a landscape painter who was born in Hamburg. He worked originally at historical subjects, and painted the altar-piece, Suffer Little Children to come unto Me, for St. Catharine's Church at Hamburg. On his journey to Italy in company with J. A. Koch and Reinhardt, he was induced to adopt landscape painting, in which line he is best known. The Berlin Gallery c...

a landscape painter who was born in Hamburg. He worked originally at historical subjects, and painted the altar-piece, Suffer Little Children to come unto Me, for St. Catharine's Church at Hamburg. On his journey to Italy in company with J. A. Koch and Reinhardt, he was induced to adopt landscape painting, in which line he is best known. The Berlin Gallery contains a View of the Capuchin Monastery, near Naples, by him (1830). He died in Hamburg in 1846.

a painter and an officer in the army of the Kingdom of Württemberg. He first devoted himself to painting, but subsequently became a soldier, and as a lieutenant in the 25th Division (the Württemberg unit) of the III Corps of Napoleon's Grande Armée, served in the French invasion of Russia, which he sketched as it progressed. His sketches were exhibited in...

a painter and an officer in the army of the Kingdom of Württemberg. He first devoted himself to painting, but subsequently became a soldier, and as a lieutenant in the 25th Division (the Württemberg unit) of the III Corps of Napoleon's Grande Armée, served in the French invasion of Russia, which he sketched as it progressed. His sketches were exhibited in 1816, and subsequently he used them to produce color plates, and then in 1831-44 published some of them

a Dutch painter. Fabritius was born at Middenbeemster, North Holland, the son of Pieter Carelsz. Fabritius. He studied with his brothers Johannes and Carel Fabritius, and probably with Rembrandt as well. He was a painter of biblical subjects (The three angels before...

a Dutch painter. Fabritius was born at Middenbeemster, North Holland, the son of Pieter Carelsz. Fabritius. He studied with his brothers Johannes and Carel Fabritius, and probably with Rembrandt as well. He was a painter of biblical subjects (The three angels before Abraham, The presentation in the temple), mythical and historical scenes, in addition to expressive portraits. He died in Amsterdam.

a Dutch painter. He was a pupil of Rembrandt and worked in his studio in Amsterdam. Fabritius, who was a member of the Delft School, developed his own artistic style and experimented with perspective and lighting. Among his works are A View of Delft (1652), The Gold...

a Dutch painter. He was a pupil of Rembrandt and worked in his studio in Amsterdam. Fabritius, who was a member of the Delft School, developed his own artistic style and experimented with perspective and lighting. Among his works are A View of Delft (1652), The Goldfinch (1654), and The Sentry (1654).

a painter in the Bishopric of Paderborn, von Fürstenberg commissioned Fabritius to paint 63 landscape paintings of the towns and villages in his diocese from 1664 to 1667. The paintings were commissioned for display at the prince-bishop's residence Neuhaus near Paderborn. Carl Ferdinand Fabritius was born in Warsaw but lived in Vienna from 1659 to his death...

a painter in the Bishopric of Paderborn, von Fürstenberg commissioned Fabritius to paint 63 landscape paintings of the towns and villages in his diocese from 1664 to 1667. The paintings were commissioned for display at the prince-bishop's residence Neuhaus near Paderborn. Carl Ferdinand Fabritius was born in Warsaw but lived in Vienna from 1659 to his death in 1673.

a German portrait painter. Born at Berlin in 1709, Falbe was instructed by Harper and A. Pesne. Several etchings after Rembrandt, or in the style of that master, which are attributed to him, and some of which are signed with Falbe's monogram, are in existence. In 17...

a German portrait painter. Born at Berlin in 1709, Falbe was instructed by Harper and A. Pesne. Several etchings after Rembrandt, or in the style of that master, which are attributed to him, and some of which are signed with Falbe's monogram, are in existence. In 1764 he was elected a member of the Academy at Berlin, in which city he died in 1782.

an Italian painter and engraver, citizen of the Republic of Venice. He was born in Asolo, province of Treviso, and was active in Venice. He trained under a landscape painter named Antonio Luciani, and learned engraving with a burin from Egidio Sadeler, then Claude Mellan. He created a series of portraits of the Doges of Venice and procurators of St Mark and ...

an Italian painter and engraver, citizen of the Republic of Venice. He was born in Asolo, province of Treviso, and was active in Venice. He trained under a landscape painter named Antonio Luciani, and learned engraving with a burin from Egidio Sadeler, then Claude Mellan. He created a series of portraits of the Doges of Venice and procurators of St Mark and Knights of the Star of Gold. He engraved a series of paintings, portraits, and busts of Roman Emperors for Anton Maria Zanetti the Elder.

a Flemish painter, specialising in hunting and hawking scenes. Falens was born in Antwerp. He lived most of his life in France, where he was made a member of the Académie royale in 1726. Many of his compositions base their harmony, pictorial details, vivid and vibrant colours, and texture on the great Flemish master Philips Wouwerman. Works by Van Falens ca...

a Flemish painter, specialising in hunting and hawking scenes. Falens was born in Antwerp. He lived most of his life in France, where he was made a member of the Académie royale in 1726. Many of his compositions base their harmony, pictorial details, vivid and vibrant colours, and texture on the great Flemish master Philips Wouwerman. Works by Van Falens can now be seen in the National Museum in Warsaw, the Louvre in Paris, the City Museum in Dresden, the Hermitage Museum in Saint Petersburg and the Filangieri collection in Naples. He died in Paris.

a 19th-century Dutch painter. According to the RKD he learned to paint from Jacobus Everhardus Josephus van den Berg and studied at the Akademie van beeldende kunsten in the Hague during the years 1853-1854. He travelled to Egypt in 1858-1860 and was in Brussels 1872-1885. He became a member of the artist society Schilder- en teekengenootschap Kunstliefde in...

a 19th-century Dutch painter. According to the RKD he learned to paint from Jacobus Everhardus Josephus van den Berg and studied at the Akademie van beeldende kunsten in the Hague during the years 1853-1854. He travelled to Egypt in 1858-1860 and was in Brussels 1872-1885. He became a member of the artist society Schilder- en teekengenootschap Kunstliefde in Utrecht. His daughter Marie Madelaine de Famars Testas also became a painter.

a Dutch painter, etcher and draftsman. La Fargue was born into an artistic family. He iinitially made room wallpaper. He worked on behalf of the Hague art dealer Gerard Huet. Later he specialized in drawing and painting cityscapes and landscapes, primarily landscapes in The Hague and Rotterdam until 1770. After this year he painted places in and around Delft...

a Dutch painter, etcher and draftsman. La Fargue was born into an artistic family. He iinitially made room wallpaper. He worked on behalf of the Hague art dealer Gerard Huet. Later he specialized in drawing and painting cityscapes and landscapes, primarily landscapes in The Hague and Rotterdam until 1770. After this year he painted places in and around Delft, Haarlem, Leiden and Amsterdam. He also gained fame through his copies of old masters, including Jacob van Ruisdael. Besides landscapes he also painted historical images, portraits and genre works.

an Italian artist, one of the leaders of the group known as the Macchiaioli. He was initially a painter of historical themes and military subjects. In his middle years, inspired by the Barbizon school, he became one of the leading Italian plein-airists, painting landscapes, rural scenes, and scenes of military life. After 1884, he devoted much energy to etch...

an Italian artist, one of the leaders of the group known as the Macchiaioli. He was initially a painter of historical themes and military subjects. In his middle years, inspired by the Barbizon school, he became one of the leading Italian plein-airists, painting landscapes, rural scenes, and scenes of military life. After 1884, he devoted much energy to etching.

a German painter. He attended from 1833 to 1841 the Academy at Düsseldorf, and afterwards studied at Munich, and at Paris under Paul Delaroche. He first painted historical subjects, and had a happy talent in representing scenes from the life and manners of the old Germans. Not meeting with sufficient encouragement, he changed his style for genre painting, f...

a German painter. He attended from 1833 to 1841 the Academy at Düsseldorf, and afterwards studied at Munich, and at Paris under Paul Delaroche. He first painted historical subjects, and had a happy talent in representing scenes from the life and manners of the old Germans. Not meeting with sufficient encouragement, he changed his style for genre painting, for which purpose he visited Italy. He depicted scenes in Italian life. He is associated with the Düsseldorf school of painting.

a portrait and historical painter, born in Dresden. He studied under Mengs, Manjocky, and Hutin, first portrait painting, and then miniature. In the Seven Years' War Maria Theresa commissioned him to paint the portraits of the generals engaged in that campaign ...

