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Before the advent of photography, if you wanted a picture of something or someone, you had to draw it yourself -- or hire someone to do it for you. Artists (at least the good ones) could make a good living painting portraits, cityscapes, scenes of commoners, or still lifes; and also preserving for us the particulars of their lives, the styles of their clothes and houses and the details of their world. Here are some whose works have lived beyond their lifetimes.
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Dirk van der Aa

bornactivedied
17311770s1809, Feb 23
a Dutch rococo painter who is best known for his allegorical work. Born and died in The Hague. With Gerrit Mes, he started a workshop; they specialized in grisaille decorative paintings. He counted Evert Morel, Cornelis Kuipers, Johan Christiaan Roedig and Andries van der Aa amongst his students. He died in his home city of The Hague.
Links (1)


Hans von Aachen

bornactivedied
15521574-1600s1615, Mar 4
a German mannerist painter. He became well known as a painter of portraits for noble houses. He also produced historical and religious scenes and earned a wide reputation.
Links (1)


Master of the Aachen Altar

bornactivedied
unknown1480/1495-1520unknown
an anonymous late gothic painter named for his master work, the Aachen Altar triptych. He was part of a group of painters who were active in Cologne at the beginning of the sixteenth century and were Cologne's last significant practitioners of late gothic painting.
Links (1)


Lemuel Francis Abbott

bornactivedied
1760/611780-17981802, Dec 5
an English portrait painter, famous for his likeness of Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson (currently hanging in the Terracotta Room of number 10 Downing Street) and for those of other naval officers and literary figures of the 18th century.
Links (1)


Hans Abel

bornactivedied
unknown1490sunknown
A painter from Frankfort, he painted some of the beautiful windows which adorn the cathedral and several churches in that city. He also painted banners.
Links (1)


Josef Abel

bornactivedied
1768, Aug 221801-18181818, Oct 4
an Austrian historical painter and etcher. Among his famous works are paintings and etchings of Klopstock in Elysium, Orestes and Electra, Socrates and Theramenes as well as Emperor Francis I of Austria. He also painted the figural part of the front curtain of the old Burgtheater under directions of Füger.
Links (4)


Jacob Abels

bornactivedied
18031826-18661866
a Dutch painter. Born in Amsterdam. He was especially noted for his paintings of moonlit landscapes. The Museum at Haarlem has works by him. He died at Abcoude
Links (1)


Cross-listed in SculptorsArchitects

Nicolai Abraham Abildgaard

bornactivedied
1743, Sep 111764-18091809, Jun 4
a Danish neoclassical and royal history painter, sculptor, architect, and professor of painting, mythology, and anatomy at the New Royal Danish Academy of Art in Copenhagen, Denmark. Many of his works were in the royal Christiansborg Palace (some destroyed by fire 1794), Fredensborg Palace, and Levetzau Palace at Amalienborg. Abildgaard had studied at the Ac...
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Links (3)Notes (1)


Bernardus Accama

bornactivedied
16971730s-17561756
an 18th-century Dutch historical and portrait painter. Born in Friesland. He worked for and executed commissions for William IV of Orange. However much of his work was lost during the Revolution of 1795.
Links (1)


Cristobal de Acevedo

aka: Cristóbal
bornactivedied
15401560s-1580sunknown
a Spanish painter, active mainly during the Renaissance period. He was born likely in Madrid and was a disciple of Bartolomé Carducho in 1585, and painted pictures for many of the convents in the capital.
Links (1)


Andreas Achenbach

bornactivedied
1815, Sep 291835-1860s1910, Apr 1
a German landscape painter, associated with the Düsseldorf school of painting. In his early work he followed the pseudo-idealism of the German romantic school, but on removing to Munich in 1835, the stronger influence of Louis Gurlitt turned his talent into new channels, and he became the founder of the German realistic school.
Links (1)


Oswald Achenbach

bornactivedied
1827, Feb 21843-19051905, Feb 1
a German painter associated with the Düsseldorf school of painting. Though little known today, during his lifetime he was counted among the most important landscape painters of Europe.
Links (1)


Lucas Achtschellinck

aka: Achtschellincks, Achtschellinckx, Achtschellincx, Aghtschellinx
bornactivedied
1626, Jan1657-16991699, May
a Flemish landscape painter. No signed or documented works of Achtschellinck are known, although there is a monogrammed work at the Fondation Custodia. There are a number of landscapes with a clear stylistic relationship that are attributed to him.
Links (1)


Georg Friedrich Ackermann

borndied
unknownunknown
a German artist who painted landscapes. Brother of the more successful Johann Adam Ackermann


