a Dutch painter, working in a Flemish style, painting landscapes, trees, fowl and birds. Later on d'Hondecoeter painted in a more Dutch, realistic style. Gillis was the father of Gijsbert d'Hondecoeter and grandfather of the more successful Melchior d'Hondec...

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a Dutch painter, working in a Flemish style, painting landscapes, trees, fowl and birds. Later on d'Hondecoeter painted in a more Dutch, realistic style. Gillis was the father of Gijsbert d'Hondecoeter and grandfather of the more successful Melchior d'Hondecoeter and Jan Weenix. His daughter Josijntje married Jan Baptist Weenix.

a Dutch animalier painter, was born in Utrecht and died in Amsterdam. After the start of his career, he painted virtually exclusively bird subjects, usually exotic or game, in park-like landscapes. Hondecoeter’s paintings featured geese (brent goose, Egyptian brent and red-breasted brent), fieldfares, partridges, pigeons, ducks, magpies and peacocks, but a...

a Dutch animalier painter, was born in Utrecht and died in Amsterdam. After the start of his career, he painted virtually exclusively bird subjects, usually exotic or game, in park-like landscapes. Hondecoeter’s paintings featured geese (brent goose, Egyptian brent and red-breasted brent), fieldfares, partridges, pigeons, ducks, magpies and peacocks, but also African grey crowned cranes, Asian sarus cranes, Indonesian yellow-crested cockatoos, an Indonesian purple-naped lory and grey-headed lovebirds from Madagascar.

an unidentified German painter of the Renaissance period. The name assigned to him is derived from the artists insignia D. M. L. on a portrait of Martin Luther. The artist is said to be a follower of Lucas Cranach the elder from the 16th or 17th century, and obv...

an unidentified German painter of the Renaissance period. The name assigned to him is derived from the artists insignia D. M. L. on a portrait of Martin Luther. The artist is said to be a follower of Lucas Cranach the elder from the 16th or 17th century, and obviously was interpreting portrait types as invented by Cranach. Besides of the Luther portrait, also a portrait of Philipp Melanchthon by the anonymous artist is known.

an Italian painter of the Renaissance Venetian School. He was born at Vicenza. After training in Venice he established himself at Bassano. If not an actual pupil of Giovanni Bellini, he was a follower of his style. He painted a St. Bartholomew for the cathedra...

an Italian painter of the Renaissance Venetian School. He was born at Vicenza. After training in Venice he established himself at Bassano. If not an actual pupil of Giovanni Bellini, he was a follower of his style. He painted a St. Bartholomew for the cathedral of Bassano, an altarpiece for the church of San Giovanni, and a Descent of the Holy Ghost for the village church of Oliero. Francesco died in Bassano. His son, Jacopo da Ponte gained prominence as a painter in Venice and the Veneto. One of Jacopo's sons was the painter Francesco da Ponte the Younger. He died at Bassano del Grappa in 1530.

a historical and genre painter born in Hanover. In 1794 he went to Berlin, where he was engaged in miniature painting and as a teacher of drawing. In 1802 he visited Paris, and the study of the galleries there first induced him to attempt painting in oil. From 1811 until his death he was a member of the Berlin Academy, and professor at the same from 1814 onw...

a historical and genre painter born in Hanover. In 1794 he went to Berlin, where he was engaged in miniature painting and as a teacher of drawing. In 1802 he visited Paris, and the study of the galleries there first induced him to attempt painting in oil. From 1811 until his death he was a member of the Berlin Academy, and professor at the same from 1814 onwards. He died at Potsdam on 10 September 1850. One of his most famous pictures is The Descent from the Cross, the altar-piece at the Garrison Church in Potsdam. In the Berlin Gallery is a State Entry painted by him.

an American folk artist born in Pittstown, Washington County, New York. He married Mary Fowler October 13, 1816 at White Creek, Washington County, New York, and they had ten children. He served as a musician in the War of 1812 and was a professor of penmanship. He was active in the New York area and was known for his miniature naïve art side portraits. Medi...

an American folk artist born in Pittstown, Washington County, New York. He married Mary Fowler October 13, 1816 at White Creek, Washington County, New York, and they had ten children. He served as a musician in the War of 1812 and was a professor of penmanship. He was active in the New York area and was known for his miniature naïve art side portraits. Media used were mixed media, oil, watercolor, and ink.

Flemish School, 17th century, male. Born 1619, in Liège; died 1685, in Rome. Painter. Flowers, fruit. Ornaments. Jacques Damery was taught by his brother Walther. He went to Italy twice and had a pupil in Rome in 1671 who struck him on the eye, leaving him with a scar for the rest of his life. According to Robert-Dumesnil, Bellier wrongly identifies him as ...

Flemish School, 17th century, male. Born 1619, in Liège; died 1685, in Rome. Painter. Flowers, fruit. Ornaments. Jacques Damery was taught by his brother Walther. He went to Italy twice and had a pupil in Rome in 1671 who struck him on the eye, leaving him with a scar for the rest of his life. According to Robert-Dumesnil, Bellier wrongly identifies him as French

a Southern Netherlandish Baroque painter. According to Houbraken he was known along with Leonard van Orley for emblems in the manner of Jacob Cats. According to the RKD he was the teacher of his younger brother Jacques Damery and Gilles Hallet. He travelled to England in 1639 and the next year he left for Italy and on the way back in 1643 he was captured by ...

a Southern Netherlandish Baroque painter. According to Houbraken he was known along with Leonard van Orley for emblems in the manner of Jacob Cats. According to the RKD he was the teacher of his younger brother Jacques Damery and Gilles Hallet. He travelled to England in 1639 and the next year he left for Italy and on the way back in 1643 he was captured by pirates and taken to Algiers. He escaped and in 1644 made an altarpiece for the Cathedral of the southern French town Toulon. He then travelled north and stayed in Paris until 1646 before returning to Liege, where he took on pupils. He is known for portraits and religious works, of which one is dated 1672.

a Dutch Golden Age landscape painter and engraver. He painted Italianate landscapes, especially views of harbors and royal residences. He also produced portraits and devotional pictures and made engravings after the Italian old masters in the Royal Collection. He left England in 1679 due to the public hostility towards Roman Catholics after the Popish Plot ...

a Dutch Golden Age landscape painter and engraver. He painted Italianate landscapes, especially views of harbors and royal residences. He also produced portraits and devotional pictures and made engravings after the Italian old masters in the Royal Collection. He left England in 1679 due to the public hostility towards Roman Catholics after the Popish Plot controversy. He died soon after in Amsterdam.

one of the painters of the Barbizon school, and is considered an important precursor of Impressionism. Initially Daubigny painted in a traditional style, but this changed after 1843 when he settled in Barbizon to work outside in nature. Even more important was his meeting with more

one of the painters of the Barbizon school, and is considered an important precursor of Impressionism. Initially Daubigny painted in a traditional style, but this changed after 1843 when he settled in Barbizon to work outside in nature. Even more important was his meeting with Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot in 1852 in Optevoz (Isère). On his famous boat Botin, which he had turned into a studio, he painted along the Seine and Oise, often in the region around Auvers. From 1852 onward he came under the influence of Gustave Courbet.

an Early Netherlandish painter and manuscript illuminator known for his brilliant use of color. Only a bare outline of his life survives, although some facts are known. He may have been the "Meester gheraet van brugghe" who became a master of the Antwerp guild in 1515. He was very successful in his lifetime and probably ran two workshops, in Antwerp and Brug...

an Early Netherlandish painter and manuscript illuminator known for his brilliant use of color. Only a bare outline of his life survives, although some facts are known. He may have been the "Meester gheraet van brugghe" who became a master of the Antwerp guild in 1515. He was very successful in his lifetime and probably ran two workshops, in Antwerp and Bruges. His reputation diminished in the 17th century until he was rediscovered in the 19th century.

a Flemish Mannerist painter and draughtsman active in Antwerp. Although the artist painted in the high mannerist style of Giorgio Vasari, he never appeared to travel to Italy. A series of the "Seven Deadly Sins", however, was bought in Antwerp by Alessandro Far...

a Flemish Mannerist painter and draughtsman active in Antwerp. Although the artist painted in the high mannerist style of Giorgio Vasari, he never appeared to travel to Italy. A series of the "Seven Deadly Sins", however, was bought in Antwerp by Alessandro Farnese's secretary Cosimo Masi in 1594 and taken to Italy.

a Netherlandish painter and draughtsman. Jan de Beer was born in or near Antwerp. According to the RKD he was the son of the painter Claes de Beer and the father of the glasspainter Arnould de Beer. A student at the Antwerp Guild of St. Luke, he became a master in 1504. In 1515 he became a dean of the Guild. He later took on apprentices, including his son, A...

a Netherlandish painter and draughtsman. Jan de Beer was born in or near Antwerp. According to the RKD he was the son of the painter Claes de Beer and the father of the glasspainter Arnould de Beer. A student at the Antwerp Guild of St. Luke, he became a master in 1504. In 1515 he became a dean of the Guild. He later took on apprentices, including his son, Aert de Beer. He died in his home city of Antwerp.

an Early Netherlandish painter from Utrecht. According to Karel van Mander, he was a pupil of Frans Floris in Antwerp, who later returned to his native Utrecht and became the teacher of Abraham Bloemaert and Joachim Wtewael. Together with Anthonie Blocklandt ...

an Early Netherlandish painter from Utrecht. According to Karel van Mander, he was a pupil of Frans Floris in Antwerp, who later returned to his native Utrecht and became the teacher of Abraham Bloemaert and Joachim Wtewael. Together with Anthonie Blocklandt van Montfoort (who he knew as a fellow pupil of Frans Floris), he is known as the founder of the Utrecht school of painting that started around 1590. Van Mander states that De Beer had many paintings by Blocklandt in his workshop that young Bloemaert copied.

