an Italian painter of the late-Renaissance and Mannerist period, active mainly in his native Genoa and in Spain. He was the pupil of the painter Luca Cambiasi. Tavarone accompanied Cambiaso to Spain in 1583, and helped decorate the Escorial for the Spanish King, including the chaotic battle painting of Battle of La Higueruela. He returned to Genoa in 1594, w...

an Italian painter of the late-Renaissance and Mannerist period, active mainly in his native Genoa and in Spain. He was the pupil of the painter Luca Cambiasi. Tavarone accompanied Cambiaso to Spain in 1583, and helped decorate the Escorial for the Spanish King, including the chaotic battle painting of Battle of La Higueruela. He returned to Genoa in 1594, where he became well known both as portrait and history painter.

a Japanese artist and also the co-founder of the Rimpa school of Japanese painting. Sotatsu began to work as a fan-painter in Kyoto. Later, he rose to work for the court as a producer of fine decorated papers for calligraphy. He was highly influenced by Kyoto’s courtly culture. Sotatsu met the great designer and calligrapher Hon'ami Koetsu, and painted un...

a Japanese artist and also the co-founder of the Rimpa school of Japanese painting. Sotatsu began to work as a fan-painter in Kyoto. Later, he rose to work for the court as a producer of fine decorated papers for calligraphy. He was highly influenced by Kyoto’s courtly culture. Sotatsu met the great designer and calligrapher Hon'ami Koetsu, and painted under-designs in gold and silver for his writing.

a Flemish Renaissance miniaturist who served as a painter to the English court of Edward VI, Mary I and Elizabeth I. Her documented works include paintings presented as gifts to the sovereign at the New Year including an image of the Trinity for more

a Flemish Renaissance miniaturist who served as a painter to the English court of Edward VI, Mary I and Elizabeth I. Her documented works include paintings presented as gifts to the sovereign at the New Year including an image of the Trinity for Mary I in 1553. However, Teerlinc is best known for her pivotal position in the rise of the portrait miniature. There is documentation that she created numerous portraits of Elizabeth I, both individual portraits and portraits of the sovereign with important court figures.

a Flemish painter, born at Antwerp. Though his ambition led him at times to try his skill in large religious, historical and mythological compositions, his claim to fame depends chiefly on his landscapes and paintings of peasants carousing, of kermesse scenes and the like, which are marked by a healthy sense of humour, and which are not infrequently confused...

a Flemish painter, born at Antwerp. Though his ambition led him at times to try his skill in large religious, historical and mythological compositions, his claim to fame depends chiefly on his landscapes and paintings of peasants carousing, of kermesse scenes and the like, which are marked by a healthy sense of humour, and which are not infrequently confused with the early works of his son David.

a Dutch Golden Age painter. According to Arnold Houbraken, who referred to him as Gerard Terburg's father, he was a good painter who had spent many years in Rome and who was the first teacher of his more famous son. According to the RKD, he was the pupil of <...

a Dutch Golden Age painter. According to Arnold Houbraken, who referred to him as Gerard Terburg's father, he was a good painter who had spent many years in Rome and who was the first teacher of his more famous son. According to the RKD, he was the pupil of Pieter de Molijn and became the father of the painters Gerard II, Gesina, Harmen and Moses. He was in Italy during the years 1604–1611.

a Dutch genre painter who lived in the Dutch Golden Age. He received an excellent education from his father Gerard ter Borch the Elder, also an artist, and developed his talent very early. Ter Borch is a significant painter of genre subjects. He is known for his rendering of texture in draperies, for example in The Letter and in The Gallant Conversation, eng...

a Dutch genre painter who lived in the Dutch Golden Age. He received an excellent education from his father Gerard ter Borch the Elder, also an artist, and developed his talent very early. Ter Borch is a significant painter of genre subjects. He is known for his rendering of texture in draperies, for example in The Letter and in The Gallant Conversation, engraved by Johann Georg Wille. Ter Borch's works are comparatively rare; about eighty have been catalogued.