a portrait and historical painter, born in Dresden. He studied under Mengs, Manjocky, and Hutin, first portrait painting, and then miniature. In the Seven Years' War Maria Theresa commissioned him to paint the portraits of the generals engaged in that campaign for the Military School at Vienna. Fechhelm died at Dresden

a German painter, born at Sangerhausen, in Thuringia, was instructed by Bottschildt, to whom he was related. After having lived several years in Italy, he was appointed court-painter to the Elector John George IV, and became director of the Academy and inspector of the Art Galleries at Dresden, where he died. In the Dresden Gallery is a portrait by him of Co...

a German painter, born at Sangerhausen, in Thuringia, was instructed by Bottschildt, to whom he was related. After having lived several years in Italy, he was appointed court-painter to the Elector John George IV, and became director of the Academy and inspector of the Art Galleries at Dresden, where he died. In the Dresden Gallery is a portrait by him of Colonel Wolf Caspar von Klengel, and a number of painted ceilings remain as specimens of his art in the palaces of that city

an American portrait painter born in Oyster Bay, Long Island, New York. According to art historian Richard Saunders, "Feke’s impact on the development of Colonial painting was substantial, and his pictures set a new standard by which the work of the next generation of aspiring Colonial artists was judged." In total, about 60 paintings by Feke survive, twel...

an American portrait painter born in Oyster Bay, Long Island, New York. According to art historian Richard Saunders, "Feke’s impact on the development of Colonial painting was substantial, and his pictures set a new standard by which the work of the next generation of aspiring Colonial artists was judged." In total, about 60 paintings by Feke survive, twelve of which are signed and dated.

a pioneering British photographer, one of the first war photographers. Fenton visited the Great Exhibition in Hyde Park in London in 1851 and was impressed by the photography on display there. He then visited Paris to learn the waxed paper calotype process, most likely from Gustave Le Gray who had modified the methods employed by more

a pioneering British photographer, one of the first war photographers. Fenton visited the Great Exhibition in Hyde Park in London in 1851 and was impressed by the photography on display there. He then visited Paris to learn the waxed paper calotype process, most likely from Gustave Le Gray who had modified the methods employed by Henry Fox Talbot, its inventor. By 1852 he had photographs exhibited in Britain, and travelled to Kiev, Moscow and St. Petersburg, and also photographed views and architecture around Britain. His published call for the setting up of a photographic society was answered in 1853 with the establishment of the Photographic Society, with Fenton as founder and first Secretary. It later became the Royal Photographic Society under the patronage of Prince Albert.

a Scottish astronomer, instrument and globe maker. It is, as the inventor and improver of astronomical and other scientific apparatus, that he claims a place among the most remarkable men of science of his country. In 1734 he went to Edinburgh, where he began to make portraits in miniature, by which means, while engaged in his scientific studies, he support...

a Scottish astronomer, instrument and globe maker. It is, as the inventor and improver of astronomical and other scientific apparatus, that he claims a place among the most remarkable men of science of his country. In 1734 he went to Edinburgh, where he began to make portraits in miniature, by which means, while engaged in his scientific studies, he supported himself and his family for many years.

born at Madrid in 1606, and brought up in the school of Vincenzo Carducho, was one of the most ingenious artists of his time, and his talent gained great reputation for him at an early age. He was employed by Philip IV in the palaces at Madrid, and in the convent of La Victoria are pictures by him of the Death of St. Francis of Paola, and St. Joachim and St....

born at Madrid in 1606, and brought up in the school of Vincenzo Carducho, was one of the most ingenious artists of his time, and his talent gained great reputation for him at an early age. He was employed by Philip IV in the palaces at Madrid, and in the convent of La Victoria are pictures by him of the Death of St. Francis of Paola, and St. Joachim and St. Anne. He also etched five spirited plates of allegories for Carducho's Dialogos de la Pintura, 1633. He was killed in a quarrel by Francisco de Baras in 1646

a Northern Italian painter and sculptor of the Renaissance, one of the leading representatives of the Lombard school. His initial pictorial style may be considered as derived mainly from the old Milanese school, which had imbibed the classic influence of Leonardo and pupils such as Bramantino. However, the provincial impetus was also strong, as is demonstrat...

a Northern Italian painter and sculptor of the Renaissance, one of the leading representatives of the Lombard school. His initial pictorial style may be considered as derived mainly from the old Milanese school, which had imbibed the classic influence of Leonardo and pupils such as Bramantino. However, the provincial impetus was also strong, as is demonstrated in his emotive work at the Sacro Monte of Varallo.

an Italian Baroque painter active mainly in Rome, Mantua and Venice. In the 1620s–30s, he helped to implement the first influences of Roman Baroque style. He adapted some of the rich coloration of Venice but adapted it to Caravaggio-influenced realism and monumen...

an Italian Baroque painter active mainly in Rome, Mantua and Venice. In the 1620s–30s, he helped to implement the first influences of Roman Baroque style. He adapted some of the rich coloration of Venice but adapted it to Caravaggio-influenced realism and monumentality. In Venice , Fetti changed his style: his formalised painting style became more painterly and colourful. In addition, he devoted attention to smaller cabinet pieces that adapt genre imaging to religious stories.

a portrait painter born in Pirna. He studied in Paris under Rigaud and Largillière. As court-painter at Darmstadt, he executed the portraits of a number of distinguished personages. Among his productions in the Gallery of that town are The Burial of Christ, The Seasons, some portraits, among which is the artist himself, and some fruit and fish pieces. He di...

a portrait painter born in Pirna. He studied in Paris under Rigaud and Largillière. As court-painter at Darmstadt, he executed the portraits of a number of distinguished personages. Among his productions in the Gallery of that town are The Burial of Christ, The Seasons, some portraits, among which is the artist himself, and some fruit and fish pieces. He died in Darmstadt.

an American folk art painter of portraits, landscapes, and history pictures. By the age of nineteen, Field had displayed sufficient talent in sketching portraits to be admitted as a student at the studio of Samuel F. B. Morse in New York. Morse closed his studio some three months later, and Field returned to Leverett in 1825. His earliest known painting is a...

an American folk art painter of portraits, landscapes, and history pictures. By the age of nineteen, Field had displayed sufficient talent in sketching portraits to be admitted as a student at the studio of Samuel F. B. Morse in New York. Morse closed his studio some three months later, and Field returned to Leverett in 1825. His earliest known painting is a portrait of his grandmother, Elizabeth Billings Ashley, painted around 1826. Field married Phebe Gilmur in Ware, Massachusetts, in 1831. They had one daughter, born in 1832. Field made a good living as a limner or itinerant portrait painter in the 1830s, traveling in western Massachusetts and the Connecticut Valley.

a painter who was born in London, England, and died in Kingston, Jamaica. He was one of America’s leading miniaturists. Along with being the most important painter in Nova Scotia at the beginning of the 19th century, at this time, Field was probably the most professionally trained painter to settle in Canada. Daphne Foskett in A Dictionary of British Minia...

a painter who was born in London, England, and died in Kingston, Jamaica. He was one of America’s leading miniaturists. Along with being the most important painter in Nova Scotia at the beginning of the 19th century, at this time, Field was probably the most professionally trained painter to settle in Canada. Daphne Foskett in A Dictionary of British Miniature Painters (1972) wrote that Field was, "one of the best American miniaturists of his time." He worked in the conventional neo-classic portrait style of Henry Raeburn and Gilbert Stuart.

an English painter born in Sowerby, near Halifax and famous for his watercolour landscapes. At an early age Fielding became a pupil of John Varley. In 1810 he became an associate exhibitor in the Old Water-colour Society, in 1813 a full member and in 1831 President of that body (later known as the Royal Society of Watercolours), until his death. In 1824 he w...

an English painter born in Sowerby, near Halifax and famous for his watercolour landscapes. At an early age Fielding became a pupil of John Varley. In 1810 he became an associate exhibitor in the Old Water-colour Society, in 1813 a full member and in 1831 President of that body (later known as the Royal Society of Watercolours), until his death. In 1824 he won a gold medal at the Paris Salon alongside Richard Parkes Bonington and John Constable. He also engaged largely in teaching the art and made ample profits.

an English painter and lithographer. He exhibited at the Society of Painters in Water-colours, showing some landscapes in 1815, and cattle pieces in 1818. He is best known for his paintings and engravings of animals. In 1836 he published in London a set of Subjects after Nature, and in Paris he published sets of lithographs of animals, and illustrations to v...