a Dutch draughtsman and painter known for this drawings of towns and buildings in the present-day countries of the Netherlands, Belgium and Germany. In total, he produced some 1500 drawings, over 600 of which were reproduced as engravings by other artists. De Beijer travelled through the Netherlands in summertime to draw views of cities and towns as well as ...

a Dutch draughtsman and painter known for this drawings of towns and buildings in the present-day countries of the Netherlands, Belgium and Germany. In total, he produced some 1500 drawings, over 600 of which were reproduced as engravings by other artists. De Beijer travelled through the Netherlands in summertime to draw views of cities and towns as well as castles and other buildings. In the wintertime, he would retire to his home to produce colour drawings based on his sketches in the field, as well as drawings that could be used by other artists to produce engravings.

a Flemish painter of the Baroque period, who was an important teacher of baroque painters and the father of the poet Cornelis de Bie. At age 18 he left for Paris where he studied for two years with Rudolf Schoof, the court painter to Louis the 13th. From there he left for Rome, where he stayed 6 years. He then visited the most important cities of Italy over...

a Flemish painter of the Baroque period, who was an important teacher of baroque painters and the father of the poet Cornelis de Bie. At age 18 he left for Paris where he studied for two years with Rudolf Schoof, the court painter to Louis the 13th. From there he left for Rome, where he stayed 6 years. He then visited the most important cities of Italy over the next three years, painting for Cardinals, mostly paintings of gold and silver plates and precious stones.

a Flemish painter known for his city views and landscapes. He is known for his architectural paintings, in particular city scenes, genre scenes and landscapes in an Italianate style. His main specialty was the composition of animated landscapes, in particular of city squares. He collaborated with other artists in Antwerp for whom he painted the staffage. Thi...

a Flemish painter known for his city views and landscapes. He is known for his architectural paintings, in particular city scenes, genre scenes and landscapes in an Italianate style. His main specialty was the composition of animated landscapes, in particular of city squares. He collaborated with other artists in Antwerp for whom he painted the staffage. This is documented in the papers of the Antwerp art dealers Forchondt, which mention two anonymous church interiors with figures painted by de Bie. He is also known to have painted winterscapes and seascapes.

a Dutch Golden Age painter. According to Houbraken he was a multi-talented son and pupil of the painter and architect Salomon de Bray. He was known as a flower painter, but he could also sculpt. He carved a wooden bust of his father's head, that Houbraken admired and used for his engraving of Salomon in his "Schouburg". He became a monk in the Gaesdonck mona...

a Dutch Golden Age painter. According to Houbraken he was a multi-talented son and pupil of the painter and architect Salomon de Bray. He was known as a flower painter, but he could also sculpt. He carved a wooden bust of his father's head, that Houbraken admired and used for his engraving of Salomon in his "Schouburg". He became a monk in the Gaesdonck monastery near Goch. He became a member of the Haarlem Guild of St. Luke in 1671. Dirck was born into an artistic family. His brother Jan became a well-known painter, and his brother Joseph was also a painter, though he died young.

a Dutch Golden Age painter. He spent most of his career working in Haarlem, where he was for many years dean of the Haarlem Guild of St. Luke. Jan de Bray was influenced by his father, Bartholomeus van der Helst, and Frans Hals. De Bray's works are mainly portraits, often of groups. He specialised in historical allegories. Among his finest works are two vers...

a Dutch Golden Age painter. He spent most of his career working in Haarlem, where he was for many years dean of the Haarlem Guild of St. Luke. Jan de Bray was influenced by his father, Bartholomeus van der Helst, and Frans Hals. De Bray's works are mainly portraits, often of groups. He specialised in historical allegories. Among his finest works are two versions of the Banquet of Cleopatra, using his own family, including himself, as models.

a Dutch Golden Age painter. According to the RKD he was born into an artistic family as the son of Salomon de Bray and Anna Westerbaen (sister of the painter Jan and the poet Jacob Westerbaen). He was the brother of the painters Jan, Dirck, and Jacob de Bray. He is known for fruit and flower still life paintings and some italianate landscapes. He died young ...

a Dutch Golden Age painter. According to the RKD he was born into an artistic family as the son of Salomon de Bray and Anna Westerbaen (sister of the painter Jan and the poet Jacob Westerbaen). He was the brother of the painters Jan, Dirck, and Jacob de Bray. He is known for fruit and flower still life paintings and some italianate landscapes. He died young 4 days after his father, probably from an outbreak of the plague in Haarlem.

a Spanish painter. He was the son and scholar of Miguel Geronimo de Cieza, was born at Granada. He acquired much facility in painting in distemper, and, going to Madrid in 1686, was employed to paint scenes in the theatre of Buenretiro, and became painter to the king in 1689. He likewise painted in oil historical subjects, landscapes, and flower-pieces. He d...

a Spanish painter. He was the son and scholar of Miguel Geronimo de Cieza, was born at Granada. He acquired much facility in painting in distemper, and, going to Madrid in 1686, was employed to paint scenes in the theatre of Buenretiro, and became painter to the king in 1689. He likewise painted in oil historical subjects, landscapes, and flower-pieces. He died at Madrid.

a Flemish painter active in Brussels during the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries. Stylistically he belongs to the late Mannerist generation of artists preceding Peter Paul Rubens and the Flemish Baroque, and his paintings are very similar to his contemporary Marten de Vos. His exact date of birth is unknown, but in 1594 he is employed as court ...

a Flemish painter active in Brussels during the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries. Stylistically he belongs to the late Mannerist generation of artists preceding Peter Paul Rubens and the Flemish Baroque, and his paintings are very similar to his contemporary Marten de Vos. His exact date of birth is unknown, but in 1594 he is employed as court painter to Archduke Ernest, a position he continued to hold in the service of the Archdukes Albert and Isabella following Ernest's death in 1596.

a Flemish painter and draftsman of the Northern Renaissance. Little is known about his life and career. He was probably born in Leiden in Holland but settled in Antwerp. In 1506 Jan is recorded in the archives of the Guild of Saint Luke in Antwerp as having accepted an apprentice called 'Loduwyck'. It is unclear in which year Jan became a master. Jan Wellens...

a Flemish painter and draftsman of the Northern Renaissance. Little is known about his life and career. He was probably born in Leiden in Holland but settled in Antwerp. In 1506 Jan is recorded in the archives of the Guild of Saint Luke in Antwerp as having accepted an apprentice called 'Loduwyck'. It is unclear in which year Jan became a master. Jan Wellens de Cock could be identical with a certain 'Jan Van Leyen' (Jan of Leiden) who became a master in 1503–1504.

a Flemish painter who was a prominent member of the Antwerp Caravaggisti. He is mainly known for his genre scenes with strong chiaroscuro effects. Adam de Coster’s oeuvre is mainly composed of genre paintings with half-length figures and dramatic light effects. He preferred stark chiaroscuro and returned time and again to the motif of half-length figures i...

a Flemish painter who was a prominent member of the Antwerp Caravaggisti. He is mainly known for his genre scenes with strong chiaroscuro effects. Adam de Coster’s oeuvre is mainly composed of genre paintings with half-length figures and dramatic light effects. He preferred stark chiaroscuro and returned time and again to the motif of half-length figures illuminated by candlelight. He was clearly familiar with the work of Caravaggio and his followers and in particular the Utrecht Caravaggists. De Coster's paintings show a certain affinity with those of Georges de La Tour and other French variations of the tenebrist movement in Caravaggism.

a Dutch Golden Age portrait painter from Friesland. Wybrand de Geest was born and died at Leeuwarden. He learned painting from his father, Simon Juckesz, a stained glass worker. He studied later with Abraham Bloemaert. From 1614 to 1618 he travelled in France and Italy on a Grand Tour. De Geest was the most important portrait painter of Friesland and painted...

a Dutch Golden Age portrait painter from Friesland. Wybrand de Geest was born and died at Leeuwarden. He learned painting from his father, Simon Juckesz, a stained glass worker. He studied later with Abraham Bloemaert. From 1614 to 1618 he travelled in France and Italy on a Grand Tour. De Geest was the most important portrait painter of Friesland and painted numerous portraits of the well-to-do citizens of his day, many of which survive in the Fries Museum. Perhaps the most intimate portraits he painted were those of his direct family

a Dutch painter. De Gelder was born and died in Dordrecht. He was one of Rembrandt’s last pupils while in Amsterdam, studying in his studio from 1661 to 1663. He was not only one of the most talented of Rembrandt’s pupils, but also one of his most devoted follow...

a Dutch painter. De Gelder was born and died in Dordrecht. He was one of Rembrandt’s last pupils while in Amsterdam, studying in his studio from 1661 to 1663. He was not only one of the most talented of Rembrandt’s pupils, but also one of his most devoted followers. Following Rembrandts lead, De Gelder would paint such artworks as "The Baptism of Christ" and ".Ahimelech Giving the Sword of Goliath to David". Story telling and with transparent emotionalism, and an emphasizing the human element to biblical characters is one of the distinguishing elements of this style, as opposed to the courtly and distant emotions and imagery of other artists, even in the Renaissance period.

a Dutch painter and engraver, whose work shows the transition from Northern Mannerism to Dutch realism over the course of his career. De Gheyn was born in Antwerp and received his first training from his father, Jacob de Gheyn I, a glass painter, engraver, and draftsman. In 1585, he moved to Haarlem, where he studied under Hendrik Goltzius for the next five ...

a Dutch painter and engraver, whose work shows the transition from Northern Mannerism to Dutch realism over the course of his career. De Gheyn was born in Antwerp and received his first training from his father, Jacob de Gheyn I, a glass painter, engraver, and draftsman. In 1585, he moved to Haarlem, where he studied under Hendrik Goltzius for the next five years. He moved again, to Leiden, in the middle of the 1590s. His work attracted the attention of wealthy sponsors, and his first commission was for an engraving of the Siege of Geertruidenberg from Maurice of Nassau, Prince of Orange.