a painter at the start of Dutch Golden Age painting and a leading member of the Dutch followers of Caravaggio – the so-called Utrecht Caravaggisti. Along with Gerrit van Hondhorst and Dirck van Baburen, Ter Brugghen was one of the most important Dutch painters to ...

a painter at the start of Dutch Golden Age painting and a leading member of the Dutch followers of Caravaggio – the so-called Utrecht Caravaggisti. Along with Gerrit van Hondhorst and Dirck van Baburen, Ter Brugghen was one of the most important Dutch painters to have been influenced by Caravaggio. His paintings were characteristic for their bold tenebroso technique–the contrast produced by clear, bright surfaces alongside sombre, dark sections–but also for the social realism of the subjects, sometimes charming, sometimes shocking or downright vulgar.

a 17th-century painter from the northern Netherlands specialized in portraits, architectural, and historical themes. In Rome he became a member of the painters' circle known as the Bentvueghels, where he earned the nickname "Patrysvogel", or partridge, after the story of Perdix by Ovid. He went back to the Hague via France and England, and was gone for a tot...

a 17th-century painter from the northern Netherlands specialized in portraits, architectural, and historical themes. In Rome he became a member of the painters' circle known as the Bentvueghels, where he earned the nickname "Patrysvogel", or partridge, after the story of Perdix by Ovid. He went back to the Hague via France and England, and was gone for a total of 6 years. In 1678 he set up a workshop in the Hague specialized in wall and ceiling decorations.He is remembered today for his historical allegories and portraits.

a prominent Rococo painter born in the Kingdom of Prussia. About 200 of her works survive, and she painted at least eighty-five verified portraits. Anna Dorothea married Berlin innkeeper Ernst Friedrich Therbusch and gave up painting until around 1760 in order to help her husband in the restaurant. Not until her spousal obligations were discharged did she ab...

a prominent Rococo painter born in the Kingdom of Prussia. About 200 of her works survive, and she painted at least eighty-five verified portraits. Anna Dorothea married Berlin innkeeper Ernst Friedrich Therbusch and gave up painting until around 1760 in order to help her husband in the restaurant. Not until her spousal obligations were discharged did she abandon her family to return to her art.

a Swiss-born American painter, primarily of portraits. He was active mainly around Charleston, South Carolina, in which city he remained almost without competition for the bulk of his career. Theus typically confined himself to uncomplicated compositions, and the bulk of his portraits are bust-length works, approximately thirty by twenty-five inches at their...

a Swiss-born American painter, primarily of portraits. He was active mainly around Charleston, South Carolina, in which city he remained almost without competition for the bulk of his career. Theus typically confined himself to uncomplicated compositions, and the bulk of his portraits are bust-length works, approximately thirty by twenty-five inches at their largest; like many portraitists of the era, he also produced miniatures.

a Flemish Baroque painter of portraits as well as religious and history paintings, whose work was heavily influenced by the courtly and elegant style of Anthony van Dyck. He gained a reputation for large family portraits. His portraits followed the style of van Dyck in the eloquence of the hands and the meticulous execution of the reflections on the shimmeri...

a Flemish Baroque painter of portraits as well as religious and history paintings, whose work was heavily influenced by the courtly and elegant style of Anthony van Dyck. He gained a reputation for large family portraits. His portraits followed the style of van Dyck in the eloquence of the hands and the meticulous execution of the reflections on the shimmering fabric.

an American-born British physicist and inventor whose challenges to established physical theory were part of the 19th century revolution in thermodynamics. He served as lieutenant-colonel of the King's American Dragoons, part of the British Loyalist forces, during the American Revolutionary War. After the end of the war he moved to London, where his administ...

an American-born British physicist and inventor whose challenges to established physical theory were part of the 19th century revolution in thermodynamics. He served as lieutenant-colonel of the King's American Dragoons, part of the British Loyalist forces, during the American Revolutionary War. After the end of the war he moved to London, where his administrative talents were recognized when he was appointed a full colonel, and in 1784 he received a knighthood from King George III. A prolific designer, Thompson also drew designs for warships. He later moved to Bavaria and entered government service there, being appointed Bavarian Army Minister and re-organizing the army, and, in 1791, was made a Count of the Holy Roman Empire.