Johann Adam Ackermann

bornactivedied
17801800s-1840s 1853, Mar 27
a German landscape painter of the early 19th century. His best-known works are his winter landscapes and watercolours. He died in Frankfurt am Main. The brother of Georg Friedrich Ackermann, who also painted landscapes but with less success.
Links (1)


Albrecht Adam

bornactivedied
1786, Apr 161809-18581862, Aug 28
a German painter of battles and horses. Brother of Heinrich Adam. He worked until a great age, recording battles and portraying horses, even though in his late works he was supported by the help of his sons, Benno, Eugen and Franz.
Links (1)


Benno Adam

bornactivedied
1812, Jul 151830s-1880s1892, Mar 8
a German animal painter, and distinguished himself especially by his depictions of game animals, hunting dogs and pets in larger compositions (deer and boar hunting, fox baiting, etc.) . Son of Albrecht Adam, brother of Franz and Eugen
Links (1)


Eugen Adam

bornactivedied
1817, Jan 221840s-1870s1880, Jun 6
a German painter. He specialised on animal, genre, landscape and battle paintings. He had his atelier in Munich, and lived in Milan during the years 1849-1858. In 1859 he became war reporter for the journal Ueber Land und Meer. In 1861 he participated in Swiss campaigns, in 1870 and 1871 in the war between France and Germany. His brothers Franz and Benno wer...
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Franz Adam

bornactivedied
1815, May 41840s-1870s1886, Sep 30
a German painter, chiefly of military subjects, born and active for much of his life in Italy. Franz Adam's first notable work was a collection of lithographs on the Revolutions of 1848 in the Italian states. Son of Albrecht Adam, brother of Benno and Eugen
Links (1)


Heinrich Adam

bornactivedied
17871811-1850s1862, Feb 15
a German painter. He studied painting in Augsburg and Munich, and distinguished himself as a painter of landscapes and as an engraver. In 1811 he stayed with Albrecht at Lake Como, and painted in watercolours. He also engraved six hunting-pieces, after his brother Albrecht, at Milan, in 1813. He died in Munich.
Links (1)


Elisabeth von Adlerflycht

bornactivedied
1775, Sep 231811-1820s1846, Mar 15
a German painter and inventor of the Rhine panorama. Elisabeth von Adlerflycht had a painting gallery in Frankfurt, where today a street is named after the von Adlerflycht family.
Links (1)


Alexander Adriaenssen

aka: Adriansen
bornactivedied
15871610-16501661
a Flemish Baroque still-life painter, particularly known for his renderings of fish. Born in Antwerp; Stylistically, he was influenced by the school of Haarlem. His compositions are characterised by an asymmetrical diagonal layout—a triangle standing on end flanked by ellipses—with objects overlapping over multiple planes for greater depth.
Links (1)


Evert van Aelst

aka: Everard Aalst
bornactivedied
16021620s-1650s1657, Feb 19
a Dutch still life painter. Became famous for his still life paintings of game, fish, vases, etc. The grand duke of Tuscany became his patron and handsomely rewarded him for his works.
Links (1)


Pieter van Aelst

aka: Peter, Peeter
bornactivedied
unknown1644-1654unknown
a Flemish genre painter and draughtsman. There are no records about the life and training of this artist active in Antwerp in the mid-17th century. He is currently known for only one work attributed to him.
Links (1)


Willem van Aelst

bornactivedied
1627, May 161643-16831687
a Dutch Golden Age artist who specialized in still-life painting with flowers or game. Born in Delft; Died in Amsterdam. Van Aelst has paintings in public collections including thirteen paintings in public collections in the United Kingdom.
Links (1)


Theodor Aenvanck

aka: Théodoor van Aenvanck, Theodor van Aenvanck, Theodor Aenvalck
bornactivedied
16331647-1680s1690 ca
a Flemish Baroque painter, known for his flower still lifes. He became a member of the Antwerp Guild of St. Luke in 1647, and in 1669 he became master. He is known for his flower still lifes but also painted fruit still lives and fish still lives. Born and died in Antwerp
Links (1)


Pieter Aertsen

aka: Lange Pier
bornactivedied
15081550s-1570s1575, Jun 3
a Dutch painter in the style of Northern Mannerism, who invented the monumental genre scene combining still life and genre painting, and very often also including a biblical scene in the background. Born in Amsterdam. Died in Amsterdam.
Links (2)


Rijckaert Aertsz

aka: Richard Aertsz, Richard Aartsz, Rijk met de Stelt (Rich with the Crutch)
bornactivedied
14821510s-15601577, May
a Dutch Renaissance painter of historical allegories. Most of his works were painted while he lived in Antwerp. He painted the altar doors of the Carrier's guild (Zakkendragersgilde, a guild for turf carriers and other cart trades) in the St. Bavochurch. Most of his works were painted while he lived in Antwerp.
Links (1)