a Dutch painter and draughtsman. De Giselaer was born in Dordrecht. Not much is known about his life, except through his works. From records it is known he was born in Dordrecht, and worked in Leiden and Utrecht in 1616, and later Amsterdam between 1616-1617. He eventually moved back to Utrecht, where he continued working until his death around 1654. The Cen...

a Dutch painter and draughtsman. De Giselaer was born in Dordrecht. Not much is known about his life, except through his works. From records it is known he was born in Dordrecht, and worked in Leiden and Utrecht in 1616, and later Amsterdam between 1616-1617. He eventually moved back to Utrecht, where he continued working until his death around 1654. The Centraal Museum has some of his works. He died in Utrecht.

a Dutch Golden Age painter. Besides history paintings, Pieter de Grebber also painted a number of portraits; furthermore many drawings and a few etchings by him have survived. From different influences, such as the Utrecht Caravaggistism, Rubens and also Rembrandt, ...

a Dutch Golden Age painter. Besides history paintings, Pieter de Grebber also painted a number of portraits; furthermore many drawings and a few etchings by him have survived. From different influences, such as the Utrecht Caravaggistism, Rubens and also Rembrandt, he came up with a very personal style. He was, together with Salomon de Bray, the forerunner and first peak of the "Haarlem classicism" school, producing paintings characterized by a well-organized clarity and light tints.

a still life painter who was active in Utrecht and Antwerp. He is a major representative of that genre in both Dutch and Flemish Baroque painting. De Heem was one of the greatest painters of still lifes in the Netherlands, combining a brilliance and harmony of colour along with an accurate rendering of objects: flowers, in all their variety; European and tro...

a still life painter who was active in Utrecht and Antwerp. He is a major representative of that genre in both Dutch and Flemish Baroque painting. De Heem was one of the greatest painters of still lifes in the Netherlands, combining a brilliance and harmony of colour along with an accurate rendering of objects: flowers, in all their variety; European and tropical fruits; lobsters and oysters; butterflies and moths; stone and metal; snails and sea shells.

a Flemish painter and draughtsman mainly known for his equestrian and battle scenes as well as his genre and landscape paintings. He was probably responsible for the compositions depicting military camps, cavalry and military convoys and battles signed L.D. HONDT. These paintings are reminiscent of the manner of David Teniers the Younger. In his military sce...

a Flemish painter and draughtsman mainly known for his equestrian and battle scenes as well as his genre and landscape paintings. He was probably responsible for the compositions depicting military camps, cavalry and military convoys and battles signed L.D. HONDT. These paintings are reminiscent of the manner of David Teniers the Younger. In his military scenes he often used a sketchy technique. His paintings often depict horses and cavalry. He also painted village scenes (such as the The Vegetable Vendor), hunting scenes (such as A Hunting Scene) and landscapes.

a Flemish Baroque painter and engraver. He learned drawing and engraving first from his father, the map maker Gerard de Jode, and later from Hendrik Goltzius. His engravings of Italian master paintings became a source for Karel van Mander. He travelled to Rom...

a Flemish Baroque painter and engraver. He learned drawing and engraving first from his father, the map maker Gerard de Jode, and later from Hendrik Goltzius. His engravings of Italian master paintings became a source for Karel van Mander. He travelled to Rome in 1590 where he made his engravings of Titian, Giulio Romano and Jacopo Bassano. He travelled back home and in 1599 he joined the Guild of Saint Luke in Antwerp. He made engravings after Bartholomäus Spranger, Sebastiaen Vrancx, Otto van Veen, Anthony van Dyck and Peter Paul Rubens. In 1631 he travelled to Paris. He is registered as the teacher of his son Pieter de Jode II, Pieter de Bailliu, Johann Caspar Dooms, and Nicolaes Rijckmans.

a Flemish Baroque painter and engraver. He learned drawing and engraving from his father, Pieter de Jode I (1570–1634), whose engravings were a source for Karel van Mander. He travelled to Paris with him to make engravings, and on his return he married Just...

a Flemish Baroque painter and engraver. He learned drawing and engraving from his father, Pieter de Jode I (1570–1634), whose engravings were a source for Karel van Mander. He travelled to Paris with him to make engravings, and on his return he married Justa Galle, the widow of Adriaen Collaert and the daughter of Philip Galle. He started working for Anthony van Dyck as an engraver for his Iconography series that was published over several decades. For this project he accompanied Van Dyck several times to England. After the death of Van Dyck, he continued to work on the Iconography series, in collaboration with other engravers employed by the publisher Gillis Hendricx in Antwerp.

a Dutch painter and architect. He excelled as a portrait painter, and was the most in-demand portrait painter in the Netherlands until the 1630s. In addition to portraits, he also executed some historical and mythological pictures, such as the Theseus and Ariadne in the Amsterdam town hall, now the Royal Palace. De Keyser also worked as an architect. From 16...

a Dutch painter and architect. He excelled as a portrait painter, and was the most in-demand portrait painter in the Netherlands until the 1630s. In addition to portraits, he also executed some historical and mythological pictures, such as the Theseus and Ariadne in the Amsterdam town hall, now the Royal Palace. De Keyser also worked as an architect. From 1662 until his death in 1667 he oversaw construction of the new Amsterdam town hall, now Royal Palace.

a Dutch landscape painter and younger brother of Jacob Koninck. De Koninck was born and died in Amsterdam. Little is known of his history except that he was said to be a pupil of Rembrandt, whose influence is to be seen in much of his work. He painted chiefly broad,...

a Dutch landscape painter and younger brother of Jacob Koninck. De Koninck was born and died in Amsterdam. Little is known of his history except that he was said to be a pupil of Rembrandt, whose influence is to be seen in much of his work. He painted chiefly broad, sunny landscapes, full of space, light and atmosphere; they are seen from a high perspective, allowing a prominent view of the sky. Portraits by him, somewhat in the manner of Rembrandt, also exist.

a Dutch Golden Age painter and art theorist. His broad range of talent included music, poetry, and theatre. De Lairesse was influenced by the Perugian Cesare Ripa and French classicist painters as Charles le Brun, Simon Vouet and authors as Pierre Corneille and Jean R...

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a Dutch Golden Age painter and art theorist. His broad range of talent included music, poetry, and theatre. De Lairesse was influenced by the Perugian Cesare Ripa and French classicist painters as Charles le Brun, Simon Vouet and authors as Pierre Corneille and Jean Racine. His importance grew in the period following the death of Rembrandt. His treatises on painting and drawing, Grondlegginge der teekenkonst (1701), based on geometry and Groot Schilderboek (1707), were highly influential on 18th-century painters.

a painter who was a native of Flanders but whose entire documented career took place in Spain, where he played a major role in the transition from Mannerist to Baroque painting. It is known that in 1598 he worked in Valladolid in the commemorative ceremonies for the death of king Philip II of Spain, contributing to the design of his funerary monument. He rem...

a painter who was a native of Flanders but whose entire documented career took place in Spain, where he played a major role in the transition from Mannerist to Baroque painting. It is known that in 1598 he worked in Valladolid in the commemorative ceremonies for the death of king Philip II of Spain, contributing to the design of his funerary monument. He remained there until 1604, when he obtained a benefice or favour from the Count-Duke of Olivares. In the village of Olivares, near Seville, de Roelas made several large paintings to decorate altars in and around Seville.

a French painter. He stayed in Rome from 1622 to 1626, where he was influenced by Caravaggio and became friends with Simon Vouet. De Létin worked in Troyes all his life except for a period of 3 years when he worked for Simon Vouet in Rome. He is often considered a ...

a French painter. He stayed in Rome from 1622 to 1626, where he was influenced by Caravaggio and became friends with Simon Vouet. De Létin worked in Troyes all his life except for a period of 3 years when he worked for Simon Vouet in Rome. He is often considered a caravaggist – influenced as he is by Caravaggio's style. De Létin created portraits and paintings inspired by religion and mythology.

a Flemish Baroque painter and copyist mainly known for his still lifes, landscapes and history paintings. Only a few signed works of him exist and on the basis of these works some more works are attributed to him. He was a still life painter, in particular of flower pieces often including insects. As in the work of other Antwerp painters of his generation su...

a Flemish Baroque painter and copyist mainly known for his still lifes, landscapes and history paintings. Only a few signed works of him exist and on the basis of these works some more works are attributed to him. He was a still life painter, in particular of flower pieces often including insects. As in the work of other Antwerp painters of his generation such as Jan Brueghel the Younger, some of his flower paintings were dedicated to the presentation of a single variety of flowers. He also created garland paintings.

a Dutch Golden Age landscape painter. He was born in Rotterdam and is considered by the RKD to be a landscape painter of the "Albert Cuyp school". He is not to be confused with the later landscape painter Hendrik de Meijer who traveled to England. He is known for dated works and is mentioned in Rotterdam archives from 1640 to 1689, but after that nothing mor...

a Dutch Golden Age landscape painter. He was born in Rotterdam and is considered by the RKD to be a landscape painter of the "Albert Cuyp school". He is not to be confused with the later landscape painter Hendrik de Meijer who traveled to England. He is known for dated works and is mentioned in Rotterdam archives from 1640 to 1689, but after that nothing more is known of him.

a Dutch Golden Age painter and engraver born in England. He was baptized in the Dutch Reformed Austin Friars church in London. Little is known of his early training, but he probably traveled to Italy and in 1616 he became a member of the Haarlem Guild of St. Luke. De Molijn was known for his landscapes, but he also made genre pieces, marine scenes, portraits...

a Dutch Golden Age painter and engraver born in England. He was baptized in the Dutch Reformed Austin Friars church in London. Little is known of his early training, but he probably traveled to Italy and in 1616 he became a member of the Haarlem Guild of St. Luke. De Molijn was known for his landscapes, but he also made genre pieces, marine scenes, portraits, and architectural pieces. This type of oeuvre is typical for the Italian-bound artists of his day, who paid their way as a jack-of-all-trades.