an English painter and lithographer. He exhibited at the Society of Painters in Water-colours, showing some landscapes in 1815, and cattle pieces in 1818. He is best known for his paintings and engravings of animals. In 1836 he published in London a set of Subjects after Nature, and in Paris he published sets of lithographs of animals, and illustrations to various works. He also published: Three Hundred Lessons; or, a Year's Instruction in Landscape Drawing, including Marine Subjects, with Hints on Perspective, (1852); Lessons on Fortification, with Plates, (1853); A Dictionary of Colour, containing Seven Hundred and Fifty Tints, to which is prefixed a Grammar of Colour, (1854), among others.

an English watercolour painter. He was an associate exhibitor of the Royal Society of Painters in Water-colours, and for some years teacher of drawing at the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich. He seems to have first exhibited at the British Institution in 1816, sending ‘A View of Saddleback, Cumberland,’ but there is some difficulty at first in distingui...

an English watercolour painter. He was an associate exhibitor of the Royal Society of Painters in Water-colours, and for some years teacher of drawing at the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich. He seems to have first exhibited at the British Institution in 1816, sending ‘A View of Saddleback, Cumberland,’ but there is some difficulty at first in distinguishing his works from those of his elder brother, Theodore H. A. Fielding. He exhibited numerous landscapes and cattle-pieces, mostly compositions, at the Royal Academy and at the British Institution. His last picture, in 1837, was ‘A View of Caerphilly Castle, Glamorganshire.’ He also painted portraits.

an English painter, engraver, and author. Like his brothers Copley and Thales he painted in watercolours, and in 1799 sent to the Royal Academy A View of the North Tyne, near Billingham, Northumberland. In 1814 he sent to the British Institution A Sleeping Bacchus. He continued to exhibit at both exhibitions, but it is sometimes difficult to distinguish his...

an English painter, engraver, and author. Like his brothers Copley and Thales he painted in watercolours, and in 1799 sent to the Royal Academy A View of the North Tyne, near Billingham, Northumberland. In 1814 he sent to the British Institution A Sleeping Bacchus. He continued to exhibit at both exhibitions, but it is sometimes difficult to distinguish his works from those of his younger brother, Thales Fielding. Fielding published several works on the technical aspects of art.

a Flemish painter. Finson, who enjoyed much success during his lifetime, primarily painted on religious themes; he produced a number of altarpieces. He also was an art dealer; he notably owned two paintings by Caravaggio, one of them being the Madonna of the Rosary,...

a Flemish painter. Finson, who enjoyed much success during his lifetime, primarily painted on religious themes; he produced a number of altarpieces. He also was an art dealer; he notably owned two paintings by Caravaggio, one of them being the Madonna of the Rosary, now in the Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna.

an Italian Mannerist painter, in oil and fresco, belonging to the Florentine school. Rosso's reputation, along those of other stylized late Renaissance Florentines, was long out of favour in comparison to other more naturalistic and graceful contemporaries, but has revived considerably in recent decades. That his masterpiece is in a small city, away from the...

an Italian Mannerist painter, in oil and fresco, belonging to the Florentine school. Rosso's reputation, along those of other stylized late Renaissance Florentines, was long out of favour in comparison to other more naturalistic and graceful contemporaries, but has revived considerably in recent decades. That his masterpiece is in a small city, away from the tourist track, was a factor in this, especially before the arrival of photography. His poses are certainly contorted, and his figures often appear haggard and thin, but his work has considerable power.

a German painter and historian of art. In 1781 he removed to Göttingen, occupied himself as a drawingmaster, and was named in 1784 keeper of the collection of prints at the university library. He was appointed professor extraordinary in the philosophical faculty in 1799, and ordinary professor at Göttingen University in 1813. During this period he had made...

a German painter and historian of art. In 1781 he removed to Göttingen, occupied himself as a drawingmaster, and was named in 1784 keeper of the collection of prints at the university library. He was appointed professor extraordinary in the philosophical faculty in 1799, and ordinary professor at Göttingen University in 1813. During this period he had made himself known as a writer

a German painter born at Oberstorf, Algäu. He was at first a cow-herd, but being assisted by Ch. Schraudolf, he studied at the Academy at Munich under Schlotthauer, and visited Italy in 1832 and 1843. During this time he executed cartoons under H. Hess for the glass-paintings of the Auerkirche, representing The Flight into Egypt, Death of the Virgin, Burial...

a German painter born at Oberstorf, Algäu. He was at first a cow-herd, but being assisted by Ch. Schraudolf, he studied at the Academy at Munich under Schlotthauer, and visited Italy in 1832 and 1843. During this time he executed cartoons under H. Hess for the glass-paintings of the Auerkirche, representing The Flight into Egypt, Death of the Virgin, Burial of the Virgin, Christ in the Temple, The Three Kings, The Angel's Salutation, The Marriage of the Virgin, and The Prophecy of Simeon in the Temple. He was a follower of Fra Angelico, and painted from 1844 to 1848 the cartoons for eight glass-paintings for the cathedral at Cologne. Several beautiful pen-and-ink drawings by this artist are in different collections, especially in Munich, where he died.

a German painter. He painted miniature portraits of Queen Charlotte and the junior members of the royal family, and was employed by the Prince Regent to paint a series of military costumes. In 1817 he began to exhibit at the Royal Academy, and continued to do so up to 1852, occasionally contributing also to the Suffolk Street Exhibitions. His works were chie...

a German painter. He painted miniature portraits of Queen Charlotte and the junior members of the royal family, and was employed by the Prince Regent to paint a series of military costumes. In 1817 he began to exhibit at the Royal Academy, and continued to do so up to 1852, occasionally contributing also to the Suffolk Street Exhibitions. His works were chiefly portraits in miniature, but he occasionally exhibited landscapes in watercolours.

one of the United States's pioneers in landscape painting and genre works. Fisher traveled throughout the northeastern United States searching out sites of landscape beauty such as the views of Springfield, Hartford, and Providence and the spectacular scenery of the White Mountains of New Hampshire. He sketched outdoors and began to compose pastoral scenes i...

one of the United States's pioneers in landscape painting and genre works. Fisher traveled throughout the northeastern United States searching out sites of landscape beauty such as the views of Springfield, Hartford, and Providence and the spectacular scenery of the White Mountains of New Hampshire. He sketched outdoors and began to compose pastoral scenes in his studio before others of the Hudson River School gave serious attention to nature.

an American painter of historical scenes and genre pictures. He was the brother of the artist Jared Bradley Flagg. Both Flagg brothers studied painting under their uncle, Washington Allston. Later in life, George Flagg studied theology and entered the ministr...

an American painter of historical scenes and genre pictures. He was the brother of the artist Jared Bradley Flagg. Both Flagg brothers studied painting under their uncle, Washington Allston. Later in life, George Flagg studied theology and entered the ministry, but eventually he would returned to painting, mainly portraiture, during his declining years. Painting from a small studio next to this home. Above the fireplace in the upstairs bedroom, Mr. Flagg painted the following: "He That Maketh Haste To Be Rich Shall Not Be Innocent", which remains above the fireplace to this day.

an American painter from New Haven, Connecticut. He was the younger brother of artists George Whiting Flagg and Henry Collins Flagg III. His father, Henry Collins Flagg, was a one time mayor of New Haven. The Flagg brothers all studied painting under their famous uncle, more

an American painter from New Haven, Connecticut. He was the younger brother of artists George Whiting Flagg and Henry Collins Flagg III. His father, Henry Collins Flagg, was a one time mayor of New Haven. The Flagg brothers all studied painting under their famous uncle, Washington Allston, and received some recognition of their own. When he was only sixteen years old, Jared exhibited a portrait of his father in the National Academy and was favorably noticed by the critics. As a young man, Flagg settled in Hartford, Connecticut. However, he moved to New York in 1849 and was soon elected an academician. Jared pursued the study of theology at intervals with his art, and, in 1854, he entered the ministry of the Protestant Episcopal Church.

a German landscape painter. Albert Flamm was born at Cologne. He was a pupil of Andreas Achenbach at the Kunstakademie Düsseldorf, where he settled after traveling in Italy. He is associated with the Düsseldorf school of painting. His pictures, the subjects of which were chosen almost exclusively from Italian scenery, command attention by their truthfulnes...

a German landscape painter. Albert Flamm was born at Cologne. He was a pupil of Andreas Achenbach at the Kunstakademie Düsseldorf, where he settled after traveling in Italy. He is associated with the Düsseldorf school of painting. His pictures, the subjects of which were chosen almost exclusively from Italian scenery, command attention by their truthfulness to nature, careful execution, and bright and varied effects of color.

