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Humans have gazed at the night sky for thousands of years, and found it pretty interesting. They learned that you could navigate using the celestial map and, over time, also learned that certain events could be predicted. These learned people were quite prized by their brethren, and their endeavors helped advance our understanding of the world.
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Cross-listed in Writers

Galileo Galilei

bornactivedied
1564, Feb 151581-16381642, Jan 8
an Italian astronomer, physicist, engineer, philosopher, and mathematician who played a major role in the scientific revolution during the Renaissance.
Timeline (14)Links (25)


Johann Gottfried Galle

bornactivedied
1812, Jun 91835-18971910, Jul 10
a German astronomer from Radis, Germany, at the Berlin Observatory who was the first person to view the planet Neptune and know what he was looking at.
Timeline (1)Links (1)


Cross-listed in ExplorersWritersScientistsCartographers

Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa

borndied
15321592
a Spanish explorer, author, historian, astronomer, and scientist. His birthplace is not certain and may have been Pontevedra, in Galicia. In Lima he was accused by the Inquisition of possessing two magic rings and some magic ink and of following the precepts of Moses. In 1572 he was commissioned by Francisco de Toledo, the fifth Viceroy of Peru, to write a h...
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Links (4)


Cross-listed in ClergyWritersScientists

Pierre Gassendi

bornactivedied
1592, Jan 221617-16531655, Oct 24
a French philosopher, priest, scientist, astronomer, and mathematician. While he held a church position in south-east France, he also spent much time in Paris, where he was a leader of a group of free-thinking intellectuals. He was also an active observational scientist, publishing the first data on the transit of Mercury in 1631. The lunar crater Gassendi i...
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Carl Friedrich Gauss

bornactivedied
1777, Apr 301798-18541855, Feb 23
a German mathematician who contributed significantly to many fields, including number theory, algebra, statistics, analysis, differential geometry, geodesy, geophysics, mechanics, electrostatics, astronomy, matrix theory, and optics.
Links (19)


Cross-listed in WritersPhysicians

William Gilbert

aka: Gilberd
borndied
1544, May 241603, Nov 30
an English physician, physicist and natural philosopher. He passionately rejected both the prevailing Aristotelian philosophy and the Scholastic method of university teaching. He is remembered today largely for his book De Magnete (1600), and is credited as one of the originators of the term "electricity". He is regarded by some as the father of electrical e...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Artists

Hermann Goldschmidt

bornactivedied
1802, Jun 171820-18621866, Apr 26
a German-French astronomer and painter who spent much of his life in France. He started out as a painter, but after attending a lecture by the famous French astronomer Urbain Le Verrier turned to astronomy. In 1820, Goldschmidt discovered shadow bands in total solar eclipses.
Links (1)


John Goodricke

bornactivedied
1764, Sep 171778-17861786, Apr 20
an English amateur astronomer. He is best known for his observations of the variable star Algol (Beta Persei) in 1782. Goodricke is credited with discovering the periodic variation of ? Cephei, the prototypical example of the Cepheid variable stars.
Links (1)


Benjamin Apthorp Gould

bornactivedied
1824, Sep 271844-18851896, Nov 26
a pioneering American astronomer. He is noted for creating the Astronomical Journal, discovering the Gould Belt, and for founding of the Argentine National Observatory and the Argentine National Weather Service.
Links (1)


Cross-listed in Writers

Andrew Graham

bornactivedied
1815, Apr 81848-19031907, Nov 5
an Irish astronomer/computer. He discovered the asteroid 9 Metis in 1848 whilst employed at Markree Observatory in County Sligo. He later worked on the Markree Catalogue, which consists of observations of about sixty thousand stars along the ecliptic taken between August 8, 1848 and 27 March 1856 and was published in four Volumes over the years 1851, 1853, 1...
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Cross-listed in Explorers

Charles Green

bornactivedied
17351760-17711771, Jan 29
a British astronomer and member of the expedition to observe the transit of Venus aboard James Cook's Endeavour. Cook noted in his log that the times recorded by the three observers for the times of contact differed significantly; this anomaly, now generally ...
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Links (2)


Cross-listed in WritersInventors

James Gregory

aka: Gregorie
borndied
1638, Nov1675, Oct
a Scottish mathematician and astronomer. He described an early practical design for the reflecting telescope – the Gregorian telescope – and made advances in trigonometry, discovering infinite series representations for several trigonometric functions. In his book Geometriae Pars Universalis (1668) Gregory gave both the first published statement and proo...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in ClergyScientistsEducators

Edmund Gunter

bornactivedied
15811614-16261626, Dec 10
an English clergyman, mathematician, geometer and astronomer of Welsh descent. He is best remembered for his mathematical contributions which include the invention of the Gunter's chain, the Gunter's quadrant, and the Gunter's scale. In 1620, he invented the first successful analog device which he developed to calculate logarithmic tangents. He was mentored ...
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Timeline (1)Links (12)

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