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an attorney who represented several enslaved people during the trials in the wake of Nat Turner's slave rebellion. Gray published The Confessions of Nat Turner, which purports to be Turner's confession and account of his life leading up the rebellion, as well as an account of Turner's motives and actions during the rebellion.
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Nat Turner
...death, and hanged. Soon after Turner's execution, Thomas Ruffin Gray took it upon himself to publish The Confessions of...
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Thomas Ruffin Gray18001830
 
1839unknown

Richard Allen [2]1760, Feb 141777
 
18311831, Mar 26
 a minister, educator, writer, and one of America's most active and influential black leaders. In ...
Marianne Ehrenstrom1773, Dec 91790
 
18311867, Jan 4
 a Swedish writer, singer, painter, pianist, culture personality, memorialist, principal and lady-...
John Watkins [2]unknown1792
 
1831unknown
 an English miscellaneous writer, known as a biographer. He is most famous for being the author of...
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel1770, Aug 271793
 
18311831, Nov 14
 a German philosopher and an important figure of German Idealism. He achieved wide renown in his d...
Sir Walter Scott1771, Aug 151796
 
18311832, Sep 21
  a Scottish historical novelist, playwright and poet with many contemporary readers in Europe, Au...
Jean-Francois Champollion1790, Dec 231806
 
18311832, Mar 4
 a French scholar, philologist and orientalist, known primarily as the decipherer of the Egyptian ...
Nat Turner1800, Oct 21822
 
18311831, Nov 11
 an African-American slave who led a slave rebellion of slaves and free blacks in Southampton Coun...
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe1749, Aug 281770
 
18321832, Mar 22
 a German writer and statesman. His body of work includes epic and lyric poetry written in a varie...
Bryan Procter1787, Nov 211815
 
18321874, Oct 5
 an English poet. Most of his verse was composed between 1815, when he began to contribute to the ...
Emily Clarkunknown1798
 
1833unknown
 an English novelist of the 18th century. There is very little information available about the det...
Charles Lamb1775, Feb 101798
 
18331834, Dec 27
 an English writer and essayist, best known for his Essays of Elia and for the children's book Tal...
Thomas Allen [3]18031827
 
18331833
 an English topographer. In 1827 Allen published a quarto volume, The History and Antiquities o...
William Dunlap1766, Feb 191783
 
18341839, Sep 28
 a pioneer of American theater. He was a producer, playwright, and actor, as well as a historian. ...
Samuel Taylor Coleridge1772, Oct 211792
 
18341834, Jul 25
 an English poet, literary critic and philosopher who, with his friend William Wordsworth, was a f...
William Wirt1772, Nov 81792
 
18341834, Feb 18
 an American author and statesman who is credited with turning the position of United States Attor...
James Hogg17701797
 
18351835, Nov 21
 a Scottish poet, novelist and essayist who wrote in both Scots and English. As a young man he wor...
Thomas Edwards [5]17751805
 
18351845, Oct 20
 a British legal writer. Edwards studied at Trinity Hall, Cambridge, where he proceeded LL.B. in 1...
Robert Southey1774, Aug 121791
 
18371843, Mar 21
 an English poet of the Romantic school, one of the so-called "Lake Poets", and Poet Laureate for ...
Alexander Pushkin1799, Jun 61814
 
18371837, Feb 10
 a Russian poet, playwright, and novelist of the Romantic era who is considered by many to be the ...
Mrs Markham1780, Aug 31823
 
18371837, Jan 24
 an English writer. The best known of her books was A History of England from the First Invasion b...
Georg Buchner1813, Oct 171828
 
18371837, Feb 19
 a German dramatist and writer of poetry and prose, considered part of the Young Germany movement....
Huang Yupianunknown1838
 
 
1838unknown
 best known as the author of A Detailed Refutation of Heresy, written in 1838. A native of ...
Christian Heinrich Nebbien17781783
 
18391841
  a German-born landscaping architect, mainly active in Austria. He also wrote a book on the metho...
Solomon Southwick1773, Dec 251792
 