Master of Affligem

aka: Master of the Joseph Sequence
bornactivedied
unknown1470-1508unknown
an accomplished painter of the South Netherlandish school, apparently working in Brussels, whose name is not known, but whose hand can be detected in a number of surviving paintings on panel.
Links (1)


Christoph Ludwig Agricola

bornactivedied
1667, Nov 51690s-17191719, Aug 8
a German landscape painter. He was born and died at Regensburg (Ratisbon). His numerous landscapes, chiefly cabinet pictures, are remarkable for fidelity to nature, and especially for their skilful representation of varied phases of climate.
Links (1)


Karl Agricola

bornactivedied
17791800s-18621862
a German artist, noted for his portrait miniatures. He became known for his mythological pictures in oil and watercolour — such as his Cupid and Psyche — and for his etchings and lithographs; but he was most noted for his miniature portraits. After a prosperous career he died in Vienna
Links (1)


Francisco Agustin y Grande

aka: Agustín y Grande
bornactivedied
17531770s-17991800
a Spanish painter of the Neoclassic style. In 1799, he became a member for the Royal Academy of San Fernando in Madrid. He mainly produced devotional paintings for churches in Cordoba.
Links (1)


Cross-listed in Writers

Sofia Ahlbom

borndied
1803, Nov 251868, Jun 8
a Swedish drawing artist, engraver, lithographer, photographer, map maker, writer, poet and feminist. She displayed an early talent in drawing as a child, and was tutored by the engraver Grandel in first drawing and later in engraving. Sofia Ahlbom was also active as a writer, and produced publications in both poetry and prose.
Links (1)


August Ahlborn

bornactivedied
1796, Oct 111823-18521857, Aug 24
a German landscape painter. His paintings are mainly of Italian, North German, and Tyrolean landscapes, but also including a few portraits and religious works. Many of his works were in the possession of the royal family of Prussia. Ahlborn died in Rome.
Links (1)


Joseph Matthaus Aigner

aka: Joseph Matthäus
bornactivedied
1818, Jan 181840s-1870s1886, Feb 19
an Austrian portrait painter, who studied under Friedrich von Amerling and Carl Rahl. He painted portraits of Franz Joseph I of Austria and his wife Elizabeth, Franz Grillparzer, Friedrich Halm, Nikolaus Lenau, and Maximilian I of Mexico.
Links (1)


Max Emanuel Ainmiller

bornactivedied
1807, Feb 141828-1860s1870, Dec 9
a German artist and glass painter. The earliest specimens of Ainmiller's work are to be found in the cathedral of Regensburg. With a few exceptions, all the windows in Glasgow cathedral are from his hand. Ainmiller had considerable skill as an oil-painter, especially in interiors, his pictures of the Chapel Royal at Windsor Castle and of Westminster Abbey be...
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Links (1)


Francesco Albani

bornactivedied
1578, Mar/Aug 171600-1650s1660, Oct 4
an Italian Baroque painter, known for paintings of mythological and poetic subjects. Among the best of his sacred subjects are a St Sebastian and an Assumption of the Virgin, both in the church of San Sebastiano fuori le Mura in Rome. He was among the Italian painters to devote himself to painting cabinet pictures.
Links (1)


Mariotto Albertinelli

bornactivedied
1474, Oct 131494-15101515, Nov 5
a High Renaissance Italian painter of the Florentine school, known for The Visitation (1503) and The Annunciation (1510). Mariotto was a most restless person and carnal in the affairs of love and apt to the art of living, and, taking a dislike to the studies and brain-wracking necessary to painting, being also often stung by the tongues of other painters, as...
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Links (1)


Balthasar Augustin Albrecht

bornactivedied
16871719-17651765
a German painter. Albrecht, who was born at Berg, near Aufkirchen in Bavaria, in 1687, was a pupil of Nikolaus Gottfried Stuber, and studied in Venice and Rome. On his return to Germany in 1719, he became popular as an historical painter, and was appointed court-painter and inspector of the Picture Gallery at Munich, where he died in 1765.
Links (1)


Heinrich Jacob Aldenrath

bornactivedied
1775, Feb 171814-18441844, Feb 25
a portrait painter, miniaturist, and lithographer. It is said that he painted the portrait of the King of Denmark no less than thirteen times. His lithographs include portraits of Friedrich Karl Gröger, the poets Klopstock and Count Stolberg, Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge, and his own self-portrait.
Links (1)