one of the foremost Flemish landscape painters between Pieter Brueghel the Elder and Peter Paul Rubens. Brueghel's influence is clearly evident in many of de Momper's paintings. De Momper primarily painted landscapes, the genre for which he was highly regarded during his lifetime. Only a small number of the 500 paintings attributed to de Momper are signed an...

one of the foremost Flemish landscape painters between Pieter Brueghel the Elder and Peter Paul Rubens. Brueghel's influence is clearly evident in many of de Momper's paintings. De Momper primarily painted landscapes, the genre for which he was highly regarded during his lifetime. Only a small number of the 500 paintings attributed to de Momper are signed and just one is dated. The large output points to substantial workshop participation.

an 18th-century genre painter from the Northern Netherlands. De Moni was born in Breda. According to the RKD he was a pupil of Van Kessel and J. B. Biset in Breda, and from 1721-1725 he attended the Hague drawing academy associated with the Confrerie Pictura, where he studied with Philip van Dyk. He studied the works of Gerard Dou, and imitated the manner of...

an 18th-century genre painter from the Northern Netherlands. De Moni was born in Breda. According to the RKD he was a pupil of Van Kessel and J. B. Biset in Breda, and from 1721-1725 he attended the Hague drawing academy associated with the Confrerie Pictura, where he studied with Philip van Dyk. He studied the works of Gerard Dou, and imitated the manner of Mieris. He accompanied Philip van Dyk to Cassel in 1726, and afterwards settled at Leyden, where he died in 1771. His paintings consist of portraits and genre pieces of a simple and pleasing character, though cold in colouring.

an 18th-century painter and interior decorator (wall painter) from the Northern Netherlands. According to Houbraken when he returned from Italy he had with him a copy he had made himself after Nicolas Poussin, which the postmaster of Zwolle bought without aski...

an 18th-century painter and interior decorator (wall painter) from the Northern Netherlands. According to Houbraken when he returned from Italy he had with him a copy he had made himself after Nicolas Poussin, which the postmaster of Zwolle bought without asking him who had painted it. When Isaac later declared that it was a copy by his own hand, he claimed the postmaster had never explicitly asked who had painted it, but had wished to see his things that he had brought back with him. This anecdote was told in order to show the popularity of Poussin in the art market of the Netherlands in Gerard Uilenburg's time.

a Spanish Baroque painter. De Palacios was initially known through only two small still lifes, acquired in Madrid in late seventeenth century by Count Ferdinand Harrach Buenaventura, published by August L. Mayer in 1922, and two paintings of San Onofre and San Francisco de Asis in the convent Calatravas Moralzarzal (Madrid). When the paintings were first see...

a Spanish Baroque painter. De Palacios was initially known through only two small still lifes, acquired in Madrid in late seventeenth century by Count Ferdinand Harrach Buenaventura, published by August L. Mayer in 1922, and two paintings of San Onofre and San Francisco de Asis in the convent Calatravas Moralzarzal (Madrid). When the paintings were first seen, Buenaventura saw the influence of Antonio Ponz, and thought maybe the author was El Greco, so he was surprised when he recognized the signing of Palacios.

a Dutch Golden Age painter. His surviving paintings today are mainly small historical allegories and still lifes with metal objects. Though he has been considered in the past by (some) 19th century historians to have been a pupil of Rembrandt, he in fact lived and w...

a Dutch Golden Age painter. His surviving paintings today are mainly small historical allegories and still lifes with metal objects. Though he has been considered in the past by (some) 19th century historians to have been a pupil of Rembrandt, he in fact lived and worked in Haarlem, not Amsterdam. He was registered as a painter in Haarlem in 1631 and in 1634 as a member of the Haarlem Guild of St. Luke.

a Flemish Renaissance painter mainly known for his portrait paintings. De Punder was born in Mechelen. He worked in Leipzig in 1570 before moving to Denmark, where he later died. Karel van Mander describes de Punder as a skilled portrait painter. Only three p...

a Flemish Renaissance painter mainly known for his portrait paintings. De Punder was born in Mechelen. He worked in Leipzig in 1570 before moving to Denmark, where he later died. Karel van Mander describes de Punder as a skilled portrait painter. Only three paintings are currently attributed to Jacob de Punder, all three portraits.

a Dutch Golden Age painter of still lifes. became famous for his opulent, flashy still lifes or banquet pieces with fruit, a lobster, a goblet, shrimps, oysters, a rug and Chinese porcelain. His signature is often a painted ring or with the Latinised form of his name, P.Ab.Annulo. There are no records in the Leiden Archive on his marriage or children. He app...

a Dutch Golden Age painter of still lifes. became famous for his opulent, flashy still lifes or banquet pieces with fruit, a lobster, a goblet, shrimps, oysters, a rug and Chinese porcelain. His signature is often a painted ring or with the Latinised form of his name, P.Ab.Annulo. There are no records in the Leiden Archive on his marriage or children. He appears not to have bought a house there nor wrote a will. What is known is that he became one of the founders a member and of the Guild of St. Luke in 1648.

a German-born French Romantic painter and lithographer active during the Napoleonic Era. The love of classical painting was a lifelong passion of Steuben. He was a close friend to Eugène Delacroix, the leader of the French Romantic school of painting, whom he portrayed several times. Steuben was also part of this artistic movement, which replaced classicism...

a German-born French Romantic painter and lithographer active during the Napoleonic Era. The love of classical painting was a lifelong passion of Steuben. He was a close friend to Eugène Delacroix, the leader of the French Romantic school of painting, whom he portrayed several times. Steuben was also part of this artistic movement, which replaced classicism in French painting. "The painter of the Revolution," as Jacques-Louis David was called by his students, joined art with politics in his works. The subjects of his historical paintings supported historical change. He painted mainly in sharp color contrasts, heavy solid contours and clear outlines.

a Spanish Baroque painter of Genoese origin. De Torres started painting about 1680, and trained with Juan de Valdés Leal, inheriting his style, but the number of works that can be attributed to him is low. A few tables and six apostles painted on the pillars of the Dominican Church of San Pablo in Seville, which corroborates his being a disciple of Juan de ...

a Spanish Baroque painter of Genoese origin. De Torres started painting about 1680, and trained with Juan de Valdés Leal, inheriting his style, but the number of works that can be attributed to him is low. A few tables and six apostles painted on the pillars of the Dominican Church of San Pablo in Seville, which corroborates his being a disciple of Juan de Valdés Leal. De Torres visited the Court of Madrid in 1724and established a friendship with Antonio Palomino, the official painter of the Court, to which he devoted a complimentary poem. He returned to Cádiz, where he continued to paint until his death in 1730.

a French Rococo painter (including frescoes) and tapestry designer. He was one of a family of painters, being the son of the portrait painter François de Troy (1645–1730), under whom he first studied. The successful career of de Troy was based initially on large historical and allegorical compositions, such as Time Unveiling Truth (1733, National Gallery,...

a French Rococo painter (including frescoes) and tapestry designer. He was one of a family of painters, being the son of the portrait painter François de Troy (1645–1730), under whom he first studied. The successful career of de Troy was based initially on large historical and allegorical compositions, such as Time Unveiling Truth (1733, National Gallery, London), but he is now most highly regarded for his smaller (cabinet-sized) and more spirited scenes of elegant social life, painted in Paris between 1725 and 1738, when he went to Rome.

a Dutch painter and illustrator from the period of the Golden Age. De Verwer was the son and pupil of Abraham de Verwer and followed him in style and theme. He produced primarily marine art. From 1651 to 1656 he was employed by the East India Company and was for that reason traveled to the East Indies. Then he settled in Amsterdam, where he married Fijtje Ca...

a Dutch painter and illustrator from the period of the Golden Age. De Verwer was the son and pupil of Abraham de Verwer and followed him in style and theme. He produced primarily marine art. From 1651 to 1656 he was employed by the East India Company and was for that reason traveled to the East Indies. Then he settled in Amsterdam, where he married Fijtje Caspers in 1659.

a Dutch Golden Age painter. Ary de Vois was born and died in Leiden. He was the son of Alewijn de Vois from Utrecht, who was organist in the Pieterskerk, Leiden. Ary became a pupil in Utrecht of Nikolaus Knüpfer, who also taught Jan Steen. Ary then returned to Leiden to study with Abraham van den Tempel, who lived there between 1648 and 1660. De Vois joined...

a Dutch Golden Age painter. Ary de Vois was born and died in Leiden. He was the son of Alewijn de Vois from Utrecht, who was organist in the Pieterskerk, Leiden. Ary became a pupil in Utrecht of Nikolaus Knüpfer, who also taught Jan Steen. Ary then returned to Leiden to study with Abraham van den Tempel, who lived there between 1648 and 1660. De Vois joined the Leiden Guild of St Luke on 16 October 1653, paying dues until 1677. He was dean in 1662-64, headman in 1664-65 and dean again from 1667-68. He married Maria van der Vecht, on 5 February 1656.

a leading Antwerp painter and draughtsman in the late sixteenth century. Like Frans Floris, he travelled to Italy and adopted the mannerist style popular at the time. De Vos was also highly influenced by the colors of Venetian painting, and might have worked in the studio of Tintoretto. He was also the founder of the society of the Romanists, which brought t...

a leading Antwerp painter and draughtsman in the late sixteenth century. Like Frans Floris, he travelled to Italy and adopted the mannerist style popular at the time. De Vos was also highly influenced by the colors of Venetian painting, and might have worked in the studio of Tintoretto. He was also the founder of the society of the Romanists, which brought together artists, connoisseurs and humanists who had travelled to Rome and appreciated its humanist culture.