18391839, Nov 18
 a New York newspaper publisher and political figure who was a principal organizer of the Anti-Mas...
Marta Helena Reenstierna1753, Sep 161793
 
18391841, Jan 12
 a Swedish diary writer. Her diaries were written in the period 1793–1839, and are kept at the a...
Charles Follen1796, Sep 61818
 
18391840, Jan 13
 a German poet and patriot, who later moved to the United States and became the first professor of...
Joseph Antoine Cerviniunknown1820
 
1839unknown
 an author who provided the text for a book titled Voyage Pittoresque dans les Pyrénées Françai...
Huang Juezi17931823
 
18391853
 a Chinese Qing dynasty scholar and civil servant and a fervent opponent of the opium trade. His 1...
William Tooneunknown1830
 
1839unknown
 Author of A Glossary and Etymological Dictionary: Of Obsolete and Uncommon Words (Bennett:...
Johan Olof Wallin1779, Oct 151837
 
18391839, Jun 30
 a Swedish minister, orator, poet and later Lutheran Church of Sweden Archbishop of Uppsala, Swede...
Joel Root17701802
 
18401847
 the author of a journal of his voyage around the world (1802–1806) while working as supercargo ...
Francis Scott Key1779, Aug 11805
 
18401843, Jan 11
 an American lawyer, author, and amateur poet from Frederick, Maryland and later Georgetown, D.C.,...
Edmund Fanning [2]1769, Jul 161773
 
18411841, Apr 23
 an American explorer and sea captain, known as the "Pathfinder of the Pacific." As master of the ...
Asher Benjamin1773, Jun 151794
 
18411845, Jul 26
 an American architect and author whose work transitioned between Federal style architecture and t...
Washington Allston1779, Nov 51801
 
18411843, Jul 9
 an American painter and poet, born in Waccamaw Parish, South Carolina. Allston pioneered America'...
Marguerite Gardiner1789, Sep 11829
 
18411849, Jun 4
 an Irish novelist, journalist, and literary hostess. After her husband's death she supplemented h...
Noah Webster1758, Oct 161781
 
18431843, May 28
 an American lexicographer, textbook pioneer, English-language spelling reformer, political writer...
Alexander Griswold1766, Apr 221836
 
18431843, Feb 15
 the 5th Presiding Bishop of the Episcopal Church from 1836 till 1843. He was also the Episcopal B...
Yevgeny Baratynsky1800, Feb 191820
 
18441844, Jul 11
 A poet, lauded by Alexander Pushkin as the finest Russian elegiac poet. A member of the noble Bar...
Joseph Smith1805, Dec 231827
 
18441844, Jun 27
 an American religious leader and founder of Mormonism and the Latter Day Saint movement. When he ...
Thomas S. Hinde1785, Apr 191801
 
18451846, Feb 9
 an American newspaper editor, opponent of slavery, author, historian, real estate investor, Metho...
Joseph Story1779, Sep 181801
 
18451845, Sep 10
 an American lawyer and jurist who served on the Supreme Court of the United States from 1811 to 1...
Thomas Moore1779, May 281795
 
18461852, Feb 25
 an Irish poet, singer, songwriter, and entertainer, now best remembered for the lyrics of The Min...
Erik Gustaf Geijer1783, Jan 121803
 
18461847, Apr 23
 a Swedish writer, historian, poet, philosopher, and composer. His writings served to promote Swed...
Edouard Alletz17981822
 
18461850
 a French diplomat who wrote a large variety of poems, history, and essays between the years of 18...
William Wordsworth1770, Apr 71787
 
18471850, Apr 23
 a major English Romantic poet who, with Samuel Taylor Coleridge, helped to launch the Romantic Ag...
Robert Montgomery Bird1806, Feb 51827
 
18471854, Jan 23
 an American novelist, playwright, and physician. In 1828, Bird's play Pelopidas won a $1000 prize...
Christianus Petrus Eliza Robide van der Aa1791, Oct 71811
 
18481851, May 14
 a Dutch jurist and author. In the Volksbode, which he edited and almost singlehandedly wrote from...
Nikolai Gogol1809, Mar 191828
 