Cosmo Alexander

bornactivedied
17241747-17721772
a Scottish portrait painter. A supporter of James Edward Stuart's claim to the English and Scottish thrones, Alexander spent much of his life overseas following the defeat of the Jacobite cause in 1745. He was commissioned to paint Bonnie Prince Charlie, and continued to paint portraits of the exiled Jacobites as he traveled through Italy and then France ove...
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Links (2)


Francis Alexander

bornactivedied
1800, Feb 31833-1870s1880, Mar 27
an American portrait-painter. One of Alexander's best portraits is that of Mrs. Fletcher Webster, formerly in the Boston Museum of Fine Arts. This romantic portrait, in which the sitter appears swathed in ermine, was deaccessioned from the Museum early in the 20th century and returned to descendants in the Sargent family.
Links (3)


Juan de Alfaro y Gomez

bornactivedied
16431660s-1670s1680
a Spanish painter of the Baroque. He was born at Córdoba. He was first a pupil of Antonio del Castillo, but finished his studies at Madrid under Velázquez, whose manner he followed, particularly in portraits. He was employed by Velazquez in copying the works of Titian, Rubens, and Van Dyck. In the church of the Carmelites is an Incarnation and in the churc...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Writers

Marian Alford

borndied
18171888
an English artist, art patron, and author. She was an accomplished artist, inheriting her tastes from both her parents. She did not receive any regular education in art, but her drawings and paintings attained a high standard. For many years she collected materials for a history of needlework, which she published in 1886 under the title of Needlework as Art....
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Master of Alkmaar

bornactivedied
unknown1475-1515unknown
a Dutch painter active around Alkmaar at the beginning of the sixteenth century. His name is derived from a series of panel paintings from the church of Saint Lawrence in that city, dated to 1504 and showing the Seven Works of Mercy; they are currently in the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam.
Links (1)


Etienne Allegrain

aka: Étienne-Louis Boullée
bornactivedied
16441670s-17361736, Apr 2
a French topographical painter. Inspired by Nicolas Poussin, he evoked still ambiences and atmospherics bathed in a deep play of light and shade. His grand-son Christophe-Gabriel Allegrain becamea famous sculptor.
Links (1)


Alessandro Allori

bornactivedied
1535, May 311561-16071607, Sep 22
an Italian painter of the late Mannerist Florentine school His varied output included altarpieces, portraits, and tapestry designs. The Pearl Fishing (1570-1572) is generally considered his masterpiece
Links (1)


Cristofano Allori

bornactivedied
1577, Oct 171600s-16201621, Apr 1
an Italian portrait painter of the late Florentine Mannerist school. He became one of the foremost Florentine artists of the early Baroque period, also winning renown as a courtier, poet, musician and lover
Links (1)


Cross-listed in Writers

Washington Allston

bornactivedied
1779, Nov 51801-18411843, Jul 9
an American painter and poet, born in Waccamaw Parish, South Carolina. Allston pioneered America's Romantic movement of landscape painting. He was well known during his lifetime for his experiments with dramatic subject matter and his bold use of light and atmospheric color. In London in 1813, he published The Sylphs of the Seasons, with Other Poems, republi...
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Timeline (2)Links (11)Notes (1)


Marie-Alexandre Alophe

aka: Adolphe Menut
borndied
18121883, Aug 10
a French photographer, painter and lithographer. He received his artistic training from Camille Roqueplan and Paul Delaroche. His lithographs are characterized by a soft sensuality which caused him to accept the contemporary public. As a photographer it is distinguished mainly by genre scenes.
Links (1)


Ramon Marti Alsina

aka: Ramon Martí
bornactivedied
18261848-1880s1894
a Catalonian painter in the Realistic style. His first major exhibition was at the Exposición General de Bellas Artes of Barcelona in 1851. He became a corresponding member of the Reial Acadèmia Catalana de Belles Arts de Sant Jordi in 1855.
Links (1)


Denis van Alsloot

aka: Denijs van Alsloot, Denys van Alsloot, Denijs Van Alsloot
bornactivedied
1570 ca1599-16261626 ca
a Flemish landscape and genre painter and draughtsman. At the turn of the 17th century his career took off when he was appointed court painter to Albert and Isabella, the governors of the Spanish Netherlands. He became a painter to the elite and served a clientele of princes, courtesans and influential state officials.
Links (1)


Franz Alt

bornactivedied
18211840s-1880s1914
an Austrian watercolor landscape painter, son of Jakob Alt and the younger brother of Rudolf von Alt. Accompanied by friends and patrons, Franz Alt traveled all over Europe, the Netherlands and Russia. His style is very similar of that of his brother, Rudolf. His watercolors became property of the imperial houses in Vienna, London, St.Petersburg and now belo...
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Links (2)


