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1552, Jul 181576-16121612, Jan 20
Holy Roman Emperor (1576–1612), King of Hungary and Croatia (as Rudolf I, 1572–1608), King of Bohemia (1575–1608/1611) and Archduke of Austria (1576–1608). He was a member of the House of Habsburg. Rudolf's legacy has traditionally been viewed in three ways: an ineffectual ruler whose mistakes led directly to the Thirty Years' War; a great and influential patron of Northern Mannerist art; and a devotee of occult arts and learning which helped seed the scientific revolution.
 Timeline (7)
10/12/1576-Rudolf II succeeds Maximilian II as arch duke of Austria 
04/15/1594-Fleming Pieter Stevens II appointed royal painter of Rudolf II in Prague 
06/25/1607-Mentally ill emperor Rudolf II signs Treaty of Lieben, giving up Austria, Hungary and Moravia
07/06/1609-Majesteitsbrief: Emperor Rudolf II grants Bohemia freedom of religion 
07/09/1609-Emperor Rudolf II grants Bohemian protestants freedom of religion 
07/20/1609-Emperor Rudolf II grants Silezische protestants freedom of religion 
03/11/1611-Emperor Rudolf II is forced out as king of Bohemia,
 Mentions (6)
Alfonso II d'Este
...fell into his reign. In 1583 he allied with Emperor Rudolf II in the war against the Turks in Hungary. Throughout...
Leopold V
...Archduke of Further Austria in Tirol, and 1611 for Rudolf II in Bohemia.
Carolus Luython
...1576 Luython become court organist and composer to Rudolf II first in Vienna, then in Prague, while his fellow...
Aegidius Sadeler
...from the Southern Netherlands active at the court of Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor in Prague. His early engavings...
Roelant Savery
...1604, where he became court painter of the Emperors Rudolf II and Mathias. Savery primarily painted landscapes...
Pieter Stevens II
...landscapes. He left Flanders to work for the court of Emperor Rudolf II in Prague. The circulation of prints made...
 Contemporaries
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Rudolf II1552, Jul 181576
 
16121612, Jan 20

Fernando Alvarez de Toledo1507, Oct 291524
 
15821582, Dec 11
 a Spanish noble, general, and diplomat. He was titled the 3rd Duke of Alba de Tormes, 4th Marquis...
William the Silent1533, Apr 241555
 
15841584, Jul 10
 the main leader of the Dutch revolt against the Spanish Habsburgs that set off the Eighty Years' ...
John Killigrew [2]unknown1571
 
15841584
  the 2nd Governor of Pendennis Castle, (1568–1584) appointed by Queen Elizabeth I, as stated on...
Emperor Ogimachi 1517, Jun 181557
 
15861593, Feb 6
 the 106th Emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. He reigned from Oct...
Sir Philip Sidney1554, Nov 301572
 
15861586, Oct 17
 an English poet, courtier, scholar, and soldier, who is remembered as one of the most prominent f...
Mary Stuart1542, Dec 81558
 
15871587, Feb 8
 reigned over Scotland from 14 December 1542 to 24 July 1567. As Mary was an infant when she inher...
Frederick II1534, Jul 11559
 
15881588, Apr 4
 King of Denmark and Norway and duke of Schleswig from 1559 until his death. He was hailed as succ...
Henry III1551, Sep 191573
 
15891589, Aug 2
 a monarch of the House of Valois who was elected the monarch of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealt...
Simon Kelwayunknown1589
 
 
15891623
 of Dawlish, Devon, was an English politician. He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England f...
Charles II of Austria1540, Jun 31564
 
15901590, Jul 10
 an Archduke of Austria and ruler of Inner Austria (Styria, Carniola and Carinthia) from 1564. He ...
Mahathammarachathirat15091569
 
15901590, Jun
 the first King of Ayutthaya Kingdom of the Sukhothai dynasty ruling from 1569 to 1590. As a power...
Ferdinand II1529, Jun 141564
 
15951595, Jan 24
 ruler of Further Austria including Tirol. The son of Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor, he was marr...
Murad III1546, Jul 41574
 
15951595, Jan 15/16
 the emperor and Caliph of the Ottoman Empire from 1574 until his death in 1595. Murad's reign is ...
King Philip II1527, May 211540
 
15981598, Sep 13
  King of Spain (1556–98), King of Portugal (1581–98, as Philip I, Filipe I), King of Naples a...
Claude de La Tremoille15661587
 
 
16021604, Oct 25
 a sixteenth-century French nobleman of the La Tremoille family. He was the son of Louis III de La...
Queen Elizabeth I1533, Sep 71558
 