18481852, Feb 21
 a Russian dramatist of Ukrainian origin. Although Gogol was considered by his contemporaries one ...
Horace Wells1815, Jan 211836
 
18481848, Jan 24
 an American dentist who pioneered the use of anesthesia in dentistry, specifically nitrous oxide ...
Wilhelm Freiherr von Biela1782, Mar 191802
 
18491856, Feb 18
 a German-Austrian military officer and amateur astronomer. In the field of astronomy, he speciali...
Leo von Klenze1784, Feb 291808
 
18491864, Jan 26
 a German neoclassicist architect, painter and writer. Court architect of Bavarian King Ludwig I, ...
William Miller1782, Feb 151809
 
18491849, Dec 20
 an American Baptist preacher who is credited with beginning the mid-19th century North American r...
Edgar Allan Poe1809, Jan 191827
 
18491849, Oct 7
 an American writer, editor, and literary critic. Poe is best known for his poetry and short stori...
Joseph Zedner1804, Feb 101830
 
18491871, Oct 10
 a German Jewish bibliographer and librarian. In 1832 he became a tutor in the family of the book-...
Mary Shelley1797, Aug 301810
 
18501851, Feb 1
 an English novelist, short story writer, dramatist, essayist, biographer, and travel writer, best...
Richard Garnett1789, Jul 251811
 
18501850, Sep 27
 an English philologist (historical linguist), author and librarian at the British Museum. Garnett...
Frederic Bastiat1801, Jun 301818
 
18501850, Dec 24
 a French classical liberal theorist, political economist, Freemason, and member of the French Nat...
Edward Boys17491796
 
18511866
 an English sea captain. In 1803, Boys, when in charge of a prize, was made prisoner by the French...
Lorenz Oken1779, Aug 11802
 
18511851, Aug 11
 a German naturalist, botanist, biologist, and ornithologist. Oken was born Lorenz Okenfuss (Germa...
Sylvester Graham1794, Jul 51828
 
18511851, Sep 11
 a 19th-century Presbyterian minister, was an American dietary reformer, best known for his emphas...
Petar II Petrovic-Njegos1813, Nov 11830
 
18511851, Oct 19
 a Prince-Bishop (vladika) of Montenegro, poet and philosopher whose works are widely considered s...
Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen1778, Sep 91796
 
18521852, Jan 13
 a Baltic-German officer in the Imperial Russian Navy, cartographer and explorer, ultimately rose ...
Francois Arago1786, Feb 261804
 
18521853, Oct 2
 a French mathematician, physicist, astronomer, freemason, supporter of the carbonari and politici...
Eliza Lanesford Cushing1794, Oct 191820
 
18521886, May 4
 an American-Canadian dramatist, short story writer, and editor. The daughter of Hannah Webster Fo...
John Lloyd Stephens1805, Nov 281834
 
18521852, Oct 13
 an American explorer, writer, and diplomat. He initially entered law practice in New York. After ...
Thomas De Quincey1785, Aug 151802
 
18531859, Dec 8
 an English essayist, best known for his Confessions of an English Opium-Eater (1821). Many...
Almeida Garrett1799, Feb 41818
 
18541854, Dec 9
 a Portuguese poet, playwright, novelist and politician. He is considered to be the introducer of ...
Thomas Chilton1798, Jul 301819
 
18541854, Aug 15
 a U.S. Representative from Kentucky, a prominent Baptist clergyman, and the ghost writer of Davy ...
Daniel Florence O'Leary18011820
 
18541854
 a military general and aide-de-camp under Simon Bolivar. He was born in Cork, Ireland; his father...
Robert Schumann18101830
 
18541856
 a German composer and influential music critic. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest comp...
Leigh Hunt1784, Oct 191801
 
18551859, Aug 28
 an English critic, essayist, poet, and writer. In 1816 he made a mark in English literature with ...
Gerard de Nerval1808, May 221824
 
18551855, Jan 26
 the nom-de-plume of the French writer, poet, essayist and translator Gérard Labrunie. A major fi...
Thomas Bailey1785, Jul 311820
 