Jakob Alt

bornactivedied
1789, Sep 271810s-1860s1872, Sep 30
a German painter and lithographer. He became noted as a landscape painter and made various journeys throughout Austria and Italy, painting, as he went along, views in the neighborhood of the Danube and in the city of Vienna. In later life Alt painted a lot in watercolor; he was also a lithographer.
Links (2)


Rudolf von Alt

bornactivedied
1812, Aug 281833-19051905, Mar 12
an Austrian landscape and architectural painter. Son of the lithographer Jakob Alt and the brother of the painter Franz Alt. Alt demonstrated a remarkable talent for expressing certain peculiarities in nature. He managed to paint nature authentically by focusing on the different hues of sky, the colour-tone of the air and the vegetation. His later works came...
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Links (1)


Karl Altmann

bornactivedied
18021850s1861, Jan 11
a Jewish-German painter. Altmann, son of Joseph Altmann, was born in Feuchtwangen and grew up in Ansbach. He studied painting in Munich and then at the Arts Academy Dresden, visited Italy, and settled down in Munich. Altmann's oil paintings show scenes of alpine life, robbers, poachers, smugglers, folk festivals and other topics. He also painted still lifes....
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Links (1)


Wilhelm Amberg

bornactivedied
1822, Feb 251840s-1890s1899, Sep 10
a German genre painter. He was educated by the painters Carl Joseph Begas in Berlin and Léon Cogniet in Paris (1845). After this he spent a couple of years in Rome. His paintings are characterized by humour and a poetic atmosphere.
Links (1)


Friedrich von Amerling

bornactivedied
1803, Apr 141828-1880s1887, Jan 14
an Austro-Hungarian portrait painter in the court of Franz Josef. Amerling created over 1000 works, mostly portraits. He was the most popular portrait painter of the high aristocracy and the large middle class of the Biedermeier period.
Links (1)


Ezra Ames

bornactivedied
1768, May 51795-18201836, Feb 23
a popular portrait painter in Albany, New York during the late 18th and early 19th centuries. More than 700 portraits have been attributed to him. It is not known whether Ames was formally trained or not, but his work had a popular appeal. In addition to portraits and landscapes, Ames' surviving accounts books indicated he painted miniatures, carriages, fire...
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Links (6)


Jacopo Amigoni

aka: Giacomo Amiconi
bornactivedied
16821717-17521752
an Italian painter of the late-Baroque or Rococo period, who began his career in Venice, but traveled and was prolific throughout Europe, where his sumptuous portraits were much in demand. His oeuvre includes decorative frescoes for churches and palaces, history and mythological paintings and a few etchings
Links (1)


Kaspar Amort

aka: Kaspar Amort the Elder
bornactivedied
16121642-16751675, Mar 7
a 17th century German painter, active in Munich. In 1642, following his return to Munich he was made court painter, and executed numerous works for the Residenz and for churches and monastic buildings, including an altarpiece (c.1655), showing the martyrdom of St Ursula and her companions, for the parish church of St Sylvester in Schwabing.
Links (1)


Jan van Amstel

bornactivedied
1500 ca1528-1530s1542 ca
a Dutch Northern Renaissance painter. Jan van Amstel was born in Amsterdam. In or before 1528, van Amstel moved to Antwerp; in that year he joined the city's Guild of Saint Luke. He married Adriane van Doornicke, who would after his death remarry and give birth in 1544 to the future painter Gillis van Coninxloo. He is also probably the older brother of Piete...
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Links (1)


Cross-listed in Writers

Virginie Ancelot

borndied
17921875
a French painter, writer and playwright. Ancelot was born to a parliamentary family in Dijon, and was married to playwright Jacques-François Ancelot. From 1824 to 1866 Ancelot hosted a literary salon on Paris's rue de Seine. Her plays were collected in four volumes and published as Theâtre complet in 1848. She published two memoirs: Les Salons de Paris, fo...
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Links (1)


Tobias Andreae

bornactivedied
18231853-18731873
a German landscape painter. born at Frankfort, studied under J. Becker, and then went to Munich, where he made the acquaintance of Rahl and Genelli. In 1853 he visited Italy, and painted landscapes, into which he occasionally introduced moonlight effects. Andreae died at Munich.
Links (1)


Hendrick Andriessen

aka: Mancken Heyn
bornactivedied
16071637-16551655
a Flemish Baroque still-life painter. Born in Antwerp; Died in Zeeland. He joined the Guild of St. Luke in Antwerp in 1637. He is known mainly as a still-life painter, and his still-life paintings mostly fall into the category of Vanitas.
Links (1)


Jurriaan Andriessen

bornactivedied
1742, Jul 121760s-1810s1819, Jul 31
an able artist in decorative painting; the decorations of the new theatre at Amsterdam were executed by him and Numan. His daughter later married the actor Coenraad van Hulst. Several distinguished modern Dutch painters are from his school. He was born and died at Amsterdam.
Links (1)