a Flemish Baroque painter who specialized in still lifes and animal and hunting scenes. De Vos enjoyed the patronage of influential aristocrats in Spain such as the marquis the Leganes, head of the Council of Flanders in Madrid and Philippe-Charles, 3rd Count of Arenberg, then residing in Madrid. He often signed his paintings but never dated them which makes...

a Flemish Baroque painter who specialized in still lifes and animal and hunting scenes. De Vos enjoyed the patronage of influential aristocrats in Spain such as the marquis the Leganes, head of the Council of Flanders in Madrid and Philippe-Charles, 3rd Count of Arenberg, then residing in Madrid. He often signed his paintings but never dated them which makes it difficult to establish a precise chronology. He painted scenes of pantries, quarrelling dogs, bird concerts and animal fights.

a Dutch Golden Age painter. De Vries was born in Rotterdam. He made a grand tour and traveled to Southern France (and possibly Italy) in the 1620s. After his return north, he later made several trips to Paris and Antwerp. In 1632-1633 he made a portrait of the regents of the city orphanage in Amsterdam that is still installed on the wall for which it was des...

a Dutch Golden Age painter. De Vries was born in Rotterdam. He made a grand tour and traveled to Southern France (and possibly Italy) in the 1620s. After his return north, he later made several trips to Paris and Antwerp. In 1632-1633 he made a portrait of the regents of the city orphanage in Amsterdam that is still installed on the wall for which it was designed in the regent's room. He became a member of the Confrerie Pictura in 1644, and is known for portraits and landscapes. He painted several wedding portraits in which the man is situated on the left and the woman on the right.

a Flemish painter, engraver and merchant who was primarily active in Genoa in Italy. He is known for his genre paintings, battle scenes and history paintings. Through his art work, support for Flemish painters working in Italy and role as an art dealer, he played an important role in the artistic exchange between Italy and Flanders in the first half of the 1...

a Flemish painter, engraver and merchant who was primarily active in Genoa in Italy. He is known for his genre paintings, battle scenes and history paintings. Through his art work, support for Flemish painters working in Italy and role as an art dealer, he played an important role in the artistic exchange between Italy and Flanders in the first half of the 17th century.

a Flemish painter and engraver who mainly painted religious works and landscapes. He became a master in the Guild of St. Luke in 1584 and then travelled to Paris with the painter Jan de Mayer. The principal importance of Jan de Wael lies in his role as a teacher. He trained his sons Cornelis de Wael and Lucas de Wael as painters and engravers. They resided f...

a Flemish painter and engraver who mainly painted religious works and landscapes. He became a master in the Guild of St. Luke in 1584 and then travelled to Paris with the painter Jan de Mayer. The principal importance of Jan de Wael lies in his role as a teacher. He trained his sons Cornelis de Wael and Lucas de Wael as painters and engravers. They resided for a long period in Italy where they settled in Genoa.

a Dutch Golden Age painter, whose works were largely influenced by Rembrandt. The Great Gallery of the Palace of Holyroodhouse in Edinburgh was decorated with portraits by Jacob de Wet of 106 (possibly 110) Scottish monarchs, from the legendary King Fergus to James ...

a Dutch Golden Age painter, whose works were largely influenced by Rembrandt. The Great Gallery of the Palace of Holyroodhouse in Edinburgh was decorated with portraits by Jacob de Wet of 106 (possibly 110) Scottish monarchs, from the legendary King Fergus to James VII, produced to the order of James and his elder brother, Charles II.

a Dutch artist and interior decorator who painted many religious scenes. He was born in Amsterdam, and became famous for his door and ceiling paintings. While in Antwerp, he made a series of watercolor sketches of the Rubens ceilings in the Carolus Borromeuskerk in Antwerp. After the church was struck by lightning in 1718 these became a historical document, ...

a Dutch artist and interior decorator who painted many religious scenes. He was born in Amsterdam, and became famous for his door and ceiling paintings. While in Antwerp, he made a series of watercolor sketches of the Rubens ceilings in the Carolus Borromeuskerk in Antwerp. After the church was struck by lightning in 1718 these became a historical document, and his pupil Jan Punt later engraved his sketches and published them in 1751.

a Belgian historical and portrait painter. Decaisne was born at Brussels in 1799. As early as 1814 he began to study painting under François, and in 1818 upon the advice of David he went to Paris and entered the studio of Girodet, whence he removed to that of Gros. Several pictures by him are at Versailles; among them are the 'Entry of Charles VII into Roue...

a Belgian historical and portrait painter. Decaisne was born at Brussels in 1799. As early as 1814 he began to study painting under François, and in 1818 upon the advice of David he went to Paris and entered the studio of Girodet, whence he removed to that of Gros. Several pictures by him are at Versailles; among them are the 'Entry of Charles VII into Rouen' (1838), and the 'Institution of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem' (1842). In 1839 he completed his colossal work, ' Les Belges Illustres.' He died in Paris in 1852.

an enamel painter of Limoges, who served as official portrait painter to the monarchs of Scotland and France. In 1567, he is recorded as court painter of Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots, although it is not clear if he had actually accompanied her to Scotland. In 1572...

an enamel painter of Limoges, who served as official portrait painter to the monarchs of Scotland and France. In 1567, he is recorded as court painter of Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots, although it is not clear if he had actually accompanied her to Scotland. In 1572, he succeeded François Clouet as painter to the king at the court of her brother-in-law Charles IX of France, and was in turn succeeded by his son, Charles de Court, in 1584 or 1589. Jean de Court painted in 1574 a portrait of Henry III, then Duke of Anjou.

a late gothic painter from Northern Germany. He was born in Lübeck. Dedeke completed the Altar of St. Luke (Lukas-Altar) at the Hamburg Mariendom in 1499 for the Hamburg Guild of Saint Luke. It had been left unfinished by his late colleagues Hinrik Bornemann and Absolon Stumme; Dedeke married the widow of the latter man. In 1502 he attained the title of Mas...

a late gothic painter from Northern Germany. He was born in Lübeck. Dedeke completed the Altar of St. Luke (Lukas-Altar) at the Hamburg Mariendom in 1499 for the Hamburg Guild of Saint Luke. It had been left unfinished by his late colleagues Hinrik Bornemann and Absolon Stumme; Dedeke married the widow of the latter man. In 1502 he attained the title of Master of the Brotherhood of St. Thomas. He has been identified with the anonymous "Master of the Halepagen Altar". He died in Hamburg.

a Spanish Baroque painter. Del Castillo was born in Seville, and was an older brother of the painter Juan del Castillo. Both brothers were trained in painting by Luis Fernández in Seville. Afterwards he moved to Córdoba, where he painted religious frescoes and oil paintings. Most of his works were destroyed. Castillo died in Córdoba, Spain. His son Antoni...

a Spanish Baroque painter. Del Castillo was born in Seville, and was an older brother of the painter Juan del Castillo. Both brothers were trained in painting by Luis Fernández in Seville. Afterwards he moved to Córdoba, where he painted religious frescoes and oil paintings. Most of his works were destroyed. Castillo died in Córdoba, Spain. His son Antonio became also a notable artist.

a Spanish Baroque painter. Many of his paintings became famous during his time due to his pupil, Bartolomé Esteban Murillo. Del Castillo was the youngest brother of the painter Agustín. Both were trained in painting by Luis Fernández in Seville. Afterwards he painted religious frescoes and oil paintings around Seville, and also in Granada and Cádiz. Amon...

a Spanish Baroque painter. Many of his paintings became famous during his time due to his pupil, Bartolomé Esteban Murillo. Del Castillo was the youngest brother of the painter Agustín. Both were trained in painting by Luis Fernández in Seville. Afterwards he painted religious frescoes and oil paintings around Seville, and also in Granada and Cádiz. Amongst his students were his brother-in-law Alonso Cano and his nephew Antonio, as well as Bartolomé Esteban Murillo, Pedro de Moya, Andro de Medina and Juan de Valdés Leal. His work was influenced by Venetian style.

a Flemish Baroque painter, architect, engineer, astronomer, and art dealer who was part of the inner circle of Peter Paul Rubens. It is believed that he became a pupil of Rubens between 1598 (the year in which Rubens became a master) and 1600. He possibly studied under another master before becoming Rubens’ pupil. He also worked as an architect and militar...

a Flemish Baroque painter, architect, engineer, astronomer, and art dealer who was part of the inner circle of Peter Paul Rubens. It is believed that he became a pupil of Rubens between 1598 (the year in which Rubens became a master) and 1600. He possibly studied under another master before becoming Rubens’ pupil. He also worked as an architect and military engineer for King Philip III of Spain.

an Italian painter of the High Renaissance and early Mannerist periods famous as the only major artist of the period to combine the coloring of the Venetian school in which he was trained with the monumental forms of the Roman school. His nickname derived from the lucrative Papal appointment as Keeper of the Seal (piombo or "lead", as in the metal, means a s...

an Italian painter of the High Renaissance and early Mannerist periods famous as the only major artist of the period to combine the coloring of the Venetian school in which he was trained with the monumental forms of the Roman school. His nickname derived from the lucrative Papal appointment as Keeper of the Seal (piombo or "lead", as in the metal, means a seal), which he held from 1531. Never a very disciplined or productive painter, his artistic productivity fell still further after this, which committed him to attend on the pope most days, and travel with him.

a French Romantic artist regarded from the outset of his career as the leader of the French Romantic school. As a painter and muralist, Delacroix's use of expressive brushstrokes and his study of the optical effects of colour profoundly shaped the work of the Impressionists, while his passion for the exotic inspired the artists of the Symbolist movement. A f...

a French Romantic artist regarded from the outset of his career as the leader of the French Romantic school. As a painter and muralist, Delacroix's use of expressive brushstrokes and his study of the optical effects of colour profoundly shaped the work of the Impressionists, while his passion for the exotic inspired the artists of the Symbolist movement. A fine lithographer, Delacroix illustrated various works of William Shakespeare, the Scottish author Walter Scott and the German author Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.