a German painter, best known for his still life works. Flegel was born in Olmütz (Olomouc), Moravia. Around 1580 he moved to Vienna, where he became an assistant to Lucas van Valckenborch I, a painter and draughtsman. Flegel and his employer later moved to Frankfurt, which at the time was an important art-dealing city. As an assistant, he inserted items suc...

a German painter, best known for his still life works. Flegel was born in Olmütz (Olomouc), Moravia. Around 1580 he moved to Vienna, where he became an assistant to Lucas van Valckenborch I, a painter and draughtsman. Flegel and his employer later moved to Frankfurt, which at the time was an important art-dealing city. As an assistant, he inserted items such as fruit, flowers, and table utensils into Valckenborch's works.

a German painter who lived and worked in New Orleans. He studied painting in Paris with Anne-Louis Girodet. In 1833, he and his wife, Marie Louis Tetu, immigrated to cosmopolitan New Orleans, thus joining the community of international painters seeking fame in Louisiana. His paintings show a French academic style as well as a sweetness and charm common to 19...

a German painter who lived and worked in New Orleans. He studied painting in Paris with Anne-Louis Girodet. In 1833, he and his wife, Marie Louis Tetu, immigrated to cosmopolitan New Orleans, thus joining the community of international painters seeking fame in Louisiana. His paintings show a French academic style as well as a sweetness and charm common to 19th-century German painting. With the invention of the daguerreotype in 1839, Fleischbein also worked as an early photographer, an enterprise in which his wife took part.

a Liège Baroque painter. The son of a glass painter, he was instructed in his art by Henri Trippet and Gerard Douffet successively. He visited Rome in 1638, and was invited by the Duke of Tuscany to Florence and employed in decorating one of his galleries. Thence he moved to Paris where he carried out some elaborate decorative work at Versailles and painted...

a Liège Baroque painter. The son of a glass painter, he was instructed in his art by Henri Trippet and Gerard Douffet successively. He visited Rome in 1638, and was invited by the Duke of Tuscany to Florence and employed in decorating one of his galleries. Thence he moved to Paris where he carried out some elaborate decorative work at Versailles and painted for the sacristy of the church of the Augustinians. He returned to Liège in 1647 and executed many paintings for the churches of his native town. In 1670 he was invited to return to Paris, and painted the ceiling of the audience room in the Tuileries. Louis XIV made him a professor of the Royal Academy of Paris.

a Flemish painter mainly known for his history paintings and portraits. He was a leading figure in the movement in Northern Renaissance painting referred to as Romanism. The Romanists had typically travelled to Italy to study the works of leading Italian High Renaissance artists such as more

a Flemish painter mainly known for his history paintings and portraits. He was a leading figure in the movement in Northern Renaissance painting referred to as Romanism. The Romanists had typically travelled to Italy to study the works of leading Italian High Renaissance artists such as Michelangelo, Raphael and their followers. Their art assimilated these Italian influences into the Northern painting tradition.

a German painter. He was born at Cologne. Having learned the rudiments of painting there, he attended the Academy at Düsseldorf in 1833, but soon afterwards went to Munich, where he became known for his genre paintings, mostly depicting scenes from upper-class life. He has been called a German counterpart of William Hogarth and David Wilkie. He was elected...

a German painter. He was born at Cologne. Having learned the rudiments of painting there, he attended the Academy at Düsseldorf in 1833, but soon afterwards went to Munich, where he became known for his genre paintings, mostly depicting scenes from upper-class life. He has been called a German counterpart of William Hogarth and David Wilkie. He was elected a member of the Academy at Munich in 1853. He died in Munich.

a German artist and a brother of Daniel Fohr. Little is known about the details of his life. He was born at Heidelberg, and studied at Munich, chiefly by himself from nature and the great masters. His paintings, which are to be met with at Karlsruhe, Darmstadt, and Frankfurt, display genius and grandeur of style. In the Städel Institute at Frankfurt are vie...

a German artist and a brother of Daniel Fohr. Little is known about the details of his life. He was born at Heidelberg, and studied at Munich, chiefly by himself from nature and the great masters. His paintings, which are to be met with at Karlsruhe, Darmstadt, and Frankfurt, display genius and grandeur of style. In the Städel Institute at Frankfurt are views of Tivoli and Heidelberg. His death occurred at Rome, from bathing in the Tiber.

an Italian painter. She is regarded as the first woman artist, working within the same sphere as her male counterparts, outside a court or convent. She was the first woman artist to paint female nudes, and was the main breadwinner of a family of 13. Lavinia Fontana was born in Bologna, the daughter of the painter Prospero Fontana, who was a prominent painter...

an Italian painter. She is regarded as the first woman artist, working within the same sphere as her male counterparts, outside a court or convent. She was the first woman artist to paint female nudes, and was the main breadwinner of a family of 13. Lavinia Fontana was born in Bologna, the daughter of the painter Prospero Fontana, who was a prominent painter of the School of Bologna at the time and served as her teacher. Continuing the family business was typical at the time. Her earliest known work, " Monkey Child", was painted in 1575 at the age of 23. Though this work is now lost, another early painting, Christ with the Symbols of the Passion, painted in 1576 is now in the Cornell Fine Arts Museum. She would go on to paint in a variety of genres.

an Italian painter of the late Renaissance. Fontana was born in Bologna, and became a pupil of Innocenzo da Imola. He afterwards worked for Perin del Vaga in the Palazzo Doria in Genoa. Towards 1550, it is reported that Michelangelo introduced him to Pope Julius I...

an Italian painter of the late Renaissance. Fontana was born in Bologna, and became a pupil of Innocenzo da Imola. He afterwards worked for Perin del Vaga in the Palazzo Doria in Genoa. Towards 1550, it is reported that Michelangelo introduced him to Pope Julius III as a portrait-painter; and he was pensioned at the pontifical court. He later joined Vasari's studio in Florence, and worked in frescoes at the Palazzo Vecchio (1563–65). He is an early representative of the Bolognese school of painting. Sabbatini, Samacchini and Passerotti were three of his principal pupils or colleagues. His daughter, Lavinia Fontana, was also a prominent painter.

a Flemish Baroque painter who was known for his still lifes mainly of food and occasionally flower paintings. He collaborated with other artists on garland paintings. He painted still lifes and in particular still lifes of food. They typically depict fruit, fish, lobster, oysters, mussels, cheese, ham, bread, olives, lemons and oranges together with objects ...

a Flemish Baroque painter who was known for his still lifes mainly of food and occasionally flower paintings. He collaborated with other artists on garland paintings. He painted still lifes and in particular still lifes of food. They typically depict fruit, fish, lobster, oysters, mussels, cheese, ham, bread, olives, lemons and oranges together with objects such as glassware, pitchers and silver. Occasionally his compositions include animals such as butterflies, birds or squirrels or a flower.

a German painter and an art critic, author of a number of elaborate and important works bearing on the history of art in Germany and Italy. He was born in Saaleplatte, and initially studied theology and philosophy, but soon devoted himself to art, entering the studio of Peter von Cornelius at Munich. He was employed in painting the frescoes in the Aula at t...

a German painter and an art critic, author of a number of elaborate and important works bearing on the history of art in Germany and Italy. He was born in Saaleplatte, and initially studied theology and philosophy, but soon devoted himself to art, entering the studio of Peter von Cornelius at Munich. He was employed in painting the frescoes in the Aula at the University of Bonn, and those of the Glyptothek and the arcades at Munich, but his reputation rests chiefly on his discovery of several ancient pictures, and on his works on the history of art. His greatest discovery was the frescoes of Jacopo d'Avanzi, which date as far back as 1376, in the Chapel of San Giorgio at Padua.

a French painter, born in Paris. He was one of the most noted and least servile pupils of Le Brun, under whose direction he shared in the chief of the great decorative works undertaken in the reign of Louis XIV. Leaving France in 1662, he spent two years in Rome an...

a French painter, born in Paris. He was one of the most noted and least servile pupils of Le Brun, under whose direction he shared in the chief of the great decorative works undertaken in the reign of Louis XIV. Leaving France in 1662, he spent two years in Rome and three in Venice. The influence of his prolonged studies of Veronese is evident in his Finding of Moses (Louvre), and in his Rape of Proserpine (Louvre), which he presented to the Royal Academy as his diploma picture in 1673. He was at once named assistant professor.