Cross-listed in Architects

Jacques Androuet du Cerceau

aka: Jacques I, DuCerceau, Ducerceau
bornactivedied
15101549-15791584
a well-known French designer of architecture, ornament, furniture, metalwork and other decorative designs during the 16th century, and the founder of the Androuet du Cerceau family. He introduced Renaissance architecture to France with the assistance of Pierre Lesco...
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Sofonisba Anguissola

aka: Sophonisba Angussola or Anguisciola
bornactivedied
1532 ca1569-16201625, Nov 16
an Italian Renaissance painter, mainly of portraits, born in Cremona to a noble family, but a relatively poor one. She received a well-rounded education, that included the fine arts, and her apprenticeship with local painters set a precedent for women to be accepted as students of art. She was the first woman artist to win international renown.
Links (13)


Pieter van Anraedt

bornactivedied
1635 ca1650s-16781678, Apr 13
a Dutch Golden Age painter of history scenes. Little is known about the circumstances of his life. He moved to Amsterdam in the rampjaar 1672, where he won a commission to paint the regents of the huiszitten house on the Oudezijds Voorburgwal, where he lived. This piece was highly admired and was known to Houbraken in 1718. Soon after painting this portrait,...
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Links (1)


Hermann Anschutz

aka: Anschütz
bornactivedied
1802, Oct 121820s-1870s1880, Aug 30
a German painter and professor at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts in Munich. He is associated with the Düsseldorf school of painting. Anschütz was born in Koblenz. It is traced that he lived in Munich around 1850. He died in Munich, where he was buried on the Old Southern Cemetery (Alter Südfriedhof).
Links (1)


Cornelis Anthonisz

borndied
1505 ca1553
a Dutch painter, engraver, and mapmaker. He is known mostly for his woodcuts, especially the Bird's eye view of Amsterdam, from 1544. This was printed in 12 blocks of wood, and was recopied and reprinted as an accurate map until well into the 17th century. Unfortunately, this became severely damaged in a fire in the Amsterdam city hall in 1652, but it was re...
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Jean Pierre Alexandre Antigna

bornactivedied
1817, Mar 171840s-1870s1878, Feb 26
a French painter. Born in Orleans; died in Paris. Until 1845 his paintings were generally religious scenes and portraits. Yet, after living in the poor quarter of the Île Saint-Louis in Paris he would incorporate images of the suffering and burden of urban poor into his works. By the 1848 Revolution Antigna was devoted to the Realist style, and continued to...
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Links (1)


Francisco Antolinez

aka: Antolínez
bornactivedied
16451660s-1690s1700
an historical and landscape painter, and studied in the school of Murillo, whose style and manner of colouring he followed. He was born at Seville, and was a nephew of Joseph Antolinez. He went to his uncle at Madrid in 1672; but notwithstanding his having already distinguished himself as a painter, he left the profession for literary pursuits. Being unsucce...
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Links (1)


Jose Claudio Antolinez

aka: José Claudio
bornactivedied
16351650s-16751675, May 30
a Spanish painter of the Baroque period. His "haughty character and sarcastic personality gained him many enemies among his contemporaries". Some note he played maddening jokes on his colleagues Claudio Coello and Cabezalero as well as Itizi, whom he called pai...
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Links (1)


Hendrik-Jozef Antonissen

bornactivedied
17371755-17921794
a Flemish painter of landscapes and cattle. Antonissen was born at Antwerp. He entered the studio of Balthazar Besohey in 1752-53, and three years later he was free of the Guild at Antwerp of which he was twice Dean. His works are mostly in private collections on the Continent. In the Stadel Gallery at Frankfort there is a 'Landscape with Cattle' by him; sig...
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Links (1)


Master of the Antwerp Adoration

bornactivedied
unknown1500-1520unknown
a Flemish painter. There is not much information available about his life. He was active in Antwerp and according to the RKD he was identified by Max J. Friedlander as the same person as the Master of Linnich. Little else is known.
Links (1)


Jose Aparicio

aka: José
bornactivedied
1773, Dec 161790s-1830s1838, May 10
a Spanish painter of the Neoclassic period. Born in Alicante and died in Madrid. His early training in Valencia and Madrid, then in Paris with Jacques-Louis David. He was named by Ferdinand VII as painter of the Royal chamber. He became director of the Royal Academy of San Fernando. Rafael Tejeo was one of his pupils.
Links (1)