a portrait painter active in the colony of New York. He was a pupil of Benjamin West in London. Nothing is known of his early training, nor of the reason or date of his journey to London, though he is said to have been the second painter to study with West, and may...

a portrait painter active in the colony of New York. He was a pupil of Benjamin West in London. Nothing is known of his early training, nor of the reason or date of his journey to London, though he is said to have been the second painter to study with West, and may be one of the figures in The American School, the well-known painting by Matthew Pratt. He left that city soon after the arrival of Charles Willson Peale in February, 1767; the latter artist recorded that Delanoy had remained in town long after West believed he had returned home. West encouraged his pupil to copy one or two paintings to take home with him.

a well-known and highly regarded French artist during the second half of the 18th century. One of his paintings, Portrait of a Seated Gentleman, is the subject of some mystery. The well-executed portrait, dated 1785, shows an 18th-century gentleman sitting at a desk and beginning to write on a single sheet of paper. On the desk in the foreground is a copy of...

a well-known and highly regarded French artist during the second half of the 18th century. One of his paintings, Portrait of a Seated Gentleman, is the subject of some mystery. The well-executed portrait, dated 1785, shows an 18th-century gentleman sitting at a desk and beginning to write on a single sheet of paper. On the desk in the foreground is a copy of De la Caisse d'Escompte, a financial pamphlet published on 17 May 1785 by the famous French orator and statesman Mirabeau. This portrait is particularly intriguing because it was painted several years before Mirabeau achieved prominence, and because the conspicuous financial pamphlet ultimately had important repercussions leading up to the French Revolution. It is believed by some to be the earliest known portrait of Thomas Jefferson.

a French painter. He was trained by Antoine-Jean, Baron Gros, a painter of life-size historical subjects who had many students. Delaroche's paintings, with their straightforward technique and dramatic compositions, became very popular. In 1837 Delaroche received the commission for the great picture that came to be known as the Hémicycle, a Raphaelesque tabl...

a French painter. He was trained by Antoine-Jean, Baron Gros, a painter of life-size historical subjects who had many students. Delaroche's paintings, with their straightforward technique and dramatic compositions, became very popular. In 1837 Delaroche received the commission for the great picture that came to be known as the Hémicycle, a Raphaelesque tableau influenced by The School of Athens.

a French academic painter. He was born at Nantes in the Loire-Atlantique département of France. Delaunay studied under Flandrin, and at the École des Beaux Arts in Paris under Lamothe. He worked in the classicist manner of Ingres until, after winning the Prix de Rome, he went to Italy; in 1856, and abandoned the ideal of Raphaelesque perfection for the sin...

a French academic painter. He was born at Nantes in the Loire-Atlantique département of France. Delaunay studied under Flandrin, and at the École des Beaux Arts in Paris under Lamothe. He worked in the classicist manner of Ingres until, after winning the Prix de Rome, he went to Italy; in 1856, and abandoned the ideal of Raphaelesque perfection for the sincerity and severity of the quattrocentists.

a Dutch Golden Age engraver and painter. Delff was born and died in Delft. He learned painting from his father, Jacob Willemsz Delff the Elder, who painted a family portrait with his sons and wife Maria Joachimsdr Nagel. Jacob's sons were all artists in their own right; Cornelis (top left in the portrait) became a still life painter, while Rochus (between Co...

a Dutch Golden Age engraver and painter. Delff was born and died in Delft. He learned painting from his father, Jacob Willemsz Delff the Elder, who painted a family portrait with his sons and wife Maria Joachimsdr Nagel. Jacob's sons were all artists in their own right; Cornelis (top left in the portrait) became a still life painter, while Rochus (between Cornelis and his father) became a portrait painter like his father. Willem married a daughter of Michiel Jansz van Mierevelt and became a renowned engraver. His son Jacob Willemsz Delff the Younger became a painter.

an Italian Mannerist painter in fresco and oils. He was of the Emilian school, and was part of the team of artists called the School of Fontainebleau that introduced the Italianate Renaissance to France. His style was modified by exposure to Correggio and Parmigianino, when he moved to Bologna in 1547. In Bologna, most of his painting depicted elaborate land...

an Italian Mannerist painter in fresco and oils. He was of the Emilian school, and was part of the team of artists called the School of Fontainebleau that introduced the Italianate Renaissance to France. His style was modified by exposure to Correggio and Parmigianino, when he moved to Bologna in 1547. In Bologna, most of his painting depicted elaborate landscapes and aristocratic genre scenes of hunting and courtly loves, often paralleled in mythologic narratives. It was during this time that he decorated the Palazzo Poggi, and executed a cycle of frescoes illustrating Orlando Furioso in the ducal palace at Sassuolo, near Modena.

a Belgian painter active primarily in Italy. Denis first studied in his native city of Antwerp, with the landscape and animal painter H.-J. Antonissen. The work of Balthasar Paul Ommeganck also influenced his style. He moved to Paris in the 1780s, and soon gained the patronage of genre painter and art dealer Jean-Baptiste Lebrun, whose support allowed him to...

a Belgian painter active primarily in Italy. Denis first studied in his native city of Antwerp, with the landscape and animal painter H.-J. Antonissen. The work of Balthasar Paul Ommeganck also influenced his style. He moved to Paris in the 1780s, and soon gained the patronage of genre painter and art dealer Jean-Baptiste Lebrun, whose support allowed him to move to Rome in 1786. His paintings there attracted favorable attention, and in 1787 he married a local woman. He remained close to the Flemish community in Rome, and in 1789 was elected to head the Foundation St.-Julien-des-Flamands. He also developed ties within the French artistic community.

a German painter, highly regarded as a portraitist. He painted mostly half-length and head-and-shoulders portraits and a few group portraits of families in interiors. Usually Denner concentrated on the face; clothes and paraphernalia were done by other painters or later his daughter. His chief peculiarity consisted in the fineness of his mechanical finish, w...

a German painter, highly regarded as a portraitist. He painted mostly half-length and head-and-shoulders portraits and a few group portraits of families in interiors. Usually Denner concentrated on the face; clothes and paraphernalia were done by other painters or later his daughter. His chief peculiarity consisted in the fineness of his mechanical finish, which extended to depicting even the almost invisible furze of hair growing on smooth skin. He is particularly noted for his heads of old men and women.

a famous French Baroque painter of the 17th century, from the city of Nancy. Deruet was an apprentice to Jacques Bellange, the official court painter to Charles III, Duke of Lorraine. He was in Rome between ca. 1612 and 1619, where - according to André Félibien - he studied with the painter and etcher Antonio Tempesta. During his stay in Rome, he painted t...

a famous French Baroque painter of the 17th century, from the city of Nancy. Deruet was an apprentice to Jacques Bellange, the official court painter to Charles III, Duke of Lorraine. He was in Rome between ca. 1612 and 1619, where - according to André Félibien - he studied with the painter and etcher Antonio Tempesta. During his stay in Rome, he painted the Japanese samurai Hasekura Tsunenaga on a visit to Europe in 1615.

a French painter and decorative designer who specialised in animals. Desportes was born in Champigneulle, Ardennes. He studied in Paris, in the studio of the Flemish painter Nicasius Bernaerts, a pupil of Frans Snyders. During a brief soujourn in Poland, 1695–96, he painted portraits of John III Sobieski and Polish aristocrats; after the king's death Despo...

a French painter and decorative designer who specialised in animals. Desportes was born in Champigneulle, Ardennes. He studied in Paris, in the studio of the Flemish painter Nicasius Bernaerts, a pupil of Frans Snyders. During a brief soujourn in Poland, 1695–96, he painted portraits of John III Sobieski and Polish aristocrats; after the king's death Desportes returned to Paris, convinced that he should specialise in animals and flowers. He was received by the Académie de peinture et de sculpture in 1699, with the Self-Portrait in Hunting Dress now in the Musée du Louvre.

an English artist, born in the United States of America, who was associated with the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood. He studied art at the Royal Academy schools, where he met Dante Gabriel Rossetti. It was Deverell who "discovered" Elizabeth Siddal, the Pre-Raph...

an English artist, born in the United States of America, who was associated with the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood. He studied art at the Royal Academy schools, where he met Dante Gabriel Rossetti. It was Deverell who "discovered" Elizabeth Siddal, the Pre-Raphaelites' most important early model. However, despite his attraction to her, she later married Rossetti. Rossetti's assistant Henry Treffry Dunn was recommended for the position by Deverell. After the resignation of James Collinson from the PRB, Rossetti proposed that Deverell should replace him, but no decision was ever made.

a French painter and lithographer known for his portraits of famous writers and artists. By 1830 Devéria had become a successful illustrator and had published many lithographs in the form of notebooks and albums (e.g., his illustrations to Johann Wolfg...