a Flemish Baroque landscape painter. In 1616-1619 he worked in Heidelberg, and in 1620 he traveled to Italy, where he visited Rome and Venice, where he greatly improved his style by studying the works of Titian, whose fine landscapes were the particular objects of his admiration. In 1621 he went to Paris, where he worked as a court painter for more

a Flemish Baroque landscape painter. In 1616-1619 he worked in Heidelberg, and in 1620 he traveled to Italy, where he visited Rome and Venice, where he greatly improved his style by studying the works of Titian, whose fine landscapes were the particular objects of his admiration. In 1621 he went to Paris, where he worked as a court painter for Louis XIII there and in other French locations. His pictures were so much admired by that monarch that he conferred on him the honour of knighthood, which mark of distinction is said by D'Argenville to have rendered him so vain and ridiculous, that he afterwards never painted without his sword by his side.

a Franco-English Victorian painter and portraitist, specializing in literary, historical, and religious subjects. For more than a hundred years, he was confused with his son, Henry Joseph Fradelle (1805–1872), who was trained as an artist but had several professions, including infirmary supervisor. It was only in the first decade of the 21st century that t...

a Franco-English Victorian painter and portraitist, specializing in literary, historical, and religious subjects. For more than a hundred years, he was confused with his son, Henry Joseph Fradelle (1805–1872), who was trained as an artist but had several professions, including infirmary supervisor. It was only in the first decade of the 21st century that this mistake was identified and that biographies, lists, and auction houses gave Fradelle his rightful name.

a French painter and printmaker whose late Rococo manner was distinguished by remarkable facility, exuberance, and hedonism. One of the most prolific artists active in the last decades of the Ancien Régime, Fragonard produced more than 550 paintings (not counting drawings and etchings), of which only five are dated. Among his most popular works are genre pa...

a French painter and printmaker whose late Rococo manner was distinguished by remarkable facility, exuberance, and hedonism. One of the most prolific artists active in the last decades of the Ancien Régime, Fragonard produced more than 550 paintings (not counting drawings and etchings), of which only five are dated. Among his most popular works are genre paintings conveying an atmosphere of intimacy and veiled eroticism.

a Flemish Baroque painter, who is mainly known for his portraits and religious paintings. His portraits are stylistically related to his brother’s portraits who represented his sitters with a form of calculated informality. This style was influenced by Anthony van Dyck as well as by French models of portrait painting. The French influence is seen in the mo...

a Flemish Baroque painter, who is mainly known for his portraits and religious paintings. His portraits are stylistically related to his brother’s portraits who represented his sitters with a form of calculated informality. This style was influenced by Anthony van Dyck as well as by French models of portrait painting. The French influence is seen in the more static approach as opposed to the dynamic quality of Flemish Baroque portrait paintings.

a Flemish painter of history paintings and portraits. He taught both of his sons, Lucas Franchoys the Younger and Peter Franchoys, the art of painting. In the years 1602-1604 he was court painter in Paris and Madrid. In Paris, he worked for Henri, Prince of Condé for whom he painted many portraits. In 1610 he painted a Pietà for the Saint Bavo Cathedral in...

a Flemish painter of history paintings and portraits. He taught both of his sons, Lucas Franchoys the Younger and Peter Franchoys, the art of painting. In the years 1602-1604 he was court painter in Paris and Madrid. In Paris, he worked for Henri, Prince of Condé for whom he painted many portraits. In 1610 he painted a Pietà for the Saint Bavo Cathedral in Ghent. His clients belonged to the elite.

a Flemish Baroque painter from Mechelen, who painted numerous altarpieces and portraits in a style reminiscent of Anthony van Dyck. He first learned to paint from his father Lucas Franchoys the Elder in his native Mechelen. Just like his older brother Peter before him, he likely continued his training in Antwerp, then the centre of Flemish painting. The earl...

a Flemish Baroque painter from Mechelen, who painted numerous altarpieces and portraits in a style reminiscent of Anthony van Dyck. He first learned to paint from his father Lucas Franchoys the Elder in his native Mechelen. Just like his older brother Peter before him, he likely continued his training in Antwerp, then the centre of Flemish painting. The early biographer Cornelis de Bie mentions a period of training with Peter Paul Rubens but there is no other evidence for this. The first record of his paintings dates to 1649 when he was working on commissions for churches in Tournai, where he lived for some years.

an Italian painter of the Florentine Renaissance. He was born in Florence, and initially worked under Albertinelli until about 1506. In 1505 he befriended Andrea del Sarto; and by the next year, the two painters set up common shop in the Piazza del Grano. He was proficient in fresco and Vasari claimed that he surpassed all his contemporaries in this method. ...

an Italian painter of the Florentine Renaissance. He was born in Florence, and initially worked under Albertinelli until about 1506. In 1505 he befriended Andrea del Sarto; and by the next year, the two painters set up common shop in the Piazza del Grano. He was proficient in fresco and Vasari claimed that he surpassed all his contemporaries in this method. It's in his portraits, and not his religious paintings and frescoes, that his painting gathers naturalistic power.

a German historical painter and etcher, was born at Kaufbeuren, in Swabia, in 1603. Very little is known for certain about his life. He resided chiefly at Augsburg, where he died in 1675. His son Franz Friedrich Franck was an artist as well. Among other engravings the following are by him: Twenty-five plates of scenes in Military Life. 1656; The Meeting of D...

a German historical painter and etcher, was born at Kaufbeuren, in Swabia, in 1603. Very little is known for certain about his life. He resided chiefly at Augsburg, where he died in 1675. His son Franz Friedrich Franck was an artist as well. Among other engravings the following are by him: Twenty-five plates of scenes in Military Life. 1656; The Meeting of David and Abigail; Alexander and the dying Darius. 1644.

a Flemish painter known for his religious works and historical allegories painted in a late Mannerist style. He was a prominent member of the Francken family of artists, which played a very important role in the Flemish art scene from the late 16th to middle 17th century. Ambrosius Francken I is known for religious works and historical allegories. He made la...

a Flemish painter known for his religious works and historical allegories painted in a late Mannerist style. He was a prominent member of the Francken family of artists, which played a very important role in the Flemish art scene from the late 16th to middle 17th century. Ambrosius Francken I is known for religious works and historical allegories. He made large altarpieces for churches in Antwerp that replaced the many artworks that had disappeared during the iconoclastic fervour of the Beeldenstorm a few decades before. His compositions depicting muscular figures based on classical prototypes exercised an important influence on contemporary artists.

a dutch artist. He is also called the younger, to distinguish him from his uncle of the same name, was born at Antwerp in the latter part of the 16th century. He studied under his father, Frans Francken the elder, whose style he imitated. In 1624 he was registered as a master in the Guild of St. Luke at Antwerp, and he is said to have painted some time in Le...

a dutch artist. He is also called the younger, to distinguish him from his uncle of the same name, was born at Antwerp in the latter part of the 16th century. He studied under his father, Frans Francken the elder, whose style he imitated. In 1624 he was registered as a master in the Guild of St. Luke at Antwerp, and he is said to have painted some time in Leuven. He died in 1632. Little else is known of him.

a Flemish Baroque painter and a member of the Francken family of artists. He was the son of Hieronymous Francken III who died before he could teach him to paint. It is unknown who his teacher was, but he declared that he had been in Paris for 15 years when he joined the Antwerp Guild of St. Luke in 1694. In 1696 he became deacon of the guild and took on Kare...

a Flemish Baroque painter and a member of the Francken family of artists. He was the son of Hieronymous Francken III who died before he could teach him to paint. It is unknown who his teacher was, but he declared that he had been in Paris for 15 years when he joined the Antwerp Guild of St. Luke in 1694. In 1696 he became deacon of the guild and took on Karel van Falens as his pupil. He is known for landscapes with soldiers.

a Flemish Baroque painter and the best known member of the fourth generation of the Francken family of artists. Frans Francken III is known for genre works and portraits, and painted staffage in the works of Pieter Neeffs I and, more frequently, his son Pieter Neeffs II. While his figures generally follow his father's style, they are painted with less accura...

a Flemish Baroque painter and the best known member of the fourth generation of the Francken family of artists. Frans Francken III is known for genre works and portraits, and painted staffage in the works of Pieter Neeffs I and, more frequently, his son Pieter Neeffs II. While his figures generally follow his father's style, they are painted with less accuracy. He was skilled at arranging his figures well in the composition and light.

a Flemish painter who was one of the principal painters in Antwerp during the Counter-Reformation. He is mainly known for his large altarpieces and allegorical paintings. He was a member of the Francken dynasty of painters that played an important role in the Antwerp art scene in the 17th century. His earliest paintings were in the style of Frans Floris but ...