a successful, self-taught, early nineteenth-century portrait painter in the United States, who was born, died, and lived most of his life in Middleborough, Massachusetts. Although Thompson lived most of his life in Middleborough, he produced portraits throughout New England and from 1800-25 also made annual trips to the south during the winter months to pain...

a successful, self-taught, early nineteenth-century portrait painter in the United States, who was born, died, and lived most of his life in Middleborough, Massachusetts. Although Thompson lived most of his life in Middleborough, he produced portraits throughout New England and from 1800-25 also made annual trips to the south during the winter months to paint in Alexandria, Baltimore, New Orleans, Norfolk, Philadelphia, and the Carolinas and Georgia.

an Italian mannerist architect, sculptor, and mural painter.who spread the style of Italian Mannerist painting in Spain during the late 16th century. His first documented painting was likely as at 15 years of age, a Marriage of Saint Catherine. In 1561, he met Cardinal Carlo Borromeo, who employed him in Milan mostly as architect in the nearly endless task o...

an Italian mannerist architect, sculptor, and mural painter.who spread the style of Italian Mannerist painting in Spain during the late 16th century. His first documented painting was likely as at 15 years of age, a Marriage of Saint Catherine. In 1561, he met Cardinal Carlo Borromeo, who employed him in Milan mostly as architect in the nearly endless task of constructing the cathedral, working on various projects.

an Italian painter and printmaker in etching. His painting style developed after the death of his father in 1770, at which time he returned to Venice, and worked there as well as in Genoa and Padua. His painting, though keeping the decorative influence of his father, moved from its spacial fancy and began to take a more realistic depiction. His portraits and...

an Italian painter and printmaker in etching. His painting style developed after the death of his father in 1770, at which time he returned to Venice, and worked there as well as in Genoa and Padua. His painting, though keeping the decorative influence of his father, moved from its spacial fancy and began to take a more realistic depiction. His portraits and scenes of life in Venice are characterised by movement, colour, and deliberate composition. After a lapse of 15 years, his work developed from the religious and mythological subjects of his father to a more secular style.

a Flemish painter mainly known for his 'guardroom scenes' and still lifes. He was also active as an art dealer. He is mainly known for his genre scenes and still lifes but also painted mythological and Christian religious scenes. His still lifes are mainly still lifes of armour in addition to a few hunting pieces. He was specialized in 'guardroom scenes', a ...

a Flemish painter mainly known for his 'guardroom scenes' and still lifes. He was also active as an art dealer. He is mainly known for his genre scenes and still lifes but also painted mythological and Christian religious scenes. His still lifes are mainly still lifes of armour in addition to a few hunting pieces. He was specialized in 'guardroom scenes', a type of genre scene that had become popular in the mid-17th century, particularly in the Dutch Republic.

an Italian painter and a notable exponent of the Renaissance school. His work is characterized by its muscular figures, dramatic gestures, and bold use of perspective in the Mannerist style, while maintaining color and light typical of the Venetian School. Tintoretto scarcely ever travelled out of Venice. He loved all the arts and as a youth played the lute ...

an Italian painter and a notable exponent of the Renaissance school. His work is characterized by its muscular figures, dramatic gestures, and bold use of perspective in the Mannerist style, while maintaining color and light typical of the Venetian School. Tintoretto scarcely ever travelled out of Venice. He loved all the arts and as a youth played the lute and various instruments, some of them of his own invention, and designed theatrical costumes and properties.

a German painter. He was a descendant of an artist family. Like many contemporary colleagues, he moved to Rome for some years. During his first stay in Rome (1779–1781) his style changed from Rococo to Neoclassicism. He painted landscapes, historical scenes and still lifes. From 1808, Tischbein was a painter at the court of Oldenburg in Northern Germany. H...