18561856, Oct 23
 an English topographer and miscellaneous writer. In 1845-6 he became proprietor and editor of the...
Eduard Morike1804, Sep 81831
 
18561875, Jun 4
 a German Romantic poet and writer of novellas and novels. His first published work was the novel ...
Carlo Bassi18071833
 
18561856
 an Italian entomologist. Bassi wrote Description du genre Malacogaster in Guérin-Méneville's Ma...
Robert Owen1771, May 141792
 
18571858, Nov 17
 a Welsh social reformer and one of the founders of utopian socialism and the cooperative movement...
Delia Bacon1811, Feb 21825
 
18571859, Sep 2
 an American writer of plays and short stories and a sister of the Congregational minister Leonard...
Parley P. Pratt1807, Apr 121830
 
18571857, May 13
 an early leader of the Latter Day Saint movement whose writings became a significant early ninete...
Charles David Badham1805, Aug 271833
 
18571857, Jul 14
 an English writer, physician, entomologist, and mycologist. David Badham seems to have started hi...
John Snow1813, Mar 151837
 
18571858, Jun 16
 an English physician and a leader in the adoption of anaesthesia and medical hygiene. He is consi...
Sergey Aksakov1791, Sep 201812
 
18581859, Apr 30
 a 19th-century Russian literary figure remembered for his semi-autobiographical tales of family l...
Charles Hamilton Smith1776, Dec 261787
 
18591859, Sep 21
 an English artist, naturalist, antiquary, illustrator, soldier, and spy. His military career bega...
Pierre Adolphe Piorry1794, Dec 311816
 
18591879, May 29
 a French physician born in Poitiers. He invented pleximetry (a method for the investigation of in...
Thomas Babington Macaulay1800, Oct 251825
 
18591859, Dec 28
 a British historian and Whig politician. He wrote extensively as an essayist and reviewer; his bo...
Lewis Cass1782, Oct 91806
 
18601866, Jun 17
 an American military officer, politician, and statesman. He represented Michigan in the United St...
Elizabeth Barrett Browning1806, Mar 61838
 
18601861, Jun 29
 one of the most prominent English poets of the Victorian era, popular in Britain and the United S...
Franz Grillparzer1791, Jan 151811
 
18611872, Jan 21
 an Austrian writer who is chiefly known for his dramas. He also wrote the oration for Ludwig van ...
Taras Shevchenko1814, Mar 91822
 
18611861, Mar 10
 a Ukrainian poet, writer, artist, public and political figure, as well as folklorist and ethnogra...
James H. Ward1806, Sep 251823
 
18611861, Jun 27
 the first officer of the United States Navy killed during the American Civil War. He taught cours...
Stephen P. Hill1806, Apr 171832
 
18611884, Sep 15
 a Baptist clergyman who served as Chaplain of the Senate. He was educated at Waterville College, ...
George Washington Bethune1805, Mar 181827
 
18621862, Apr 28
 a preacher-pastor in the Dutch Reformed Church. He was an outspoken Democrat in politics, opposed...
Nathaniel Hawthorne1804, Jul 41836
 
18621864, May 19
 an American novelist, Dark Romantic, and short story writer. Much of Hawthorne's writing centers ...
Samuel A. Cartwright1793, Nov 31837
 
18621863, May 2
 a physician who practiced in Mississippi and Louisiana in the antebellum United States. Cartwrigh...
Henry David Thoreau1817, Jul 121837
 
18621862, May 6
 an American author, poet, philosopher, abolitionist, naturalist, tax resister, development critic...
Andrew Bellunknown1827
 
1863unknown
 a Scottish-born Canadian journalist. He was well educated. His work and life is well known in the...
William Makepeace Thackeray1811, Jul 181829
 
18631863, Dec 24
 an English novelist of the 19th century. He is famous for his satirical works, particularly Vanit...
Hans Christian Andersen1805, Apr 21822
 
18641875, Aug 4
 a Danish author. Although a prolific writer of plays, travelogues, novels, and poems, Andersen is...
Edward Everett1794, Apr 111813
 