a Flemish painter who was one of the principal painters in Antwerp during the Counter-Reformation. He is mainly known for his large altarpieces and allegorical paintings. He was a member of the Francken dynasty of painters that played an important role in the Antwerp art scene in the 17th century. His earliest paintings were in the style of Frans Floris but after 1600 he developed his own style which displayed classicising characteristics not unlike those in the work of Otto van Veen

a Flemish painter and the best-known member of the large Francken family of artists. He played an important role in the development of Flemish art in the first half of the 17th century through his innovations in genre painting and introduction of new subject matter. Frans Francken the Younger was a versatile artist who practised in many genres and introduced...

a Flemish painter and the best-known member of the large Francken family of artists. He played an important role in the development of Flemish art in the first half of the 17th century through his innovations in genre painting and introduction of new subject matter. Frans Francken the Younger was a versatile artist who practised in many genres and introduced new subjects into Flemish art. Many of his works are small historical, allegorical and biblical cabinet paintings with the focus on figures. He also invented or popularized several new themes that became popular in Flemish painting, such as genre scenes populated by monkeys (also referred to as singeries) and Kunstkammer or gallery paintings displaying a wealth of natural and artistic treasures against a neutral wall.

a Flemish painter of the Antwerp school and an important member of the Francken family of artists. In addition to religious works, that were idealistic and fully in line with 16th-century taste, he also painted groups of dancers at the court. In these latter works he anticipates the development of this genre in the 17th century, especially in the work of his...

a Flemish painter of the Antwerp school and an important member of the Francken family of artists. In addition to religious works, that were idealistic and fully in line with 16th-century taste, he also painted groups of dancers at the court. In these latter works he anticipates the development of this genre in the 17th century, especially in the work of his nephew Frans Francken II. He also painted portraits and a self-portrait has been preserved. His paintings are in an elegant Mannerist style and unite elements of the Antwerp, Italian (especially Venetian) and French styles, although the influence of Fontainebleau is the most pronounced.

a Flemish painter and one of the most prominent members of the large Francken family of artists. Along with his brother Frans Francken II he played an important role in the development of new genres in Flemish art in the early 17th century. Hieronymus Francken the Younger was a versatile artist who practised in many genres. Hieronymus painted art galleries a...

a Flemish painter and one of the most prominent members of the large Francken family of artists. Along with his brother Frans Francken II he played an important role in the development of new genres in Flemish art in the early 17th century. Hieronymus Francken the Younger was a versatile artist who practised in many genres. Hieronymus painted art galleries and Kunstkammer, genre scenes of elegant balls and dances, history paintings, monkey scenes (the so-called singeries), allegorical paintings and still lifes. He also copied some of the scenes of witches and witchcraft, including portrayals of witches' sabbats, invented by his brother Frans II.

a Flemish Baroque painter and a well known member of the Francken family of artists. Very little is known for certain about the details of his life. He was the son of Frans Francken II and Elisabeth Placquet and painted in the family tradition of religious works and historical allegories. He was the father of Constantijn Francken but he died before he could ...

a Flemish Baroque painter and a well known member of the Francken family of artists. Very little is known for certain about the details of his life. He was the son of Frans Francken II and Elisabeth Placquet and painted in the family tradition of religious works and historical allegories. He was the father of Constantijn Francken but he died before he could teach him to paint.

an Italian painter and draftsman. The son of a goldsmith named Pietro, he was born in Imola sometime around 1490. After presumably studying with his father in Imola, by 1506 he had moved to nearby Bologna to study painting. According to Carlo Cesare Malvasia he entered the studio of Francesco Francia in 1508 (although the reliability of this claim has been q...

an Italian painter and draftsman. The son of a goldsmith named Pietro, he was born in Imola sometime around 1490. After presumably studying with his father in Imola, by 1506 he had moved to nearby Bologna to study painting. According to Carlo Cesare Malvasia he entered the studio of Francesco Francia in 1508 (although the reliability of this claim has been questioned). He later went to Florence where in 1510 he worked under the direction of Mariotto Albertinelli.

a Catholic artist and rediscoverer of the lost art of glass-painting. Frank was born in Nuremberg. His father was a dealer in provisions, living in comfortable circumstances, who destined his son to become his successor in business. But these plans were thwarted by Sigismund's fondness for art. The mother, without her husband's knowledge, had him instructed ...

a Catholic artist and rediscoverer of the lost art of glass-painting. Frank was born in Nuremberg. His father was a dealer in provisions, living in comfortable circumstances, who destined his son to become his successor in business. But these plans were thwarted by Sigismund's fondness for art. The mother, without her husband's knowledge, had him instructed in drawing in the local academy.

a Flemish Renaissance painter active in Antwerp between about 1480 and 1520. Although he probably never visited Frankfurt am Main, his name derives from two paintings commissioned from patrons in that city, the Holy Kinship (c. 1503) in the Frankfurt Historical Museum and a Crucifixion in the Städel museum. He is one of many anonymous artists identifiable b...

a Flemish Renaissance painter active in Antwerp between about 1480 and 1520. Although he probably never visited Frankfurt am Main, his name derives from two paintings commissioned from patrons in that city, the Holy Kinship (c. 1503) in the Frankfurt Historical Museum and a Crucifixion in the Städel museum. He is one of many anonymous artists identifiable by their painting style but not by name. The Master of Frankfurt is, however, often thought to be a Hendrik van Wueluwe, an artist famous in Antwerp around the same time as the anonymous painter but otherwise unconnected to any paintings.

a Flemish painter, court architect, and an outstanding copper plate engraver. In 1620 he designed the Temple des Augustins which stood on Place de Broukere in Brussels from its completion in 1642 to its demolition in 1893. The facade of the building now forms part of the Church of the Holy Trinity on Parvis de la Trinite in Brussels. Franquart was also famou...

a Flemish painter, court architect, and an outstanding copper plate engraver. In 1620 he designed the Temple des Augustins which stood on Place de Broukere in Brussels from its completion in 1642 to its demolition in 1893. The facade of the building now forms part of the Church of the Holy Trinity on Parvis de la Trinite in Brussels. Franquart was also famous for his outstanding illustrations that show the 1621 funeral procession of Albrecht Habsburg.

an American artist who was active/lived in Kentucky. Oliver Frazer is known for portrait and miniature painting. In 1825 he left school to study art with Matthew Harris Jouett. After Jouett died in 1827, Frazer left Kentucky for Philadelphia, becoming ...

an American artist who was active/lived in Kentucky. Oliver Frazer is known for portrait and miniature painting. In 1825 he left school to study art with Matthew Harris Jouett. After Jouett died in 1827, Frazer left Kentucky for Philadelphia, becoming a pupil of Thomas Sully. Around 1830, Frazer returned to Lexington to begin work as a portrait painter. Frazer sailed for France in May 1834, to study the Old Masters; he studied painting in Paris under Thomas Couture and Baron Antoine-Jean Gros. During 1835-35, Frazer visited major museums in Germany, Italy, Belgium, Switzerland, and England. Returning to Lexington in 1838, he opened a portrait studio at 12 East Main Street.

Painter. Known solely as a portraitist, North America's first major artist remains anonymous. Active in Boston during the 1670s, he takes his name from a pair of portraits depicting Mr. and Mrs. John Freake (Worcester [Massachusetts] Art Museum, about 1671; reworked about 1674). Trained in England or by someone familiar with Elizabethan art forms, the artist...

