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Cross-listed in Clergy

Nicholas Callan

borndied
1799, Dec 221864, Jan 10
an Irish priest and scientist from Darver, County Louth, Ireland. He was Professor of Natural Philosophy in Maynooth College in County Kildare from 1834, and is best known for his work on the induction coil. Callan was ordained a priest in 1823 and went to Rome to study at Sapienza University, obtaining a doctorate in divinity in 1826. While in Rome he becam...
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Cross-listed in AstronomersWritersPhysiciansScientists

Gerolamo Cardano

borndied
1501, Sep 241576, Sep 21
an Italian polymath, whose interests and proficiencies ranged from being a mathematician, physician, biologist, physicist, chemist, astrologer, astronomer, philosopher, writer, and gambler. He was one of the most influential mathematicians of the Renaissance, and was one of the key figures in the foundation of probability and the earliest introducer of the b...
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Antonio Benedetto Carpano

borndied
17641815
an Italian distiller, famous for having invented Vermouth and consequently the apéritif. In 1786, Antonio Benedetto Carpano invented modern Vermouth in Turin, made from white wine added to an infusion of herbs and spices, in more than 30 varieties. It was sweetened with spirit, which he believed would be a more suitable beverage for ladies than the local re...
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Cross-listed in ClergyWritersScientists

Giovanni Caselli

borndied
18151891
an Italian physicist and priest. He is the inventor of the pantelegraph (a.k.a. Universal Telegraph or "all-purpose telegraph"), the predecessor of the modern fax machine. The world's first practical operating facsimile machine ("fax") system put into use was by Caselli. In Florence he studied physics under Leopoldo Nobili. These studies involved electrochem...
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George Cayley

borndied
1773, Dec 271857, Dec 15
a prolific English engineer and is one of the most important people in the history of aeronautics. Many consider him to be the first true scientific aerial investigator and the first person to understand the underlying principles and forces of flight. In 1799 he set forth the concept of the modern aeroplane as a fixed-wing flying machine with separate system...
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Cross-listed in AstronomersScientists

Anders Celsius

bornactivedied
1701, Nov 271730-17441744, Apr 25
a Swedish astronomer, physicist and mathematician, professor of astronomy at Uppsala University, founder of the Uppsala Astronomical Observatory and proposed the Celsius temperature scale which bears his name.
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Cyrus Chambers Jr.

borndied
1833, Dec 61911, Jul 9
an American Inventor. Mr Cyrus Chambers Jr Overbrook Pa was born at Kennett Square Pa December 6 1833 and died after a brief illness on July 9 1911 His inclination toward mechanical pursuits manifested itself early in life and the many machines and other devices which he made while a boy attracted considerable attention A miniature high pressure steam engine...
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Cross-listed in PhysiciansScientists

William Francis Channing

borndied
1820, Feb 221901, Mar 20
an American activist, electrical researcher, scientist, physician, and inventor. He invented the first citywide electric fire alarm system. Channing worked with Alexander Graham Bell in developing the telephone. Channing was an assistant on the first geological survey of New Hampshire during 1841–42. He was associated with Henry Ingersoll Bowditch in the e...
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Claude Chappe

borndied
1763, Dec 251805, Jan 23
a French inventor who in 1792 demonstrated a practical semaphore system that eventually spanned all of France. This was the first practical telecommunications system of the industrial age, making Chappe the first telecom mogul with his "mechanical internet."
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Cross-listed in Scientists

Jacques Charles

aka: Charles the Geometer
borndied
1746, Nov 121823, Apr 7
a French inventor, scientist, mathematician, and balloonist. Charles wrote almost nothing about mathematics, and most of what has been credited to him was due to mistaking him with another Jacques Charles, also a member of the Paris Academy of Sciences, entering on May 12, 1785. Charles and the Robert brothers launched the world's first (unmanned) hydrogen-f...
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Cross-listed in Scientists

Samuel Hunter Christie

borndied
1784, Mar 221865, Jan 24
a British scientist and mathematician. He was particularly interested in magnetism, studying the earth's magnetic field and designing improvements to the magnetic compass. Some of his magnetic research was done in collaboration with Peter Barlow. He became a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1826, delivered their Bakerian Lecture in 1833 and served as their Se...
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Cross-listed in ArtistsAstronomers

Alvan Clark

bornactivedied
1804, Mar 81830s-18871887, Aug 19
an American astronomer and telescope maker. He was a portrait painter and engraver (c.1830s-1850s), and at the age of 40 became involved in telescope making. Using glass blanks made by Chance Brothers of Birmingham and Feil-Mantois of Paris, his firm Alvan Clark & Sons ground lenses for refracting telescopes, including the largest in the world at the time.
Timeline (1)Links (8)