18651865, Jan 15
 an American politician, pastor, educator, diplomat, and orator from Massachusetts. Everett, a Whi...
Richard L. Allen1803, Oct 201833
 
18651869, Sep 22
 an American writer on agriculture. In 1842 he started the American Agriculturist in partnership w...
William Benton Clulow18021835
 
18651882, Apr 16
 an English dissenting minister, tutor and writer. Clulow was a native of Leek, Staffordshire, and...
William Gilmore Simms1806, Apr 171825
 
18661870, Jun 11
 a poet, novelist and historian from the American South. His writings achieved great prominence du...
Menachem Mendel Schneersohn1789, Sep 91831
 
18661866, Mar 17
 an Orthodox rabbi, leading 19th century posek, and the third Rebbe (spiritual leader) of the Chab...
Elizabeth Caroline Grey17981820
 
18671869
 a prolific English author of over 30 romance novels, silver fork novels, Gothic novels, sensation...
Antoine-Henri Jomini1779, Mar 61798
 
18691869, Mar 24
 a Swiss officer who served as a general in the French and later in the Russian service, and one o...
John P. Kennedy1795, Oct 251819
 
18701870, Aug 18
 an American novelist and Whig politician who served as United States Secretary of the Navy from J...
Charles Dickens1812, Feb 71832
 
18701870, Jun 9
 an English writer and social critic. He created some of the world's best-known fictional characte...
Gorham Dummer Abbott1807, Sep 31837
 
18701874, Aug 3
 an American clergyman, educator, and author. He was a significant figure in the movement to suppl...
Mary Fairfax Somerville1780, Dec 261811
 
18721872, Nov 29
 a Scottish science writer and polymath, at a time when women's participation in science was disco...
Charles Darwin1809, Feb 121827
 
18721882, Apr 19
 an English naturalist and geologist, best known for his contributions to the science of evolution...
George Catlin1796, Jul 261830
 
18721872, Dec 23
 an American painter, author, and traveler who specialized in portraits of Native Americans in the...
Anyos Jedlik1800, Jan 111817
 
18731895, Dec 13
 a Hungarian inventor, engineer, physicist, and Benedictine priest. He was also a member of the Hu...
Edward Bulwer-Lytton1803, May 251825
 
18731873, Jan 18
 an English novelist, poet, playwright, and politician. He was immensely popular with the reading ...
William Lloyd Garrison1805, Dec 101830
 
18731879, May 23
 was a prominent American abolitionist, journalist, suffragist, and social reformer. He is best kn...
William Cullen Bryant1794, Nov 31815
 
18741878, Jun 12
 American romantic poet, journalist and long-time editor of the New York Evening Post. "Thanatopsi...
Eugene Viollet-le-Duc1814, Jan 271830
 
18741879, Sep 17
 a French architect and theorist, famous for his interpretive "restorations" of medieval buildings...
John Stevens Cabot Abbott1805, Sep 191834
 
18761877, Jun 17
 an American historian, pastor, and pedagogical writer. He was a voluminous writer of books on Chr...
Pyotr Vyazemsky1792, Jul 231813
 
18771878, Nov 22
 a leading personality of the Golden Age of Russian poetry. In the 1820s Vyazemsky was the most co...
Thomas Carlyle1795, Dec 41821
 
18781881, Feb 5
 a Scottish philosopher, satirical writer, essayist, historian and teacher. Considered one of the ...
Zachariah Allen1795, Sep 151815
 
18791882, Mar 17
 an American textile manufacturer, scientist, lawyer, writer, inventor and civil leader from Provi...
Fernan Caballero1796, Dec 241821
 
18791877, Apr 7
 the pseudonym adopted from the name of a village in the province of Ciudad Real by the Spanish no...
Jacob Abbott1803, Nov 141825
 
18791879, Oct 31
 an American writer of children's books. He was a prolific author, writing juvenile fiction, brief...
Orson Pratt1811, Sep 191831
 
18791881, Oct 3
 an American mathematician and religious leader who was an original member of the Quorum of Twelve...
Giuseppe Garibaldi1807, Jul 41833
 