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a French painter and lithographer known for his portraits of famous writers and artists. By 1830 Devéria had become a successful illustrator and had published many lithographs in the form of notebooks and albums (e.g., his illustrations to Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's Faust, 1828) and romantic novels. He also produced many engravings of libertine contents. Devéria's experience in the art of the vignette and Mezzotint influenced his numerous lithographs, most of which were issued by his father-in-law, Charles-Etienne Motte (1785–1836). Most of his work consisted of "pseudo-historical, pious, sentimental or erotic scenes". (Wright) Since he rarely depicted tragic or grave themes, he appears less Romantic than many other artists of the time. His paintings were mainly done using watercolours.

a French Romantic painter of history paintings. He held to the taste for historic subjects that he painted according to the academic formulae of the time. His elder brother was the painter and lithographer Achille Devéria. He was a student of Girodet-Trioson and Guillaume Guillon Lethière and of his own brother, Achille Devéria. He exhibited for the first...

a French Romantic painter of history paintings. He held to the taste for historic subjects that he painted according to the academic formulae of the time. His elder brother was the painter and lithographer Achille Devéria. He was a student of Girodet-Trioson and Guillaume Guillon Lethière and of his own brother, Achille Devéria. He exhibited for the first time at the salon of 1824 and saw success with La Naissance de Henri IV in 1827. With Eugène Delacroix and Louis Boulanger, he was one of the main proponents of the French Romantic movement in painting. Eugène Devéria had as one of his students Auguste-Barthélemy Glaize.

an English portrait painter, particularly known for the type of portrait now called a conversation piece. Devis received his greatest number of commissions for portraits between 1748 and 1758. Many of the pictures show the sitters in landscapes. Although portrayed with what seems like precise topographical detail, these views, like all but one of the interio...

an English portrait painter, particularly known for the type of portrait now called a conversation piece. Devis received his greatest number of commissions for portraits between 1748 and 1758. Many of the pictures show the sitters in landscapes. Although portrayed with what seems like precise topographical detail, these views, like all but one of the interiors, were mostly invented by Devis. The exception is the neo-Gothic library at Arbury Hall shown in Devis's portrait of Sir Roger Newdigate, who holds the plan for the room on his knee.

an English painter of history paintings and portraits. He was appointed draughtsman on the British East India Company's packet Antelope in a voyage in 1783, under Captain Henry Wilson. In her he was injured in an encounter with Papuans near the Schouten Islands and was then wrecked on the Pelew Islands before proceeding to Canton and thence to Bengal. He pai...

an English painter of history paintings and portraits. He was appointed draughtsman on the British East India Company's packet Antelope in a voyage in 1783, under Captain Henry Wilson. In her he was injured in an encounter with Papuans near the Schouten Islands and was then wrecked on the Pelew Islands before proceeding to Canton and thence to Bengal. He painted portraits and historical subjects, sixty-five of which he exhibited (1779–1821) at the Royal Academy.

a Flemish artist and maker of musical instruments. His baroque paintings show a clear influence of Italian masters like Giordano, Maratta, Barocci and southern Dutch painters like Rubens, Van Dyck and Boekhorst. His daughter, Anna Deyster, born in 1696, also became a painter and maker of musical instruments. Deyster was born in 1656 in Bruges. He was a schol...

a Flemish artist and maker of musical instruments. His baroque paintings show a clear influence of Italian masters like Giordano, Maratta, Barocci and southern Dutch painters like Rubens, Van Dyck and Boekhorst. His daughter, Anna Deyster, born in 1696, also became a painter and maker of musical instruments. Deyster was born in 1656 in Bruges. He was a scholar of Jan Maes, a respectable artist of that city. He spent the years from 1682 to 1688 in Italy, and when he returned to his native Bruges he brought with him a flamboyant Roman Baroque style. He was of a deeply religious temper and his character was reflected in his choice of subjects.

a French painter of the Barbizon school. Diaz was born in Bordeaux to Spanish parents. At the age of ten, Diaz became an orphan, and misfortune dogged his early years. His foot was bitten by a reptile in Meudon wood, near Sèvres, where he had been taken to live with some friends of his mother. The bite was poorly dressed, and ultimately he lost his leg. How...

a French painter of the Barbizon school. Diaz was born in Bordeaux to Spanish parents. At the age of ten, Diaz became an orphan, and misfortune dogged his early years. His foot was bitten by a reptile in Meudon wood, near Sèvres, where he had been taken to live with some friends of his mother. The bite was poorly dressed, and ultimately he lost his leg. However, as it turned out, the wooden stump that replaced his leg became famous.

a German painter, composer, and biographer. Copying pictures, chiefly by Salvator Rosa, for a livelihood, his taste led him to draw and paint from nature in Tivoli, Albano and other picturesque places in the vicinity of Rome. Naples, the birthplace of his favorite master, he visited more than once for the same reasons. During the Rome visit, Dies also compos...

a German painter, composer, and biographer. Copying pictures, chiefly by Salvator Rosa, for a livelihood, his taste led him to draw and paint from nature in Tivoli, Albano and other picturesque places in the vicinity of Rome. Naples, the birthplace of his favorite master, he visited more than once for the same reasons. During the Rome visit, Dies also composed music, though later on he apparently destroyed all that he has written, and none of it survives today. Dies was a great admirer of the music of Joseph Haydn and undertook to meet the composer and write his biography.

a German painter and art administrator. In his own works, he was adept at imitating many earlier artists, but never developed a style of his own. Having been sent to Dresden to perfect himself under the care of Johann Alexander Thiele, he had the good fortune to finish in two hours, at the age of eighteen, a picture which attracted the attention of the king ...

a German painter and art administrator. In his own works, he was adept at imitating many earlier artists, but never developed a style of his own. Having been sent to Dresden to perfect himself under the care of Johann Alexander Thiele, he had the good fortune to finish in two hours, at the age of eighteen, a picture which attracted the attention of the king of Saxony. Augustus II was so pleased with Dietrich's readiness of hand that he gave him means to study abroad, and visit in succession the chief cities of Italy and the Netherlands. There he learned to copy and to imitate masters of the previous century with a versatility that was truly surprising.

a French early Renaissance painter. The first written record of his existence dates from 1495 when he lived in Avignon, having lived and worked there his whole life, often working for the city government. In May 1508 he married Honorée Bigle, the daughter of joiner Jean Bigle, with whom he executed orders for the church and painted many pictures, the vast m...

a French early Renaissance painter. The first written record of his existence dates from 1495 when he lived in Avignon, having lived and worked there his whole life, often working for the city government. In May 1508 he married Honorée Bigle, the daughter of joiner Jean Bigle, with whom he executed orders for the church and painted many pictures, the vast majority of which did not survive. Apart from commissions to design numerous altarpieces, Dipre also was hired to execute other forms of decorations, like processional banners and heraldry.

an Italian painter of the Baroque period, active mainly in Florence, known for highly finished religious pictures, often repeated in many versions. The grand manner, vigorous coloration or luminosity, and dynamic emotion of the Bolognese-Roman Baroque are foreign to Dolci and to Baroque Florence. While he fits into a long tradition of prestigious official Fl...

an Italian painter of the Baroque period, active mainly in Florence, known for highly finished religious pictures, often repeated in many versions. The grand manner, vigorous coloration or luminosity, and dynamic emotion of the Bolognese-Roman Baroque are foreign to Dolci and to Baroque Florence. While he fits into a long tradition of prestigious official Florentine painting, Dolci appears constitutionally blind to the new aesthetic, shackled by the Florentine tradition that holds each drawn figure under a microscope of academicism.

an Italian Baroque painter of the Bolognese or Carracci School of painters. Domenichino's work, developed principally from Raphael's and the Carracci's examples, mirrors the theoretical ideas of his friend Giovanni Battista Agucchi, with whom the painter collaborated on a Treatise on Painting. With the election of a Bolognese pope (Gregory XV) in 1621, Domen...

an Italian Baroque painter of the Bolognese or Carracci School of painters. Domenichino's work, developed principally from Raphael's and the Carracci's examples, mirrors the theoretical ideas of his friend Giovanni Battista Agucchi, with whom the painter collaborated on a Treatise on Painting. With the election of a Bolognese pope (Gregory XV) in 1621, Domenichino returned to Rome. Appointed Papal Architect (he built little but left drawings for various projects, most notably for the façade of Sant'Andrea della Valle and for the plan of Sant'Ignazio, both in Rome), he nonetheless continued to be most active as a painter, obtaining many commissions for altarpieces in Roman churches

a Dutch Golden Age landscape painter. Doomer seems to have done well as a painter. He was able to buy at auction a large amount of Rembrandt drawings and sketchbooks after that artist's bankruptcy in 1657. It is from his meticulous copies of these drawings that othe...

a Dutch Golden Age landscape painter. Doomer seems to have done well as a painter. He was able to buy at auction a large amount of Rembrandt drawings and sketchbooks after that artist's bankruptcy in 1657. It is from his meticulous copies of these drawings that others concluded that he was a Rembrandt pupil, but that is not certain. In 1663 he made a trip down the Rhine all the way to Switzerland.

a French artist, printmaker, illustrator and sculptor. Doré worked primarily with wood engraving. In 1853, Doré was asked to illustrate the works of Lord George Gordon Byron. This commission was followed by additional work for British publishers, includi...

a French artist, printmaker, illustrator and sculptor. Doré worked primarily with wood engraving. In 1853, Doré was asked to illustrate the works of Lord George Gordon Byron. This commission was followed by additional work for British publishers, including a new illustrated Bible. In 1856 he produced twelve folio-size illustrations of The Legend of The Wandering Jew, which propagated long standing anti-semitic views of the time, for a short poem which Pierre-Jean de Ranger had derived from a novel of Eugène Sue of 1845.

a German artist. At first a pupil of Rösch at Freiburg and of Ignaz Bauer at Augsburg. He afterwards visited Italy, the Netherlands, and Paris; and excelled as a painter of historical and genre subjects. He was a professor and director of the Gallery at Munich in 1770, and died in that city. In the Darmstadt Gallery is a picture of 'Two Soldiers and a Maid...

a German artist. At first a pupil of Rösch at Freiburg and of Ignaz Bauer at Augsburg. He afterwards visited Italy, the Netherlands, and Paris; and excelled as a painter of historical and genre subjects. He was a professor and director of the Gallery at Munich in 1770, and died in that city. In the Darmstadt Gallery is a picture of 'Two Soldiers and a Maiden' by him; and in the Pinakothek at Munich, a 'Linen Draper,' which is a portrait of his wife, dated 1775.

an Italian Renaissance painter who belonged to the School of Ferrara, painting in a style mainly influenced by Venetian painting, in particular Giorgione and early Titian. From 1514 to his death he was court artist to the Este Dukes of Ferrara and of Modena, whose small court valued its reputation as an artistic centre. He often worked with his younger broth...

an Italian Renaissance painter who belonged to the School of Ferrara, painting in a style mainly influenced by Venetian painting, in particular Giorgione and early Titian. From 1514 to his death he was court artist to the Este Dukes of Ferrara and of Modena, whose small court valued its reputation as an artistic centre. He often worked with his younger brother Battista Dossi, who had worked under Raphael.

a Dutch Golden Age painter, whose small, highly polished paintings are typical of the Leiden fijnschilders. He specialised in genre scenes and is noted for his trompe l'oeil "niche" paintings and candlelit night-scenes with strong chiaroscuro. He was a student of Rembra...

