an Italian Renaissance architect who specialized in the design of fortifications. As a military engineer he was as skilful as Giuliano, and carried out important works of walling and building fortresses at Arezzo, Montefiascone, Florence and Rome. His finest existing work as an architect is the church of San Biagio at Montepulciano, in plan a Greek cross wit...

an Italian Renaissance architect who specialized in the design of fortifications. As a military engineer he was as skilful as Giuliano, and carried out important works of walling and building fortresses at Arezzo, Montefiascone, Florence and Rome. His finest existing work as an architect is the church of San Biagio at Montepulciano, in plan a Greek cross with central dome.

an Italian architect active during the Renaissance. He lived and worked in Rome during the greater part of his life, and was much employed by several of the popes. He designed the brick and travertine church of Santa Maria di Loreto. The lower order is square in plan, the next octagonal; and the whole is surmounted by a fine dome and lofty lantern. The lante...

an Italian architect active during the Renaissance. He lived and worked in Rome during the greater part of his life, and was much employed by several of the popes. He designed the brick and travertine church of Santa Maria di Loreto. The lower order is square in plan, the next octagonal; and the whole is surmounted by a fine dome and lofty lantern. The lantern is, however, a later addition.

an Italian architect and engineer of the late Baroque period in Northern Italy. He was born in Moncalvo. He helped design the church of Santa Caterina, Casale Monferrato. One of his most influential designs would turn out to be his spa design for what is now known as the Antiche Terme of Acqui Terme in the Piedmont. In 1679, a landslide damaged the medieval ...

an Italian architect and engineer of the late Baroque period in Northern Italy. He was born in Moncalvo. He helped design the church of Santa Caterina, Casale Monferrato. One of his most influential designs would turn out to be his spa design for what is now known as the Antiche Terme of Acqui Terme in the Piedmont. In 1679, a landslide damaged the medieval bath facilities in the town. The ill-fated Duke Carlo Ferdinando of Mantua commissioned Scapitta and the Regia Fabbrica to build new public baths for the thermal waters.

a German architect, art critic, and professor of architecture, who designed and built the Semper Opera House in Dresden between 1838 and 1841. In 1849 he took part in the May Uprising in Dresden and was put on the government's wanted list. Semper fled first to Zürich and later to London. Later he returned to Germany after the 1862 amnesty granted to the rev...

a German architect, art critic, and professor of architecture, who designed and built the Semper Opera House in Dresden between 1838 and 1841. In 1849 he took part in the May Uprising in Dresden and was put on the government's wanted list. Semper fled first to Zürich and later to London. Later he returned to Germany after the 1862 amnesty granted to the revolutionaries.

an English architect, architectural historian, railway engineer, and sanitary reformer. Born in Knutsford, Cheshire, and following his graduation from Cambridge University he was awarded a travelling scholarship, enabling him to study architecture in Germany and southern France. Sharpe's main focus was on churches, and he was a pioneer in the use of terracot...

an English architect, architectural historian, railway engineer, and sanitary reformer. Born in Knutsford, Cheshire, and following his graduation from Cambridge University he was awarded a travelling scholarship, enabling him to study architecture in Germany and southern France. Sharpe's main focus was on churches, and he was a pioneer in the use of terracotta as a structural material in church building, designing what were known as "pot" churches, the first of which was St Stephen and All Martyrs' Church, Lever Bridge.

the chief Ottoman architect (Turkish: mimar) and civil engineer for sultans Suleiman the Magnificent, Selim II, and Murad III. He was responsible for the construction of more than 300 major structures and other more modest projects, such as his Islamic primary schools (sibyan mektebs). His apprentices would later design the Sultan Ahmed Mosque in Istanbul, S...

the chief Ottoman architect (Turkish: mimar) and civil engineer for sultans Suleiman the Magnificent, Selim II, and Murad III. He was responsible for the construction of more than 300 major structures and other more modest projects, such as his Islamic primary schools (sibyan mektebs). His apprentices would later design the Sultan Ahmed Mosque in Istanbul, Stari Most in Mostar, and help design the Taj Mahal in the Mughal Empire.

a Scottish architect, who pioneered the Palladian style in Scotland. He was described by Colen Campbell, in his Vitruvius Britannicus (1715–1725), as "the most experienced architect of that kingdom." In 1683 he was appointed, at the recommendation of the Duke of Queensberry, to the post of Surveyor and Overseer of the Royal Works, a post previously held by...

a Scottish architect, who pioneered the Palladian style in Scotland. He was described by Colen Campbell, in his Vitruvius Britannicus (1715–1725), as "the most experienced architect of that kingdom." In 1683 he was appointed, at the recommendation of the Duke of Queensberry, to the post of Surveyor and Overseer of the Royal Works, a post previously held by Bruce, with a salary of £100 a year. He was responsible for maintenance of Holyrood Palace, and refurbished the former Holyrood Abbey as a chapel royal for King James VII. From 1685–86 he sat in the Parliament of Scotland as member for Forres.

an English sculptor and architect. In 1619 he was appointed master-mason to James I, and in 1626 to Charles I. During his career he was the mason responsible for not only the building of Inigo Jones' Banqueting House, Whitehall, but the execution of avant-garde funerary monuments for some of the most prominent of his era. As an architect he worked in the Bar...

an English sculptor and architect. In 1619 he was appointed master-mason to James I, and in 1626 to Charles I. During his career he was the mason responsible for not only the building of Inigo Jones' Banqueting House, Whitehall, but the execution of avant-garde funerary monuments for some of the most prominent of his era. As an architect he worked in the Baroque style providing England with some of its earliest examples of the style that was not to find favour in the country for another sixty years, and then only fleetingly.

a noted architect in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and Nashville, Tennessee. A student of Benjamin Latrobe and mentor to Thomas U. Walter, Strickland was one o...

a noted architect in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and Nashville, Tennessee. A student of Benjamin Latrobe and mentor to Thomas U. Walter, Strickland was one of the founders of the Greek Revival movement in the United States and an early proponent of railroads.