18791882, Jun 2
 an Italian general, politician and nationalist who played a large role in the history of Italy. H...
Charles Reade1814, Jun 81835
 
18791884, Apr 11
 an English novelist and dramatist, best known for The Cloister and the Hearth. Reade began his li...
Ralph Waldo Emerson18031836
 
18791882
 an American essayist, lecturer, and poet who led the Transcendentalist movement of the mid-19th c...
Benjamin Disraeli1804, Dec 211826
 
18801881, Apr 19
 a British politician and writer, who twice served as Prime Minister. He played a central role in ...
William Swan Plumer1802, Jul 261834
 
18801880, Oct 22
 an American clergyman, theologian and author who was recognized as an intellectual leader of the ...
Leonard Bacon1802, Feb 191825
 
18811881, Dec 24
 an American Congregational preacher and writer. He held the pulpit of the First Church New Haven ...
John William Draper1811, May 51832
 
18811882, Jan 4
 an English-American scientist, philosopher, physician, chemist, historian and photographer. He is...
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow1807, Feb 271824
 
18821882, Mar 24
 an American poet and educator whose works include Paul Revere's Ride, The Song of Hiawatha, and E...
Gottfried Kinkel1815, Aug 111836
 
18821882, Nov 12
 a German poet also noted for his revolutionary activities and his escape from a Prussian prison i...
Karl Marx1818, May 51836
 
18821883, Mar 14
 a philosopher, economist, sociologist, journalist, and revolutionary socialist. Born in Prussia t...
Amos Bronson Alcott17991823
 
18841888
 an American teacher, writer, philosopher, and reformer. As an educator, Alcott pioneered new ways...
Thomas William Webb1807, Dec 141829
 
18851885, May 19
 a British astronomer. Through his career T. W. Webb served as a clergyman at various places inclu...
Dion Boucicault1820/22, Dec 261834
 
18851890, Sep 18
 an Irish actor and playwright famed for his melodramas. His first play, A Legend of the Devil'...
Sarah T. Bolton1814, Dec 81828
 
18861893, Aug 5
 an American poet and activist. She has been called Indiana's "pioneer poet" and is best known for...
James Freeman Clarke1810, Apr 41833
 
18881888, Jun 8
 an American theologian and author. In 1839 he returned to Boston where he and his friends establi...
Theodore Sedgwick Fay1807, Feb 101828
 
18891898, Nov 17
 a writer from the United States who spent much of his life in Germany. Fay initially worked as a ...
John Ruskin1819, Feb 81829
 
18891900, Jan 20
 the leading English art critic of the Victorian era, as well as an art patron, draughtsman, water...
Robert Browning1812, May 71833
 
18891889, Dec 12
 an English poet and playwright whose mastery of the dramatic monologue made him one of the foremo...
Napoleon Aubin1812, Nov 91829
 
18901890, Jun 12
 a Canadian journalist, publisher, playwright, and scientist. Born in Geneva, Aubin sailed to the ...
Alfred, Lord Tennyson18091827
 
18911892
  Poet Laureate of Great Britain and Ireland during much of Queen Victoria's reign and remains one...
John Greenleaf Whittier1807, Dec 171826
 
18921892, Sep 7
 an American Quaker poet and advocate of the abolition of slavery in the United States. Frequently...
John Greenleaf Adams18101831
 
18971897
 co-editor with Dr. E.H. Chapin of the Universalist Hymns for Christian Devotion and alone for the...
George Dod Armstrong1813, Sep 151832
 
18991899, May 11
 a Presbyterian minister and author born in Mendham, New Jersey. In 1855 his family was nearly des...
Philip James Bailey1816, Apr 221834
 
19011902, Sep 6
 an English Spasmodic poet, best known as the author of his one voluminous poem, Festus, fi...
William Powell Frith1819, Jan 191838
 
19021909, Nov 9
  an English painter specialising in genre subjects and panoramic narrative works of life in the V...
Rebecca Hammond Lard1772, Mar 71786
 
1941855, Sep 28
 called by some critics "the first poet in Indiana". Her poetry reflects on the lives of the early...
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