of London during the latter half of the 16th and early 17th centuries. The Roses specialized in the crafting of violas da gamba, but the elder Rose was also acclaimed to be the inventor of the orpharion and bandora. "Of viols and basses," wrote Michael Praetorius in hi...
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