Andrea Appiani

bornactivedied
1754, May 311776-18141817, Nov 8
an Italian neoclassical painter; fresco painter active in Milan and a court painter of Napoleon. During his period as court painter he rendered portraits of Napoleon and the chief personages of his regime, among the most graceful of which are his oil paintings Venus and Love, and Rinaldo in the garden of Armida.
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Ulrich Apt the Elder

bornactivedied
14601481-15321532
a German Late-Gothic painter. Apt was born in Augsburg, and lived and worked there all of his life. He became an independent master in 1481. He ran a workshop in Augsburg with his three sons Jacob, Ulrich Apt the Younger, and Michael, all artists, producing primarily religious themed works. He died in Augsburg.
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Cross-listed in ExplorersWriters

Jacques Arago

borndied
1790, Mar 61855, Nov 27
a French writer, artist and explorer, author of a Voyage Round the World. Jacques Arago joined Louis de Freycinet on his 1817 voyage around the world aboard the ship Uranie, which inspired his witty Voyage autour du monde. Although Arago lost his sight in 1837, he went on traveling and writing for the theater. In Curieux voyage autour du monde (1853), he tel...
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Giuseppe Arcimboldo

aka: Arcimboldi
bornactivedied
1526/271548-15931593, Jul 11
an Italian painter, famous for his allegorical or symbolical compositions in which he arranged objects such as fruits, vegetables, flowers, fish, and books into the form of the human face
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Cross-listed in Architects

Teodoro Ardemans

bornactivedied
1661 ca1702-17261726
a Spanish architect and painter. He was a disciple of the painter Claudio Coello, although he mainly practiced architecture; the municipality of Toledo named him master of the Cathedral of Toledo.
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Juan de Arellano

bornactivedied
1614, Aug 31640s-16761676, Oct 13
a Spanish painter of the Baroque era who specialized in floral still life paintings. Born in Santorcaz, near Madrid, where he died. Heavily influenced by Flemish artists and Italian painters, Juan de Arellano was considered to be exceptional in this subject matter. According to one of his colleagues, de Arellano decided to focus exclusively on floral paintin...
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Arent Arentsz

aka: Cabel
bornactivedied
15861600s-16311631, Aug
a Dutch Golden Age landscape painter. Arentsz was born and died in Amsterdam. According to the RKD he signed his works with the monogram AA. He is known for summer and winter landscapes, mostly of hunting and fishing scenes. He was influenced by the landscape painter Hendrick Avercamp, but their works can be easily told apart. Some of his works can be seen a...
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Cross-listed in Performers

Robert Armin

borndied
1563 ca1615, Nov
an English actor, a member of the Lord Chamberlain's Men. He became the leading comedy actor with the troupe associated with William Shakespeare following the departure of Will Kempe around 1600. Also a popular comic author, he wrote a comedy, The History of the Two Maids of More-clacke, as well as Foole upon Foole, A Nest of Ninnies (16...
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Edward Armitage

bornactivedied
1817, May 201840s-18941896, May 24
an English Victorian-era painter whose work focused on historical, classical and biblical subjects. Armitage won one of the first-class premiums in 1847 for his oil painting The Battle of Meanee, which was subsequently purchased by Queen Victoria. In 1848 Armitage ex...
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Johann Samuel Arnhold

bornactivedied
1766, Dec 221780s-1820s1828, Jan 1
a German painter. He was born at Heinitz, a village near Meissen, and studied in the Art School of the Porcelain factory of Meissen, of which he subsequently became professor. He was also court painter in Dresden. He painted in oil and water-colours, and on porcelain and enamel. His pictures sometimes represented landscapes and hunting scenes, but he is chie...
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Cross-listed in Architects

Ferdinand von Arnim

bornactivedied
1814, Sep 151839-18661866, Mar 23
a German architect and watercolour-painter. He became a member of the Berlin Architects' Association in 1839. From 1840 he worked as site foreman under Ludwig Persius; in 1844 he was a building surveyor and in 1845 he opened his own practice, with an aristocratic clientele.
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Heinrich Gotthold Arnold

bornactivedied
17851800s-18541854
a German artist. Arnold was born in 1785 at Lamütz, near Radeberg in Saxony. He was a pupil of Schubert, and studied the works of Titian, Guido Reni, and other great masters in the Dresden Gallery. He painted portraits and sacred subjects for churches. He was a professor at the Academy of Dresden. He died in Dresden in 1854.
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Isidoro Arredondo

bornactivedied
1655 ca1670s-17021702
an eminent Spanish painter, was born at Colmenar de Oreja. He painted history with much success, and in 1685 he was appointed painter to Charles II of Spain. One of his principal works was a large picture of the 'Incarnation,' which Palomino mentions as a very grand composition along with Santa Clara (Saint Clare) (1693) and Santa Gertrudis (Saint Gertrude)....
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Cross-listed in WritersScientists