Painter. Known solely as a portraitist, North America's first major artist remains anonymous. Active in Boston during the 1670s, he takes his name from a pair of portraits depicting Mr. and Mrs. John Freake (Worcester [Massachusetts] Art Museum, about 1671; reworked about 1674). Trained in England or by someone familiar with Elizabethan art forms, the artist balances simple design, shallow space, and delicate drawing with linear elegance, rich color accents, and luxuriant embellishments. His masterpiece, the portrait of Elizabeth Freake with her baby, tenderly and respectfully evokes the sitter's dignified presence and maternal affection.

a German portrait painter. He was born in Palts, near Heidelberg. He first studied under Jan van Nikkelen, and afterwards under Philip van Dyk, with whom he became one of the best scholars, and with whom he stayed seven years at the Hague. He was patronized by the Duke of Hesse, and was appointed as the historical and portrait painter at the court of Cassel....

a German portrait painter. He was born in Palts, near Heidelberg. He first studied under Jan van Nikkelen, and afterwards under Philip van Dyk, with whom he became one of the best scholars, and with whom he stayed seven years at the Hague. He was patronized by the Duke of Hesse, and was appointed as the historical and portrait painter at the court of Cassel. He possessed a great knowledge of paintings, which he acquired in Germany, Italy, France, and in the school of Philip van Dyk — an acquisition which was of the greatest use in the establishment of the Cassel Gallery. He died in Cassel.

a French painter. Fréminet was born and died in Paris. According to the RKD he was a painter and engraver who is considered a member of the Second "School of Fontainebleau". Several of his ceiling decorations at the Palace of Fontainebleau survive. He received his first instruction from his father, a tapestry designer. He soon made some progress in his care...

a French painter. Fréminet was born and died in Paris. According to the RKD he was a painter and engraver who is considered a member of the Second "School of Fontainebleau". Several of his ceiling decorations at the Palace of Fontainebleau survive. He received his first instruction from his father, a tapestry designer. He soon made some progress in his career in Paris, and executed several commissions, including a picture of St. Sebastian for the church of St. Joseph. But it was to Italy that his thoughts turned, and about 1592 he set out thither.

a German artist. She was born at Strassburg and was the daughter and pupil of Johann Stuntz, a painter of landscapes, under whose tuition she gave proof of great ability. She visited France and Italy, and stayed at Rome some time. Her paintings of historical scenes are distinguished for a tender touch, and she was not less successful in portraiture and lands...

a German artist. She was born at Strassburg and was the daughter and pupil of Johann Stuntz, a painter of landscapes, under whose tuition she gave proof of great ability. She visited France and Italy, and stayed at Rome some time. Her paintings of historical scenes are distinguished for a tender touch, and she was not less successful in portraiture and landscape painting. One of her best works is a Holy Family. The Birth of St. John, and two landscapes, in the album of King Louis of Bavaria, are by this artist; in the Leuchtenberg Gallery The Virgin and Child, and The Three Maries at the Tomb; and in the Munich Gallery a Holy Family, The Naming of St. John the Baptist, and A Boy playing the flute. She died at Munich.

a Spanish Baroque Golden Age painter. He was born in Córdoba, studied under Francisco Ricci in Madrid, and developed a career in the Spanish Court despite his early death. He was an admirer of Venetian paintings by Tintoretto and Veronese. His last paintings are in the rococo style. He is known for his religious paintings, e.g. Roman Catholic Marian art dep...

a Spanish Baroque Golden Age painter. He was born in Córdoba, studied under Francisco Ricci in Madrid, and developed a career in the Spanish Court despite his early death. He was an admirer of Venetian paintings by Tintoretto and Veronese. His last paintings are in the rococo style. He is known for his religious paintings, e.g. Roman Catholic Marian art depicting the Immaculate Conception.

a German painter. He was born at Queichheim, near Landau, studied at Stuttgart and Augsburg, and from 1822 under Langer and Cornelius at the Academy of Munich. In 1834 he went to Rome, and afterwards to Naples, and from thence returned to his native country in 1837. Being patronized by Prince Karl von Wrede, he settled at Munich in 1842, and became conservat...

a German painter. He was born at Queichheim, near Landau, studied at Stuttgart and Augsburg, and from 1822 under Langer and Cornelius at the Academy of Munich. In 1834 he went to Rome, and afterwards to Naples, and from thence returned to his native country in 1837. Being patronized by Prince Karl von Wrede, he settled at Munich in 1842, and became conservator of the Artistic Society in 1845. He died at Munich. Fried was a great lover of legends, often taking these and similar sources for the subjects of his best pictures. He also executed a great number of landscapes, as well as genre and historical pieces and portraits.

a 19th-century German Romantic landscape painter, generally considered the most important German artist of his generation. He is best known for his mid-period allegorical landscapes which typically feature contemplative figures silhouetted against night skies, morning mists, barren trees or Gothic ruins. His primary interest as an artist was the contemplatio...

a 19th-century German Romantic landscape painter, generally considered the most important German artist of his generation. He is best known for his mid-period allegorical landscapes which typically feature contemplative figures silhouetted against night skies, morning mists, barren trees or Gothic ruins. His primary interest as an artist was the contemplation of nature, and his often symbolic and anti-classical work seeks to convey a subjective, emotional response to the natural world.

a German landscape painter. He is associated with the Düsseldorf school of painting. He studied at Carl Koopmann Karlsruhe, and from 1835 to 1837 at the Academy of Fine Arts, Munich, under Cornelius. He traveled in France and Austria, and stayed a couple of years (1838 - 1840 and 1843-1846) in Italy. He spent some time from 1840-1843 at the Academy in Düss...

a German landscape painter. He is associated with the Düsseldorf school of painting. He studied at Carl Koopmann Karlsruhe, and from 1835 to 1837 at the Academy of Fine Arts, Munich, under Cornelius. He traveled in France and Austria, and stayed a couple of years (1838 - 1840 and 1843-1846) in Italy. He spent some time from 1840-1843 at the Academy in Düsseldorf. Amongst his most important works is the cycle of 40 Italian landscapes - now at Munich - that have been compared by some to the famous Rottmann's cycle.

a German painter. Fries was born in Heidelberg. He became a pupil of Karl Kuntz at Karlsruhe, and afterwards studied at the Academy of Fine Arts, Munich, and in Italy. Examples of his work are: “A View of Tivoli,” “Sorrento and the House of Tasso,” “The Waterfall of Liris at Isola di Sora,” “The Castle of Massa,” and "A View of Heidelberg". H...

a German painter. Fries was born in Heidelberg. He became a pupil of Karl Kuntz at Karlsruhe, and afterwards studied at the Academy of Fine Arts, Munich, and in Italy. Examples of his work are: “A View of Tivoli,” “Sorrento and the House of Tasso,” “The Waterfall of Liris at Isola di Sora,” “The Castle of Massa,” and "A View of Heidelberg". He committed suicide, by cutting his wrists in a delirium from scarlet fever, at Karlsruhe, aged 32.

a German painter. Not much is known about his life. He was born at Winnweiler, in the Palatinate, studied first at the Academy at Munich, and afterwards under Berdellé. He visited Vienna, and painted there under Rahl; then went to Venice, Florence, and Calabria, where he studied the old masters. He died at St. Gall, Switzerland. His style much resembles tha...

a German painter. Not much is known about his life. He was born at Winnweiler, in the Palatinate, studied first at the Academy at Munich, and afterwards under Berdellé. He visited Vienna, and painted there under Rahl; then went to Venice, Florence, and Calabria, where he studied the old masters. He died at St. Gall, Switzerland. His style much resembles that of the Venetian painters.

a historical painter, was the son of the designer and engraver, Ferdinand Helfreich Frisch, and was born at Berlin. Not very much is known about his life. He was a pupil of B. Rode, but afterwards studied further at Rome. He died at Berlin while holding the posts of court painter and director of the Academy. He painted numerous ceilings in the palaces at Ber...

a historical painter, was the son of the designer and engraver, Ferdinand Helfreich Frisch, and was born at Berlin. Not very much is known about his life. He was a pupil of B. Rode, but afterwards studied further at Rome. He died at Berlin while holding the posts of court painter and director of the Academy. He painted numerous ceilings in the palaces at Berlin, Potsdam, and Sans Souci, with portraits, mythological representations, and scenes from the life of Frederick the Great.

an English photographer of the Middle East and many towns in the United Kingdom. Frith was born in Chesterfield, Derbyshire, attending Quaker schools at Ackworth and Quaker Camp Hill in Birmingham (ca. 1828–1838), before he started in the cutlery business. He suffered a nervous breakdown in 1843, recuperating over the next two years. In 1850 he started a ...

an English photographer of the Middle East and many towns in the United Kingdom. Frith was born in Chesterfield, Derbyshire, attending Quaker schools at Ackworth and Quaker Camp Hill in Birmingham (ca. 1828–1838), before he started in the cutlery business. He suffered a nervous breakdown in 1843, recuperating over the next two years. In 1850 he started a photographic studio in Liverpool, known as Frith & Hayward. A successful grocer, and later, printer, Frith fostered an interest in photography, becoming a founding member of the Liverpool Photographic Society in 1853. Frith sold his companies in 1855 in order to dedicate himself entirely to photography. He journeyed to the Middle East on three occasions, the first of which was a trip to Egypt in 1856 with very large cameras (16" x 20").

an English painter specialising in genre subjects and panoramic narrative works of life in the Victorian era. He was elected to the Royal Academy in 1853, presenting The Sleeping Model as his Diploma work. He has been described as the "greatest British painter of the social scene since Hogarth". Born in Aldfield, North Yorkshire, Frith was encouraged...