a German painter. He was a descendant of an artist family. Like many contemporary colleagues, he moved to Rome for some years. During his first stay in Rome (1779–1781) his style changed from Rococo to Neoclassicism. He painted landscapes, historical scenes and still lifes. From 1808, Tischbein was a painter at the court of Oldenburg in Northern Germany. He died at Eutin.

an Italian painter, the most important member of the 16th-century Venetian school. He was born in Pieve di Cadore, near Belluno (in Veneto, Republic of Venice). Titian was one of the most versatile of Italian painters, equally adept with portraits, landscape backgrounds, and mythological and religious subjects. His painting methods, particularly in the appli...

an Italian painter, the most important member of the 16th-century Venetian school. He was born in Pieve di Cadore, near Belluno (in Veneto, Republic of Venice). Titian was one of the most versatile of Italian painters, equally adept with portraits, landscape backgrounds, and mythological and religious subjects. His painting methods, particularly in the application and use of color, would exercise a profound influence not only on painters of the Italian Renaissance, but on future generations of Western art.

a Mannerist landscape painter active in Italy. Toeput was born in Antwerp. According to Karel van Mander, who listed him as one of two painters from Northern Europe whom he met in Venice, he was a good poet (rederijker) as well as a painter; van Mander though...

a Mannerist landscape painter active in Italy. Toeput was born in Antwerp. According to Karel van Mander, who listed him as one of two painters from Northern Europe whom he met in Venice, he was a good poet (rederijker) as well as a painter; van Mander thought he came from Mechelen. Van Mander listed him with Dirck de Vries, a painter of kitchen pieces and fruit markets from Friesland. According to the RKD he spent most of his life in Treviso, Italy, where he died. He painted several historical allegories from the Bible and mythological themes from Metamorphoses.

a Dutch Golden Age painter of genre works. Torenvliet was active in a number of different cities throughout his career, mainly in Italy and the Netherlands. He was in Vienna in 1663, and in Rome for a portrait commission in 1669. From 1670 to 1673 they lived in Venice, making another trip to Rome in 1671, where Torenvliet became a member of the Bentvueghels....

a Dutch Golden Age painter of genre works. Torenvliet was active in a number of different cities throughout his career, mainly in Italy and the Netherlands. He was in Vienna in 1663, and in Rome for a portrait commission in 1669. From 1670 to 1673 they lived in Venice, making another trip to Rome in 1671, where Torenvliet became a member of the Bentvueghels. He went to Vienna again in 1673, staying until 1674, and mainly painted figures on copper. He was in Leiden again in 1679, Amsterdam in 1680, and back in Leiden in 1686, where he remained.

an Italian painter of the Renaissance and Mannerist period, who worked in Florence. He apprenticed initially with Lorenzo di Credi and Antonio del Ceraiolo, but then moved into the studio of Ridolfo Ghirlandaio, from whom he acquired the name Michele di Ridolfo or Michele (di Ridolfo) del Ghirlandaio. Some sources claim Tosini was the son of Ridolfo, but he ...

an Italian painter of the Renaissance and Mannerist period, who worked in Florence. He apprenticed initially with Lorenzo di Credi and Antonio del Ceraiolo, but then moved into the studio of Ridolfo Ghirlandaio, from whom he acquired the name Michele di Ridolfo or Michele (di Ridolfo) del Ghirlandaio. Some sources claim Tosini was the son of Ridolfo, but he was just a student of him.

a Spanish baroque painter, appointed court painter by Philip V in 1723. His own portraits include Portrait of a Young Girl (1732), now in Meiningen, at Schloss Elisabethenburg. In 1733 he travelled with the court when it returned to Madrid, and he may have worked as an assistant to Louis-Michel van Loo. Tovar also probably painted the theme of the Holy Sheph...

a Spanish baroque painter, appointed court painter by Philip V in 1723. His own portraits include Portrait of a Young Girl (1732), now in Meiningen, at Schloss Elisabethenburg. In 1733 he travelled with the court when it returned to Madrid, and he may have worked as an assistant to Louis-Michel van Loo. Tovar also probably painted the theme of the Holy Shepherd, popular with Sevillian artists of his time.