Francisco de Artiga

bornactivedied
16501670s-17111711
an engraver, an architect, a mathematician, and an author of reputation. He painted several 'Sibyls,' 'Conceptions,' and perspective views, remarkable for their invention, design, and colouring.
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Cross-listed in Architects

Cosmas Damian Asam

bornactivedied
1686, Sep 291713-17341739, May 10
a German painter and architect during the late Baroque period. Brother of sculptor Egid Quirin Asam. The Asam Brothers, singularly and together, were very prolific artists.
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Cross-listed in Sculptors

Egid Quirin Asam

borndied
1692, Aug1750, Apr 29
a German plasterer and sculptor active during the period of the Late Baroque. Born in Tegernsee, Bavaria, Asam worked mainly together with his brother, the architect and painter Cosmas Damian Asam. Because of this, their common work is often attributed to the Asam Brothers. Asam died in Mannheim. The Asam Brothers, singularly and together, were very prolific...
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Jan Asselijn

bornactivedied
1610 ca1630s-16511652, Oct 1
a Dutch Golden Age painter. He was one of the first Dutch painters who introduced a fresh and clear manner of painting landscapes in the style of Claude Lorraine, and his example was speedily followed by other artists. Asselijn's pictures were in high estimation at Amsterdam, and several of them are in the museums of that city. Twenty-four, painted in Italy,...
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Bartholomeus Assteyn

bornactivedied
16071631-16691669-1677 ca
a Dutch painter. Bartholomeus Assteyn was the son of a painter from Ghent, Abraham Bartholomeusz. In the year 1631 he became a member in the Dordrecht’s Saint Lukas painter guild. Assteyn lived with his family in Vriesestraat. In 1651 he was registered as an accountant for the local painter brotherhood. His exact death date is not known; his last authentic...
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Cross-listed in Scientists

John James Audubon

bornactivedied
1785, Apr 261803-18511851, Jan 27
an American ornithologist, naturalist, and painter. He was notable for his extensive studies documenting all types of American birds and for his detailed illustrations that depicted the birds in their natural habitats. His major work, a color-plate book entitled The Birds of America (1827–1839), is considered one of the finest ornithological works e...
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Johann Paul Auer

bornactivedied
16361660-16871687
a German artist. born at Nuremberg, studied from 1654 to 1658 under Georg Christoph Eimmart at Ratisbon. In 1660 he went to Venice, and there received instructions from Pietro Liberi. He then went to Rome, where he stayed upwards of four years, and thence through Turin and Lyons to Paris, and so home to Nuremberg in 1670. He painted historical, landscape, an...
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Jules Robert Auguste

bornactivedied
17891810s-18501850, Apr 15
a French painter associated with Romanticism and classicism. His travels in Greece, Egypt, and Morocco made him one of the first painters of Orientalism. Eugène Delacroix used some souvenirs he brought back from his travels to compose his first Orientalist paintings. He also exceled in watercolors and pastels.
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Jacques André Joseph Camellot Aved

aka: le Camelot (The Hawker), Avet le Batave (The Dutch Avet)
bornactivedied
1702, Jan 121721-17661766, Mar 4
a French painter of the 18th century and one of the main French Rococo portraitists. , was a French painter of the 18th century and one of the main French Rococo portraitists. He painted among others the Ottoman Empire ambassador to France in 1742, Yirmisekizzade Mehmed Said Efendi.
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Barent Avercamp

aka: Barend Avercamp
bornactivedied
16121630s-1670s1679, Oct
a Dutch painter. Avercamp was born in Kampen and was taught by his uncle Hendrick Avercamp, who was also a painter. Barent primarily painted scenes depicting Netherlands in winter. He was a member of the Guild of Saint Luke, and traveled around the Netherlands including Zwolle and Zutphen for his settings and inspiration.
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Hendrick Avercamp

bornactivedied
1585, Jan1608-16341634, May
a Dutch painter. Avercamp was born in Amsterdam. In 1608 he moved from Amsterdam to Kampen in the province of Overijssel. Avercamp was mute and was known as "de Stomme van Kampen" (the mute of Kampen). As one of the first landscape painters of the 17th-century Dutch school, he specialized in painting the Netherlands in winter. Avercamp's paintings are colorf...
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Links (1)


Pieter van Avont

aka: Peeter van Avont
bornactivedied
16001620s-16521652
a Flemish painter, draughtsman and printmaker during the Baroque era. Van Avont painted together with Jan Brueghel the Elder, David Vinckboons, Lucas van Uden and Jan Wildens among others. Around 1622/3, he became master of the Guild of Saint Luke in Antwerp and became a citizen of that city in 1631.
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