Cross-listed in Governance

Archibald Cochrane

aka: 9th Earl of Dundonald
borndied
1748, Jan 11831, Jul 1
a Scottish nobleman and inventor. The son of Thomas Cochrane, 8th Earl of Dundonald, he joined the British Army as a youth and also served time in the Royal Navy before returning to Culross in 1778 after inheriting the Earldom of Dundonald from his father. He inherited a title and family lands but little money. Left with no other means of support, Archibald ...
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Aeneas Coffey

borndied
17801852
an Irish inventor and distiller. He patented a single column still in 1830, enhancing the original design for the column still by Robert Stein in 1826. His column still became widely popular and is known as the "Coffey still" or "Patent Still". Early Coffey stills produced spirits of about 60% or somewhat higher alcohol by volume concentration. Modern versio...
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Cross-listed in WritersScientistsCartographers

Michiel Coignet

aka: Quignet, Cognet, Connette
borndied
15491623, Dec 24
a Flemish polymath who made significant contributions to various disciplines including cosmography, mathematics, navigation and cartography. He also built new and improved scientific instruments and made military engineering designs. Coignet was a scientist at the court of the governors of the Spanish Netherlands Albert VII, Archduke of Austria and Isabella ...
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Sir Henry Cole

borndied
1808, Jul 151882, Apr 18
an English civil servant and inventor who facilitated many innovations in commerce and education in 19th century Britain. Cole is credited with devising the concept of sending greetings cards at Christmas time, introducing the world's first commercial Christmas card in 1843.
Links (1)


Cross-listed in Commerce

Samuel Colt

bornactivedied
1814, Jul 191835-18621862, Jan 10
an American inventor and industrialist from Hartford, Connecticut. He founded Colt's Patent Fire-Arms Manufacturing Company (today, Colt's Manufacturing Company), and made the mass production of the revolver commercially viable. Colt's first two business ventures — producing firearms in Paterson, New Jersey, and making underwater mines — ended in disappo...
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Timeline (3)Links (18)Notes (1)


Cornelis Corneliszoon

aka: Corneliszoon van Uitgeest, Krelis Lootjes
borndied
1550 ca1607
a Dutch windmill owner from Uitgeest who invented the wind-powered sawmill, which made the conversion of log timber into planks 30 times faster than before. In 1594 he built his first sawmill, a small mill which floated on a raft. In 1595 the mill was sold and moved to Alkmaar. The remains of the mill were accidentally discovered in 2004 during excavations a...
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Bartolomeo Cristofori

borndied
1655, May 41731, Jan 27
an Italian maker of musical instruments, generally regarded as the inventor of the piano. The available source materials on Cristofori's life include his birth and death records, two wills, the bills he submitted to his employers, and a single interview carried out by Scipione Maffei. From the latter, both Maffei's notes and the published journal article are...
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Cross-listed in Scientists

William Crookes

borndied
1832, Jun 171919, Apr 4
an English chemist and physicist who attended the Royal College of Chemistry, London, and worked on spectroscopy. He was a pioneer of vacuum tubes, inventing the Crookes tube and the Crookes radiometer, which today is made and sold as a novelty item. From 1850 to 1854 he filled the position of assistant in the college, and soon embarked upon original work. H...
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Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot

borndied
1725, Feb 261804, Oct 2
a French inventor who built the first working self-propelled land-based mechanical vehicle, the world's first automobile. This 1769 claim of earliest self-powered vehicle is disputed by some sources[which?] which suggest that around 1672 Ferdinand Verbiest, a member of a Jesuit mission in China, designed the first "steam-powered vehicle", but that it was too...
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Cross-listed in WritersPhysiciansScientists

William Cullen

borndied
1710, Apr 151790, Feb 5
a Scottish physician, chemist and agriculturalist, and one of the most important professors at the Edinburgh Medical School, during its heyday as the leading center of medical education in the English-speaking world. In 1748 while in Glasgow, Cullen invented the basis for modern refrigeration, although is not credited with a usable application. In 1751 he wa...
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Cross-listed in Writers

Alexander Cumming

aka: Cummings
bornactivedied
17331750s-18141814, Mar 8
a Scottish watchmaker and instrument inventor, who was the first to patent a design of the flush toilet, that had been invented by Sir John Harrington. The S-trap (or bend) was invented by Cumming in 1775 to retain water permanently within the bowl, thus preventing sewer gases from entering buildings. It survives in today's plumbing modified as a U- or J-sha...
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Noah Cushing

bornactivedied
1779, Oct 161820s1850, Dec 27
Born in Putney, Windham, Vermont, USA on 16 October, 1779 to Noah Matthew Cushing and Abigail Lockling. Noah Cushing married Bathsheba Sanderson and had 3 children. He passed away on 27 Dec 1850 in Trois Rivieres, St Maurice, Quebec, Canada. He filed the first patent in Canadian history for a “washing and fulling machine” to clean and strengthen cloth.
Timeline (1)Links (2)

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