an English painter specialising in genre subjects and panoramic narrative works of life in the Victorian era. He was elected to the Royal Academy in 1853, presenting The Sleeping Model as his Diploma work. He has been described as the "greatest British painter of the social scene since Hogarth". Born in Aldfield, North Yorkshire, Frith was encouraged to take up art by his father, a hotelier in Harrogate. He moved to London in 1835 where he began his formal art studies at Sass’s Academy in Charlotte Street, before attending the Royal Academy Schools. Frith started his career as a portrait painter and first exhibited at the British Institution in 1838. In the 1840s he often based works on the literary output of writers such as Charles Dickens, whose portrait he painted, and Laurence Sterne.

a Dutch still life painter. Fromantiou was born in Maastricht. In his youth, he produced works for the art dealer Gerrit van Uylenburgh in Amsterdam and from 1658, he was active in The Hague. In 1670, he was appointed as conservator of the royal collection in Potsdam. In 1671, when Van Uylenburgh tried to sell 13 paintings to Frederick William, Elector of Br...

a Dutch still life painter. Fromantiou was born in Maastricht. In his youth, he produced works for the art dealer Gerrit van Uylenburgh in Amsterdam and from 1658, he was active in The Hague. In 1670, he was appointed as conservator of the royal collection in Potsdam. In 1671, when Van Uylenburgh tried to sell 13 paintings to Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg, Fromantiou successfully advised the Elector to send 12 pieces back as forgeries. Fromantiou claimed the paintings were copies of Italian ones, and he could point out the originals in Holland. Included in the 51 people involved in the expertise, was Johannes Vermeer.

a French painter and writer, now better remembered for his writings. He was born in La Rochelle. After leaving school he studied for some years under Louis Cabat, the landscape painter. Fromentin was one of the earliest pictorial interpreters of Algeria, having been able, while quite young, to visit the land and people that suggested the subjects of most of ...

a French painter and writer, now better remembered for his writings. He was born in La Rochelle. After leaving school he studied for some years under Louis Cabat, the landscape painter. Fromentin was one of the earliest pictorial interpreters of Algeria, having been able, while quite young, to visit the land and people that suggested the subjects of most of his works, and to store his memory as well as his portfolio with the picturesque and characteristic details of North African life. In 1849, he was awarded a medal of the second class. He is also one of the first "art critics" to approach the subject of The Old Masters from a personal point of view - being a painter himself. He also puts the work in a social, political and economic context, as the Dutch Golden Age painting develops shortly after Holland won its independence.

a German landscape painter and engraver, born at Birkenfeld. He studied at Karlsruhe, under F. J. Becker and Haldenwang, visited Paris, and earned a considerable reputation in Italy (1812–17). He was appointed professor at Karlsruhe where he founded the Society of Art and Industry. After a visit to London (1824) to acquaint himself with the technique of st...

a German landscape painter and engraver, born at Birkenfeld. He studied at Karlsruhe, under F. J. Becker and Haldenwang, visited Paris, and earned a considerable reputation in Italy (1812–17). He was appointed professor at Karlsruhe where he founded the Society of Art and Industry. After a visit to London (1824) to acquaint himself with the technique of steel engraving, he opened a studio, with Henry Winkles at Karlsruhe for that branch of art. From 1830 to 1858 he was director of the picture gallery, which flourished. He was the father of Emil Frommel.

an American portrait painter in Massachusetts and New York. He began as a chaise painter in his father's chaise manufactory. In the Boston area, he was a student of Gilbert Stuart. He painted a number of likenesses in Salem, including the wealthy merchant Elias Hasket Derby. Frothingham would have been a regional competitor to the younger Chester Harding (17...

an American portrait painter in Massachusetts and New York. He began as a chaise painter in his father's chaise manufactory. In the Boston area, he was a student of Gilbert Stuart. He painted a number of likenesses in Salem, including the wealthy merchant Elias Hasket Derby. Frothingham would have been a regional competitor to the younger Chester Harding (1792–1866), but in 1826 moved to Brooklyn in New York City. In 1828 he was elected into the National Academy of Design as an Associate member, and became a full Academician in 1831.

a German Late-Gothic painter. Very few details are known for certain about his life. Frueauf was born in Salzburg, and later moved to Passau where he lived and worked for the rest his life. He produced primarily paintings, altarpieces, and frescoes for local churches. His father Rueland Frueauf the Elder was also a painter. Frueauf the Younger died in Passau...

a German Late-Gothic painter. Very few details are known for certain about his life. Frueauf was born in Salzburg, and later moved to Passau where he lived and worked for the rest his life. He produced primarily paintings, altarpieces, and frescoes for local churches. His father Rueland Frueauf the Elder was also a painter. Frueauf the Younger died in Passau.

a German classicism portrait and historical painter. Füger was a pupil of Nicolas Guibal in Stuttgart and of Adam Friedrich Oeser in Leipzig. Afterward he traveled and spent some time in Rome and Naples, where he painted frescoes in the Palazzo Caserta. On his return to Vienna he was appointed court painter, professor and vice director of the Academy, and i...

a German classicism portrait and historical painter. Füger was a pupil of Nicolas Guibal in Stuttgart and of Adam Friedrich Oeser in Leipzig. Afterward he traveled and spent some time in Rome and Naples, where he painted frescoes in the Palazzo Caserta. On his return to Vienna he was appointed court painter, professor and vice director of the Academy, and in 1806 director of the Belvedere Gallery. Füger was also a teacher; among his pupils was Gustav Philipp Zwinger, and Franciszek Ksawery Lampi.

an Austrian painter, one of the Nazarenes. He was born at Kratzau in Bohemia. Deeply impressed as a boy by rustic pictures adorning the wayside chapels of his native country, his first attempt at composition was a sketch of the Nativity for the festival of Christmas in his father's house. He lived to see the day when, becoming celebrated as a composer of scr...

an Austrian painter, one of the Nazarenes. He was born at Kratzau in Bohemia. Deeply impressed as a boy by rustic pictures adorning the wayside chapels of his native country, his first attempt at composition was a sketch of the Nativity for the festival of Christmas in his father's house. He lived to see the day when, becoming celebrated as a composer of scriptural episodes, his sacred subjects were transferred in numberless repetitions to the roadside churches of the Austrian state, where peasants thus learnt to admire modern art reviving the models of earlier ages.

an American engineer and inventor who is widely credited with developing a commercially successful steamboat called The North River Steamboat of Claremont. That steamboat went with passengers from New York City to Albany and back again, a round trip of 300 miles, in 62 hours in 1807. In 1800, he was commissioned by more

an American engineer and inventor who is widely credited with developing a commercially successful steamboat called The North River Steamboat of Claremont. That steamboat went with passengers from New York City to Albany and back again, a round trip of 300 miles, in 62 hours in 1807. In 1800, he was commissioned by Napoleon Bonaparte to design the "Nautilus", which was the first practical submarine in history. He is also credited with inventing some of the world's earliest naval torpedoes for use by the British Royal Navy.

a Swiss painter, draughtsman and writer on art who spent much of his life in Britain. Many of his works, such as The Nightmare, deal with supernatural subject-matter. He painted works for John Boydell's Shakespeare Gallery, and created his own "Milton Gallery". He held the posts of Professor of Painting and Keeper at the Royal Academy. His style had a...

a Swiss painter, draughtsman and writer on art who spent much of his life in Britain. Many of his works, such as The Nightmare, deal with supernatural subject-matter. He painted works for John Boydell's Shakespeare Gallery, and created his own "Milton Gallery". He held the posts of Professor of Painting and Keeper at the Royal Academy. His style had a considerable influence on many younger British artists, including William Blake.

a Flemish Baroque painter, draughtsman and etcher. One of the leading animaliers of the 17th century, he was known for his refined depictions of animals and his lush hunting pieces. Fyt was a versatile still-life specialist. Although better known for his hunting, game and animal pieces he also painted beautiful still life compositions with flowers and fruit....

a Flemish Baroque painter, draughtsman and etcher. One of the leading animaliers of the 17th century, he was known for his refined depictions of animals and his lush hunting pieces. Fyt was a versatile still-life specialist. Although better known for his hunting, game and animal pieces he also painted beautiful still life compositions with flowers and fruit. He was very prolific and is believed to have produced around 280 paintings, many of them signed and dated. His works were sought after by important art collectors of his day and are now in the collections of many leading international museums.