a British watercolour landscape painter. In 1759 he won a design prize from the Society of Arts, and studied for a while at St Martin’s Lane Academy. In 1763 Towne was employed by a coach painter called Thomas Watson in Long Acre, and went to Exeter on business. He had already begun painting in oils and also taught drawing, and now he began to accept commi...

a British watercolour landscape painter. In 1759 he won a design prize from the Society of Arts, and studied for a while at St Martin’s Lane Academy. In 1763 Towne was employed by a coach painter called Thomas Watson in Long Acre, and went to Exeter on business. He had already begun painting in oils and also taught drawing, and now he began to accept commissions from wealthy families in Devon. In the latter part of his career he was based in London.

a Spanish painter. Tristán was born and died in Toledo. He became an assistant of El Greco between 1603 and 1607; Tristán's later works were influenced by his master. One of his most important paintings is an altar image in the church of Yepes (1616) as well as The Adoration of the Magi (now at the Museum of Fine Arts, Budapest), San Luis repartiendo limos...

a Spanish painter. Tristán was born and died in Toledo. He became an assistant of El Greco between 1603 and 1607; Tristán's later works were influenced by his master. One of his most important paintings is an altar image in the church of Yepes (1616) as well as The Adoration of the Magi (now at the Museum of Fine Arts, Budapest), San Luis repartiendo limosna (now at the Louvre) and La ronda del pan y del huevo (Museo de Santa Cruz), Toledo.

an 18th-century actor and painter from Amsterdam. Troost was trained as an actor and married the actress Susanna Maria van der Duyn, but became a pupil of Arnold Boonen and gave up his career for painting in 1723. He is primarily remembered for his works depicting scenes from the Amsterdam Theatre (he also made theatre decorations for plays) and daily life o...

an 18th-century actor and painter from Amsterdam. Troost was trained as an actor and married the actress Susanna Maria van der Duyn, but became a pupil of Arnold Boonen and gave up his career for painting in 1723. He is primarily remembered for his works depicting scenes from the Amsterdam Theatre (he also made theatre decorations for plays) and daily life of the upper crust in Amsterdam.

a 19th-century painter from the Northern Netherlands. He was born in Amsterdam. According to the RKD he entered the Amsterdam drawing academy in 1803 where he took drawing lessons from Anthonie Andriessen and painting lessons from his brother Jurriaen Andriessen (the father of Amsterdam draughtsman Christiaan Andriessen). From 1805 until his death he was con...

a 19th-century painter from the Northern Netherlands. He was born in Amsterdam. According to the RKD he entered the Amsterdam drawing academy in 1803 where he took drawing lessons from Anthonie Andriessen and painting lessons from his brother Jurriaen Andriessen (the father of Amsterdam draughtsman Christiaan Andriessen). From 1805 until his death he was concierge of the Amsterdam City hall. He was the teacher of Albertus Brondgeest. He died young in Amsterdam.

Benjamin Trott, thought to have been born in Boston, ranks with Edward Greene Malbone and Charles Fraser as one of America’s best miniaturists. During a long career that spanned from 1791 to 1841, Trott worked along the eastern seaboard from Boston to Charleston. In 1793 he settled in Philadelphia to make watercolor miniatures on ivory of Gilbert Stuart’...

Benjamin Trott, thought to have been born in Boston, ranks with Edward Greene Malbone and Charles Fraser as one of America’s best miniaturists. During a long career that spanned from 1791 to 1841, Trott worked along the eastern seaboard from Boston to Charleston. In 1793 he settled in Philadelphia to make watercolor miniatures on ivory of Gilbert Stuart’s portraits. Trott reached the height of his career, from 1806 to 1819, in Philadelphia, where he shared a studio with Thomas Sully for a time. He exhibited several miniatures at the Pennsylvania Academy in 1811 and 1812.