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a Dutch Golden Age painter, whose small, highly polished paintings are typical of the Leiden fijnschilders. He specialised in genre scenes and is noted for his trompe l'oeil "niche" paintings and candlelit night-scenes with strong chiaroscuro. He was a student of Rembrandt. Notwithstanding the minuteness of his touch, the general effect was harmonious and free from stiffness, and his colour was always fresh and transparent. He often represented subjects in lantern or candle light, the effects of which he reproduced with an unparalleled fidelity and skill.

a Flemish painter. He was born at Liège, and studied for some time at Antwerp in the school of Rubens, and afterwards in Italy. He composed and designed with good taste, and his historical pictures are much esteemed. 'Pope Nicholas V. at the Tomb of St. Francis of Assisi ' (painted in 1627), 'St. Helena and the true Cross' (painted for the Abbey of St. Lawr...

a Flemish painter. He was born at Liège, and studied for some time at Antwerp in the school of Rubens, and afterwards in Italy. He composed and designed with good taste, and his historical pictures are much esteemed. 'Pope Nicholas V. at the Tomb of St. Francis of Assisi ' (painted in 1627), 'St. Helena and the true Cross' (painted for the Abbey of St. Lawrence, Liege), and two male portraits (one dated 1624), are in the Munich Gallery. He died at Liege.

an American artist associated with the Hudson River School. Born in Philadelphia, Thomas Doughty was the first American artist to work exclusively as a landscapist and was successful both for his skill and the fact that Americans were turning their interest to landscape. He was known for his quiet, often atmospheric landscapes of the rivers and mountains of ...

an American artist associated with the Hudson River School. Born in Philadelphia, Thomas Doughty was the first American artist to work exclusively as a landscapist and was successful both for his skill and the fact that Americans were turning their interest to landscape. He was known for his quiet, often atmospheric landscapes of the rivers and mountains of Pennsylvania, New York, New England, and especially the Hudson River Valley. He taught himself how to paint while apprenticing for a leather manufacturer.

a historical painter. He studied under Kugelgen in Dresden, but went in 1823 to Italy and took up his quarters in Rome, where he followed, as a nondescript in life and art, his own peculiar style of colouring. In his desire to attain the charm of the colours of the great Venetians, a very faded picture of that school led him to the conviction that they paint...

a historical painter. He studied under Kugelgen in Dresden, but went in 1823 to Italy and took up his quarters in Rome, where he followed, as a nondescript in life and art, his own peculiar style of colouring. In his desire to attain the charm of the colours of the great Venetians, a very faded picture of that school led him to the conviction that they painted their pictures entirely in grey before putting on the bright colours.

an English engraver of Flemish descent, whose fame rests almost completely on the fact that he made the title portrait for William Shakespeare's collected works, the First Folio of 1623, edited by John Heminges and Henry Condell, fellow actors of the Bard....

an English engraver of Flemish descent, whose fame rests almost completely on the fact that he made the title portrait for William Shakespeare's collected works, the First Folio of 1623, edited by John Heminges and Henry Condell, fellow actors of the Bard. Nevertheless, Droeshout produced other more ambitious designs in his career.

Born in Oberhergheim, France. Learned to paint from an artist in Schlestadt, and then attended the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris. From 1802 to 1813 he worked for the Sèvres porcelain factory, contributing many engraving designs. While he exhibited his works from 1793 to 1817, he gained celebrity status in 1815 for Interior of a Kitchen. Drolling liv...

Born in Oberhergheim, France. Learned to paint from an artist in Schlestadt, and then attended the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris. From 1802 to 1813 he worked for the Sèvres porcelain factory, contributing many engraving designs. While he exhibited his works from 1793 to 1817, he gained celebrity status in 1815 for Interior of a Kitchen. Drolling lived in Paris until his death.

a Dutch Golden Age painter. Droochsloot was born and died in Utrecht. According to Houbraken his village scenes (Boerekermisstuk) were as popular as flower pieces by Bartholomeus Assteyn. Houbraken thought he was born in Gorinchem or Dordrecht, and claimed he worked for a long time in Dordrecht. He felt his work was always according to a set pattern, where c...

a Dutch Golden Age painter. Droochsloot was born and died in Utrecht. According to Houbraken his village scenes (Boerekermisstuk) were as popular as flower pieces by Bartholomeus Assteyn. Houbraken thought he was born in Gorinchem or Dordrecht, and claimed he worked for a long time in Dordrecht. He felt his work was always according to a set pattern, where cake sellers were portrayed in front of village houses with figures in a festive setting called a "farmer's circus".

a Dutch Golden Age painter and printmaker of history paintings and portraits. He died young, at the age of 25. He is a mysterious figure, closely associated with Rembrandt, with very few paintings clearly attributable to him. He was presumably born in Amsterdam, in ...

a Dutch Golden Age painter and printmaker of history paintings and portraits. He died young, at the age of 25. He is a mysterious figure, closely associated with Rembrandt, with very few paintings clearly attributable to him. He was presumably born in Amsterdam, in what was then known as the United Provinces of the Netherlands, but when and where is unknown. Around 1650, according to the early art historian Houbraken, he became a student of Rembrandt, eventually developing a close working relationship, painting history scenes, biblical compositions, symbolic studies of a solitary figure, as well as portraits.

a French painter and the father of Jean-Germain Drouais. Drouais was born and died in Paris. He specialized in portraits of the French nobility, foreign aristocrats, writers, and other artists. He was a pupil of Donat Nonnotte. Some of his portraits include Louis XV's last two mistresses, Madame de Pompadour and Madame du Barry respectively. He even painted ...

a French painter and the father of Jean-Germain Drouais. Drouais was born and died in Paris. He specialized in portraits of the French nobility, foreign aristocrats, writers, and other artists. He was a pupil of Donat Nonnotte. Some of his portraits include Louis XV's last two mistresses, Madame de Pompadour and Madame du Barry respectively. He even painted the young Marie Antoinette.

a French historical painter, was born in Paris. In 1783 he was admitted to compete for the great prize of painting offered by the Academy, the subject being the Widow of Nain. After inspecting the works of his fellow-competitors, however, he lost hope and destroyed his own canvas, but was consoled by the assurance of his master David that he had not done bad...

a French historical painter, was born in Paris. In 1783 he was admitted to compete for the great prize of painting offered by the Academy, the subject being the Widow of Nain. After inspecting the works of his fellow-competitors, however, he lost hope and destroyed his own canvas, but was consoled by the assurance of his master David that he had not done badly, and would have won the prize. This was further revealed by the fact that no first prize was awarded in 1783 after his work was withdrawn. The next year he was triumphantly successful.

a German painter. From 1778 Dryander was a traveling painter at various farms in southern Hesse, before 1788 court painter at the court of the Prince of Nassau-Saarbrücken was in Saarbrücken. Dryander was court painter primarily a portrait painter of high society at the court and painted next to Prince Ludwig and his family and the upper middle class of th...

a German painter. From 1778 Dryander was a traveling painter at various farms in southern Hesse, before 1788 court painter at the court of the Prince of Nassau-Saarbrücken was in Saarbrücken. Dryander was court painter primarily a portrait painter of high society at the court and painted next to Prince Ludwig and his family and the upper middle class of the city. In 1789 he married the 24-year-old Catharina Elisabetha Zix. The marriage produced two daughters and a son were born.

a Dutch Golden Age painter of marine subjects and winter landscapes, who spent much of his career working in the studios of other marine artists. Dubbels was born and lived his entire life in Amsterdam. The 1650s were the period of his best work, including his winter landscapes, which were strongly influenced by those of Jan van de Cappelle, as were his tran...

a Dutch Golden Age painter of marine subjects and winter landscapes, who spent much of his career working in the studios of other marine artists. Dubbels was born and lived his entire life in Amsterdam. The 1650s were the period of his best work, including his winter landscapes, which were strongly influenced by those of Jan van de Cappelle, as were his tranquil marine scenes.

a Flemish-born French painter. Dubois was born in Antwerp and became a painter of the second School of Fontainebleau. His influences were Niccolò dell'Abbate and Francesco Primaticcio. Dubois painted primarily portraits and mythological scenes. Dubreuil was painter to Marie de Médicis in 1606, decorating the Queen's Cabinet with episodes from Tancred and C...

a Flemish-born French painter. Dubois was born in Antwerp and became a painter of the second School of Fontainebleau. His influences were Niccolò dell'Abbate and Francesco Primaticcio. Dubois painted primarily portraits and mythological scenes. Dubreuil was painter to Marie de Médicis in 1606, decorating the Queen's Cabinet with episodes from Tancred and Clorinda. He died in Fontainebleau.

a French Baroque portrait painter in the manner of Michiel Jansz van Mierevelt . He worked mostly in Leiden. He was studying there in 1628; in 1636 he was spending time in Amsterdam, but was back in Leiden in 1638. He became a member of the Leiden...

a French Baroque portrait painter in the manner of Michiel Jansz van Mierevelt . He worked mostly in Leiden. He was studying there in 1628; in 1636 he was spending time in Amsterdam, but was back in Leiden in 1638. He became a member of the Leiden Guild of St. Luke in 1648, 1651, and during the years 1665–1676. His works are in the style of Mierevelt, but not as richly detailed. Some of his portraits were engraved by Dutch and French engravers.