16031603, Mar 24
 Queen of England and Ireland (and Supreme Governor of the Church of England ) from 17 November 15...
Mehmed III1566, May 261595
 
 
16031603, Dec 21/22
  the Sultan and Caliph of the Ottoman Empire from 1595 until his death in 1603. His reign is most...
Boris Godunov1551 ca1585
 
 
16051605, Apr 13
 ruled the Tsardom of Russia as de facto regent from c. 1585 to 1598 and then as the first non-Rur...
Opchanacanough1554 ca1500
 
16091646
 a tribal chief of the Powhatan Confederacy of what is now Virginia in the United States, and its ...
Henry IV1553, Dec 131572
 
16101610, May 14
 King of Navarre (as Henry III) from 1572 to 1610 and King of France from 1589 to 1610. He was the...
Emperor Go-Yozei 1571, Dec 311586
 
 
16111617, Sep 25
  the 107th Emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. Go-Yozei's reign s...
Sampson Lennard15441571
 
16141615, Sep 20
 an English Member of Parliament who represented an unusually large number of different constituen...
Mary Sidney1561, Oct 271575
 
16151621, Sep 25
 one of the first English women to achieve a major reputation for her poetry and literary patronag...
William Parkerunknown1587
 
16171617
 an English captain and privateer, and also Mayor of Plymouth. He was born near Plymouth and wa...
Ahmed I1590, Apr 181603
 
16171617, Nov 22
 the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and Caliph (Sunni Islam) of the Ottoman Caliphate from 1603 unti...
Maximilian III1558, Oct 121593
 
16181618, Nov 2
 the Archduke of Further Austria from 1612 until his death. From 1585 Maximilian became the Grandm...
HRE Matthias1557, Feb 241595
 
16191619, Mar 20
  Holy Roman Emperor from 1612, King of Hungary and Croatia from 1608 (as Matthias II) and King of...
Farrukh Pashaunknown1593
 
16211621
 the Ottoman governor of Nablus and Jerusalem in the early 17th century, and founder of the Farruk...
Albert VII1559, Nov 131598
 
16211621, Jul 13
 the ruling Archduke of Austria for a few months in 1619 and, jointly with his wife, Isabella Clar...
King James I1566, Jun 191603
 
16251625, Mar 27
  King of Scotland as James VI from 24 July 1567 and King of England and Ireland (and Supreme Head...
Francis Bacon1561, Jan 221579
 
16261626, Apr 9
 an English philosopher, statesman, scientist, jurist, orator, essayist and author. He served both...
Robert Naunton15631606
 
16261635, Mar 27
 an English writer and politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1606 an...
Juan de Onate15501595
 
16291626/1630
 a Novohispanic Conquistador, explorer, and colonial governor of the Santa Fe de Nuevo México pro...
Willem Janszoon1570 ca1598
 
16291630
 a Dutch navigator and colonial governor. Janszoon served in the Netherlands East Indies in the pe...
Emperor Go-Mizunoo 1596, Jun 291611
 
16291680, Sep 11
 the 108th Emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. Go-Mizunoo's reign ...
Henry Wotton1568, Mar 301588
 
16331639, Dec
 an English author, diplomat and politician who sat in the House of Commons in 1614 and 1625. Of 2...
Albrecht von Wallenstein1583, Sep 241604
 
16341634, Feb 25
 a Bohemian military leader and politician who offered his services, and an army of 30,000 to 100,...
HRE Ferdinand III1608, Jul 131590/1619
 
16371657, Apr 2
  Holy Roman Emperor from 15 February 1637 until his death, as well as King of Hungary and Croatia...
Charles Gonzaga1580, May 61600
 
16371637, Sep 22
 Duke of Mantua and Duke of Montferrat from 1627 until his death. He was also Charles III Duke of ...
Hendrik Brouwer15811606
 
16431643, Aug 7
 a Dutch explorer, admiral, and colonial administrator both in Japan and the Dutch East Indies. He...
King Louis XIII1601, Sep 2781610
 
16431643, May 14
 a monarch of the House of Bourbon who ruled as King of France from 1610 to 1643 and King of Navar...
Christian IV1577, Apr 121588
 
16481648, Feb 28
 king of Denmark-Norway and Duke of Holstein and Schleswig from 1588 to 1648. His 59-year reign is...
Maximilian I of Bavaria1573, Apr 171591
 
16511651, Sep 27
 a Wittelsbach ruler of Bavaria and a prince-elector (Kurfürst) of the Holy Roman Empire. His rei...
Myles Standish1584 ca1603
 
16561656, Oct 3
 an English military officer hired by the Pilgrims as military adviser for Plymouth Colony. He acc...
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