a French painter and engraver who became principal painter to King James II in exile at Saint-Germain-en-Laye and Director of the Académie Royale de peinture et de sculpture. Troy's early known works include tapestry designs for Madame de Montespan, one of the many mistresses of more

a French painter and engraver who became principal painter to King James II in exile at Saint-Germain-en-Laye and Director of the Académie Royale de peinture et de sculpture. Troy's early known works include tapestry designs for Madame de Montespan, one of the many mistresses of Louis XIV of France, and paintings with religious and mythological subjects. In 1698, he was appointed a Professor of the Académie Royale, and in 1708 became its Director.

a French painter, was born in Sèvres, near Paris, where his father was connected with the famous manufactory of porcelain. Troyon was an animal painter of the first rank, and was closely associated with the artists who painted around Barbizon. The technical qualities of his methods of painting are most masterly; his drawing is excellent, and his composition...

a French painter, was born in Sèvres, near Paris, where his father was connected with the famous manufactory of porcelain. Troyon was an animal painter of the first rank, and was closely associated with the artists who painted around Barbizon. The technical qualities of his methods of painting are most masterly; his drawing is excellent, and his composition always interesting. It was only comparatively late in life that Troyon found his métier, but when he realized his power of painting animals he produced a fairly large number of good pictures in a few years.

an American artist during the period of the American Revolutionary War and was notable for his historical paintings. His Declaration of Independence (1817) was used on the reverse of the two-dollar bill. As a soldier in the American Revolutionary War, Trumbull rendered a particular service at Boston by sketching plans of the British works. Trumbull completed...

an American artist during the period of the American Revolutionary War and was notable for his historical paintings. His Declaration of Independence (1817) was used on the reverse of the two-dollar bill. As a soldier in the American Revolutionary War, Trumbull rendered a particular service at Boston by sketching plans of the British works. Trumbull completed other paintings related to the Revolution as well.

an English Romanticist landscape painter. Turner was considered a controversial figure in his day, but is now regarded as the artist who elevated landscape painting to an eminence rivalling history painting. Although renowned for his oil paintings, Turner is also one of the greatest masters of British watercolour landscape painting. He is commonly known as "...

an English Romanticist landscape painter. Turner was considered a controversial figure in his day, but is now regarded as the artist who elevated landscape painting to an eminence rivalling history painting. Although renowned for his oil paintings, Turner is also one of the greatest masters of British watercolour landscape painting. He is commonly known as "the painter of light" and his work is regarded as a Romantic preface to Impressionism.

a French writer and painter. His most familiar works are landscapes with structures, usually set in Italy. His father was Colonel Henri Roland Lancelot Turpin de Crissé, an amateur painter of some note. The family was financially ruined by the Revolution and had to flee Paris, but he was able to finish his studies in Switzerland and Italy, thanks to the pat...

a French writer and painter. His most familiar works are landscapes with structures, usually set in Italy. His father was Colonel Henri Roland Lancelot Turpin de Crissé, an amateur painter of some note. The family was financially ruined by the Revolution and had to flee Paris, but he was able to finish his studies in Switzerland and Italy, thanks to the patronage of Marie-Gabriel-Florent-Auguste de Choiseul-Gouffier. Upon his return to France in 1809, he exhibited at the Salon.

a German-born Danish polymath: portrait painter, printmaker, architect, and decorator of the Baroque period. In Italy besides painting he lay now also to the art of building and made drawings for several churches and palaces, his projects for church buildings earned him a Papal Knight's Cross. In London he painted a portrait of the family of instrument-maker...

a German-born Danish polymath: portrait painter, printmaker, architect, and decorator of the Baroque period. In Italy besides painting he lay now also to the art of building and made drawings for several churches and palaces, his projects for church buildings earned him a Papal Knight's Cross. In London he painted a portrait of the family of instrument-maker Burkhardt Tschudi. In Denmark, his first work was a sumptuous decoration for Admiralty College building on the occasion of Princess Louise of Great Britain arrival. Later he painted a large portrait of King Christian VI on horseback, surrounded by allegorical figures (1748).